L6 Cellular Respiration
... 1) In the mitochondria, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC 2) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor 3) ETC uses the energy from electrons to transport H+ against the concentration ...
... 1) In the mitochondria, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC 2) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor 3) ETC uses the energy from electrons to transport H+ against the concentration ...
Document
... The most ATP produced in ETC Occur in most cells Produce CO2, H2O,ATPs Kerbs cycle, ETC Pyruvic acid enters mitochondrion ...
... The most ATP produced in ETC Occur in most cells Produce CO2, H2O,ATPs Kerbs cycle, ETC Pyruvic acid enters mitochondrion ...
DISCLAIMER: This lecture outline is intended to help you take notes
... not a substitute for attending lecture, taking notes, and reading the textbook. Examination questions will cover material presented in lecture that is not in this outline. You may only use this outline if you have read and understood this disclaimer. Biochemistry Lecture 19: ...
... not a substitute for attending lecture, taking notes, and reading the textbook. Examination questions will cover material presented in lecture that is not in this outline. You may only use this outline if you have read and understood this disclaimer. Biochemistry Lecture 19: ...
Cellular Respiration - Liberty Union High School District
... free O2 2.7 billion years ago (photosynthesis) eukaryotes 1.5 billion years ago (aerobic respiration = organelles mitochondria) ...
... free O2 2.7 billion years ago (photosynthesis) eukaryotes 1.5 billion years ago (aerobic respiration = organelles mitochondria) ...
Energy Cycle in Vertebrates - Jean
... sequentially cleaved from long-chain fatty acids through a circular pathway called b-oxidation, and the pyruvate produced by glycolysis is also oxidized to acetyl-CoA. Then, acetyl-CoA is metabolized through the reactions of the Krebs cycle. This cycle is also located in the mitochondrial matrix and ...
... sequentially cleaved from long-chain fatty acids through a circular pathway called b-oxidation, and the pyruvate produced by glycolysis is also oxidized to acetyl-CoA. Then, acetyl-CoA is metabolized through the reactions of the Krebs cycle. This cycle is also located in the mitochondrial matrix and ...
Final
... that is present. The different versions of the gene are called (heterozygotes, plasmids, alleles). The normal looking individual is called the (wild type, mutant, marker). Visible phenotypes studied in bacteria include colony pigmentation and texture, but (selectable, differential, magic) markers in ...
... that is present. The different versions of the gene are called (heterozygotes, plasmids, alleles). The normal looking individual is called the (wild type, mutant, marker). Visible phenotypes studied in bacteria include colony pigmentation and texture, but (selectable, differential, magic) markers in ...
Enzymes
... • Enzymes begin to lose their conformation (amino acid folding) at high tempresults in losing their function ...
... • Enzymes begin to lose their conformation (amino acid folding) at high tempresults in losing their function ...
What is an Enzyme? How Do Enzymes Work? Chemistry of Life
... Enzymes (en-zymz) are proteins that make it possible for the chemical reactions of life to go on inside living cells. ...
... Enzymes (en-zymz) are proteins that make it possible for the chemical reactions of life to go on inside living cells. ...
Test 2
... lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). Describe all the steps and intermediates involved in this stimulation, beginning with t ...
... lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). Describe all the steps and intermediates involved in this stimulation, beginning with t ...
(C) A glucose reserve - Ms. Ottolini`s Biology Wiki!
... temperature than the rate at 330 ppm CO2. (C) There is no theoretical maximum for the rate of photosynthesis. (D) Attempts to increase the photosynthetic yield in field crops should involve the lowering of CO2 levels. 7. Which of the following seems most likely from the data? (A) Light produces heat ...
... temperature than the rate at 330 ppm CO2. (C) There is no theoretical maximum for the rate of photosynthesis. (D) Attempts to increase the photosynthetic yield in field crops should involve the lowering of CO2 levels. 7. Which of the following seems most likely from the data? (A) Light produces heat ...
CHAPTER-II ENZYMES
... protein subunits, such as the DNA polymerases; here the holoenzyme is the complete complex containing all the subunits needed for activity. Coenzymes Coenzymes are small organic molecules that can be loosely or tightly bound to an enzyme. Tightly bound coenzymes can be called allosteric groups. Coen ...
... protein subunits, such as the DNA polymerases; here the holoenzyme is the complete complex containing all the subunits needed for activity. Coenzymes Coenzymes are small organic molecules that can be loosely or tightly bound to an enzyme. Tightly bound coenzymes can be called allosteric groups. Coen ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... ENTNER-DUDOROFF PATHWAY • The Entner-Doudoroff pathway yields one ATP and two NADPH molecules from one glucose molecule. • Uses 4 enzymes that are different from EMP 1 Glucose 2 pyruvate + 1 ATP + 1 NADH + 1 NADPH Bacteria: Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Agrobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis ...
... ENTNER-DUDOROFF PATHWAY • The Entner-Doudoroff pathway yields one ATP and two NADPH molecules from one glucose molecule. • Uses 4 enzymes that are different from EMP 1 Glucose 2 pyruvate + 1 ATP + 1 NADH + 1 NADPH Bacteria: Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Agrobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis ...
Chapter 2: Major Metabolic Pathway
... •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis. •All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other org ...
... •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis. •All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other org ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... Energy given off by the electron transfers is used to pump H+ across the inner membrane into the outer compartment This creates a chemical/electrical gradient • A form of potential energy • An ATP-synthesizing enzyme uses this energy to make ATP ...
... Energy given off by the electron transfers is used to pump H+ across the inner membrane into the outer compartment This creates a chemical/electrical gradient • A form of potential energy • An ATP-synthesizing enzyme uses this energy to make ATP ...
3.DCP I Year BCP Metabolism Notes
... The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932), five years before the discovery of the TCA cyc ...
... The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932), five years before the discovery of the TCA cyc ...
Major Metabolic Pathway
... •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis. •All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other org ...
... •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis. •All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other org ...
Metabolism
... • ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. • It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP making ATP. • The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well as in some bacteria. ...
... • ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. • It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP making ATP. • The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well as in some bacteria. ...
Enzyme Notes
... our body happen at a faster rate • A chemical that speeds up a reaction is called a catalyst. • Enzymes are often called biological catalysts. • http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanama ker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html ...
... our body happen at a faster rate • A chemical that speeds up a reaction is called a catalyst. • Enzymes are often called biological catalysts. • http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanama ker/animations/Enzyme%20activity.html ...
MEMBRANE-BOUND ELECTRON TRANSFER AND ATP …
... diffuses rapidly within the IMM. Electrons are carried from Complex III to Complex IV by cytochrome c, a small hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein located on the cytosolic or P side of the IMM. Complex II (Succinate-UQ oxidoreductase) is membrane bound and contains the FADH2 as a prosthetic grou ...
... diffuses rapidly within the IMM. Electrons are carried from Complex III to Complex IV by cytochrome c, a small hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein located on the cytosolic or P side of the IMM. Complex II (Succinate-UQ oxidoreductase) is membrane bound and contains the FADH2 as a prosthetic grou ...
PP Chapter 9 - Maria Regina High School
... • Respiration takes place inside a cell’s Mitochondria • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen (Like aerobic activity) • Anaerobic respiration: Does NOT require oxygen ...
... • Respiration takes place inside a cell’s Mitochondria • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen (Like aerobic activity) • Anaerobic respiration: Does NOT require oxygen ...
Glycolysi
... Synthesis of RNA/DNA, ATP, NADH, FADH2, coenzyme A in rapidly dividing cells (bone marrow, skin etc) NADPH Reductive biosynthesis - Fatty acid (liver, adipose, lactating mammary gland) - Steroid hormones & cholesterol (liver, adrenal glands, gonads) Defense from oxygen radical damages - High r ...
... Synthesis of RNA/DNA, ATP, NADH, FADH2, coenzyme A in rapidly dividing cells (bone marrow, skin etc) NADPH Reductive biosynthesis - Fatty acid (liver, adipose, lactating mammary gland) - Steroid hormones & cholesterol (liver, adrenal glands, gonads) Defense from oxygen radical damages - High r ...
2 ATP - Hobbs High School
... • NAD+ gains 1 hydrogen → NADH (each produces 2-3 ATPs) • FAD gains 2 hydrogen → FADH2 (each produces 2 ATPs) ...
... • NAD+ gains 1 hydrogen → NADH (each produces 2-3 ATPs) • FAD gains 2 hydrogen → FADH2 (each produces 2 ATPs) ...
Amoeba Sisters Video Recap: Enzymes
... Different enzymes have different ideal pH and temperature conditions. If the pH or temperature is extreme for a particular enzyme, it can even denature an enzyme, which can prevent it from binding and acting on its substrate. For the following two scenarios, name the variable (temperature or pH) tha ...
... Different enzymes have different ideal pH and temperature conditions. If the pH or temperature is extreme for a particular enzyme, it can even denature an enzyme, which can prevent it from binding and acting on its substrate. For the following two scenarios, name the variable (temperature or pH) tha ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • The inner membrane is highly impermeable and requires specific transporters. • Transporters specific for pyruvate, fatty acids, amino acids, ATP/ADP, phosphate and protons are found in the inner membrane. • The outer membrane is permeable to small molecules and ions because of Porins: transmembran ...
... • The inner membrane is highly impermeable and requires specific transporters. • Transporters specific for pyruvate, fatty acids, amino acids, ATP/ADP, phosphate and protons are found in the inner membrane. • The outer membrane is permeable to small molecules and ions because of Porins: transmembran ...
SG 7,8,9,10
... What is the Cori cycle? What is the relationship between muscle and liver in the Cori cycle? Describe the Pentose Phosphate Pathway; importance in production of NADPH and 5C sugars, reaction pathway, enzymes involved. List other important sugars for vertebrates and their metabolism. Describe glycoge ...
... What is the Cori cycle? What is the relationship between muscle and liver in the Cori cycle? Describe the Pentose Phosphate Pathway; importance in production of NADPH and 5C sugars, reaction pathway, enzymes involved. List other important sugars for vertebrates and their metabolism. Describe glycoge ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.