5-MGD Session 3, Lec 5, 2014
... 1. Virtually all enzymes are proteins Some enzymes also require the presence of additional chemical components to catalyse reactions. *Cofactors are inorganic ions such as Fe2+, Mn2+etc. *Coenzymes are organic compounds that act as temporary carriers of groups in the reaction e.g. nicotinamide adeni ...
... 1. Virtually all enzymes are proteins Some enzymes also require the presence of additional chemical components to catalyse reactions. *Cofactors are inorganic ions such as Fe2+, Mn2+etc. *Coenzymes are organic compounds that act as temporary carriers of groups in the reaction e.g. nicotinamide adeni ...
LECTURE 18 - Budostuff
... glycolysis is obtained, and show the methods of reaction “coupling” that the cell uses 4. Say where the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway are to be found in eukaryotic cells and in prokaryotic cells 5. Explain what oxidation reduction reactions are and the special role of the coenzyme NAD+/NADH ...
... glycolysis is obtained, and show the methods of reaction “coupling” that the cell uses 4. Say where the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway are to be found in eukaryotic cells and in prokaryotic cells 5. Explain what oxidation reduction reactions are and the special role of the coenzyme NAD+/NADH ...
Chapter 16 Citric Acid Cycle
... overall reaction mech shown in figure 16-6 step 1 pyruvate bound to TPP on E1 and is decarboxylated See TPP reaction mech figure 14-15 for more details step 2 the Lipoic acid (oxidized) on E2 get reduced and removes the acetate product to regenerate E1 This lipoic acid is attached to a lysine (figur ...
... overall reaction mech shown in figure 16-6 step 1 pyruvate bound to TPP on E1 and is decarboxylated See TPP reaction mech figure 14-15 for more details step 2 the Lipoic acid (oxidized) on E2 get reduced and removes the acetate product to regenerate E1 This lipoic acid is attached to a lysine (figur ...
Slide 1
... decides the rate of reaction. These reactions are the one which control the flux of the overall pathway. There are three steps in glycolysis that have enzymes which regulate the flux of glycolysis. ...
... decides the rate of reaction. These reactions are the one which control the flux of the overall pathway. There are three steps in glycolysis that have enzymes which regulate the flux of glycolysis. ...
Slide 1
... oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced b ...
... oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps to produce two molecules of pyruvate – In the process, two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of NADH – At the same time, two molecules of ATP are produced b ...
Cellular Respiration
... ATP synthesis) • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration ...
... ATP synthesis) • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
Chapter 20 TCA Cycle Bridging Reaction: Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
... The NADP + isozyme was the first discovered. It is more easily measured because the NAD+ enzyme requires ADP as an allosteric activator. In very old biochemistry textbooks, you may see NADPH as a product of this reaction. Malic enzyme and 6phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, along with the NADPH form of ...
Cellular respiration
... 1. In what organelle is this process occurring?____ 2. How many C does the starting molecule have?_____ 3. What is the name of the starting molecule?____ 4. What is the first step called?_____ 5. What is released during the first step?____ 6. What is the second step called?____ 7. What is released d ...
... 1. In what organelle is this process occurring?____ 2. How many C does the starting molecule have?_____ 3. What is the name of the starting molecule?____ 4. What is the first step called?_____ 5. What is released during the first step?____ 6. What is the second step called?____ 7. What is released d ...
Name CELLULAR RESPIRATION URL: http:://www.2.nl.edu/jste
... How many protons are pumped when FADH2 delivers electons. How many ATP’s are created? Run the animation to see the creation of 2ATP’s/FADH2. Explain why some cells will produce 36 ATP’s per glucose while others will produce 38 ATP’s per glucose. ...
... How many protons are pumped when FADH2 delivers electons. How many ATP’s are created? Run the animation to see the creation of 2ATP’s/FADH2. Explain why some cells will produce 36 ATP’s per glucose while others will produce 38 ATP’s per glucose. ...
Here is a practice Test
... a terminal point for both the enzyme and substrate (neither can be reused). d. more likely to occur in a 20 degrees C environment than a 40 degrees C one. 29. The caloric (Kcal) yield of one gram of protein added to that of one gram of carbohydrate is a. equal to the caloric yield of one gram of fat ...
... a terminal point for both the enzyme and substrate (neither can be reused). d. more likely to occur in a 20 degrees C environment than a 40 degrees C one. 29. The caloric (Kcal) yield of one gram of protein added to that of one gram of carbohydrate is a. equal to the caloric yield of one gram of fat ...
ATPs and - Walton High
... Because a total of 4 phosphate groups were added, FOUR MOLECULES OF ATP ARE PRODUCED. ...
... Because a total of 4 phosphate groups were added, FOUR MOLECULES OF ATP ARE PRODUCED. ...
Respiration: ATP - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... to produce movement, e.g. muscle contraction • binding to an enzyme molecule, allowing an energy-requiring reaction to be catalysed • transferring a phosphate group to an enzyme, making the enzyme active • transferring a phosphate group to an unreactive substrate molecule so that it can react in ...
... to produce movement, e.g. muscle contraction • binding to an enzyme molecule, allowing an energy-requiring reaction to be catalysed • transferring a phosphate group to an enzyme, making the enzyme active • transferring a phosphate group to an unreactive substrate molecule so that it can react in ...
CHAPTER 6
... Parallel pathways of catabolism and anabolism must differ in at least one metabolic step in order that they can be regulated independently. Shown here are two possible arrangements of opposing catabolic and anabolic sequenced between A and P. (a) The parallel sequences proceed via independent routes ...
... Parallel pathways of catabolism and anabolism must differ in at least one metabolic step in order that they can be regulated independently. Shown here are two possible arrangements of opposing catabolic and anabolic sequenced between A and P. (a) The parallel sequences proceed via independent routes ...
Examples from metabolism of xenobiotics
... Cytochrome P450 (monooxygenase, hydroxylase, MFO) • belongs among hemoproteins • many types of cyt P450, polymorphism • coenzyme: NADPH • NADPH-cytochrome P450-reductase • membranes of ER or mitochondria • common reaction: RH + O2 + NADPH+H+ → R–OH + H2O + NADP+ ...
... Cytochrome P450 (monooxygenase, hydroxylase, MFO) • belongs among hemoproteins • many types of cyt P450, polymorphism • coenzyme: NADPH • NADPH-cytochrome P450-reductase • membranes of ER or mitochondria • common reaction: RH + O2 + NADPH+H+ → R–OH + H2O + NADP+ ...
Week 6 Pre-Lecture Slides
... How does diversification of metabolic output improve fitness for an organism? ...
... How does diversification of metabolic output improve fitness for an organism? ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Valdosta State University
... energy in smaller stepwise amounts) • Each enzyme in a multi-step pathway usually catalyzes only one single step in the pathway • Control points occur in multistep pathways ...
... energy in smaller stepwise amounts) • Each enzyme in a multi-step pathway usually catalyzes only one single step in the pathway • Control points occur in multistep pathways ...
energy2
... The 3-carbon molecule gives up phosphorus, which is used to make 4 ATPs. NADH, an electron carrier, is also produced. The result are 2 3-carbon chains called pyruvate. ...
... The 3-carbon molecule gives up phosphorus, which is used to make 4 ATPs. NADH, an electron carrier, is also produced. The result are 2 3-carbon chains called pyruvate. ...
Discussion Questions for Week 5: HWA Pages 167-177
... 2. How are oxidative phrosphorylation and substrate level phosphoylation different? 3. HWA states that, in a very narrow sense, glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle can proceed without O2. Why, then, is O2 necessary for aerobic catabolism? 4. For each electron pair that originally comes from NADH and pas ...
... 2. How are oxidative phrosphorylation and substrate level phosphoylation different? 3. HWA states that, in a very narrow sense, glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle can proceed without O2. Why, then, is O2 necessary for aerobic catabolism? 4. For each electron pair that originally comes from NADH and pas ...
L7c RESPIRATION Ch9 etc regulation
... proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the ATP synthase ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ADP to ATP This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy in a H+ gradie ...
... proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the ATP synthase ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ADP to ATP This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy in a H+ gradie ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.