Lecture 1 Course overview and intro to enzymes
... Predicting/hypothesizing the electron transport chain order of electron carriers use of blockers biochemical studies Complex composition of respiratory chain components Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase Complex II: succinate dehydrogenase Complex III ubiquinone:cyt c oxidoreductase the Q cycle Complex I ...
... Predicting/hypothesizing the electron transport chain order of electron carriers use of blockers biochemical studies Complex composition of respiratory chain components Complex I: NADH dehydrogenase Complex II: succinate dehydrogenase Complex III ubiquinone:cyt c oxidoreductase the Q cycle Complex I ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized ...
... 8. Describe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis. 9. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis. 10. Identify where substrate-level phosphorylation and the reduction of NAD+ occur in glycolysis. 11. Describe where pyruvate is oxidized ...
Nutrition
... 3) 2 FADH2 (Krebs only) 4) 2 ATP (Krebs only) F) All NADH & FADH2 produced up to this point will enter the next step 5. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria A) Involves membrane proteins acting as H+ pumps that will release energy as an electron is transferred f ...
... 3) 2 FADH2 (Krebs only) 4) 2 ATP (Krebs only) F) All NADH & FADH2 produced up to this point will enter the next step 5. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) – occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria A) Involves membrane proteins acting as H+ pumps that will release energy as an electron is transferred f ...
CHAPTER 12 – RESPIRATION
... beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are transferred to the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced ...
... beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are transferred to the coenzyme NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced ...
A = 27
... atom. If three e- were lost 10, are remaining. ANS-4 #33 The excited state must have the same # of electrons as the neutral atom, however one or more must be at a higher energy level (outermost shell) that the ground state of the periodic table ( for Al it is 2-8-3), 13 electrons.The ans is 1) 2-7-4 ...
... atom. If three e- were lost 10, are remaining. ANS-4 #33 The excited state must have the same # of electrons as the neutral atom, however one or more must be at a higher energy level (outermost shell) that the ground state of the periodic table ( for Al it is 2-8-3), 13 electrons.The ans is 1) 2-7-4 ...
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
... The electrons in a water molecule are shared by oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). The shared electrons are attracted more strongly by the oxygen nucleus than by the hydrogen nuclei. Molecules with an unequal distribution of electrical charge are called ...
... The electrons in a water molecule are shared by oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). The shared electrons are attracted more strongly by the oxygen nucleus than by the hydrogen nuclei. Molecules with an unequal distribution of electrical charge are called ...
Note 17 - South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
... Respiration - is the process by which energy is given out Aerobic respiration - the release of energy using oxygen - take place in nearly ALL living organisms Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water [overall reaction] (energy is released as heat and it is used to do phosphorylation : ADP + [P] ATP ...
... Respiration - is the process by which energy is given out Aerobic respiration - the release of energy using oxygen - take place in nearly ALL living organisms Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water [overall reaction] (energy is released as heat and it is used to do phosphorylation : ADP + [P] ATP ...
glycolysis and respiration
... 3. Krebs cycle - A 9 step biochemical pathway that converts all of the remaining carbons from the original glucose into CO2, and yields 1 ATP, and traps high energy electrons in 3 NADH, and 1 4 FADH per Acetyl Co-A. ...
... 3. Krebs cycle - A 9 step biochemical pathway that converts all of the remaining carbons from the original glucose into CO2, and yields 1 ATP, and traps high energy electrons in 3 NADH, and 1 4 FADH per Acetyl Co-A. ...
Photosynthesis and Biosynthesis
... responds to light by moving hydrogen protons across cellular membranes. Light has both wave-form and particle-form properties, so although light occurs as different wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with c ...
... responds to light by moving hydrogen protons across cellular membranes. Light has both wave-form and particle-form properties, so although light occurs as different wavelengths, it also occurs as particles or packets of light energy called photons. When photons strike certain atoms associated with c ...
Nucleic Acids
... • Net Gain 38 ATP • Aerobic respiration is 19 X’s more efficient per glucose molecule ...
... • Net Gain 38 ATP • Aerobic respiration is 19 X’s more efficient per glucose molecule ...
Cellular Respiration
... cellular respiration to medicine PET Images to asses damage to heart muscles The heart has a high oxygen demand for ATP production by aerobic respiration. Blockage of a coronary artery (e.g. a clot) will interrupt the oxygen supply to a region of the heart, interfere with heart function and damage h ...
... cellular respiration to medicine PET Images to asses damage to heart muscles The heart has a high oxygen demand for ATP production by aerobic respiration. Blockage of a coronary artery (e.g. a clot) will interrupt the oxygen supply to a region of the heart, interfere with heart function and damage h ...
Semester 1 AP Biology Exam Review Guide Directions: Use this as
... 8. What does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable? 9. Create a chart comparing the following processes: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Include the following in your chart: a. passive or active b. with or against the gradient c. proteins or no prot ...
... 8. What does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable? 9. Create a chart comparing the following processes: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. Include the following in your chart: a. passive or active b. with or against the gradient c. proteins or no prot ...
Sheldon Biology Semester I Review Sheet
... the Golgi Apparatus. It is modified in the GA and the vesicle ‘buds’ off the GA as it eventually excreted via is to be excreted exocytosis. Both the mitochondria and chloroplast were once thought to be a prokaryotic organism (circular DNA and ribosomes are found in their inner fluids. Both were thou ...
... the Golgi Apparatus. It is modified in the GA and the vesicle ‘buds’ off the GA as it eventually excreted via is to be excreted exocytosis. Both the mitochondria and chloroplast were once thought to be a prokaryotic organism (circular DNA and ribosomes are found in their inner fluids. Both were thou ...
Matter and energy and life
... Atomic nucleus composed of protons & neutrons; electrons orbit nucleus. Protons ...
... Atomic nucleus composed of protons & neutrons; electrons orbit nucleus. Protons ...
PP Chapter 9 - Maria Regina High School
... • Respiration is the process by which energy is produced from sugar • Respiration takes place inside a cell’s Mitochondria • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen (Like aerobic activity) • Anaerobic respiration: Does NOT require oxygen ...
... • Respiration is the process by which energy is produced from sugar • Respiration takes place inside a cell’s Mitochondria • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen (Like aerobic activity) • Anaerobic respiration: Does NOT require oxygen ...
Enzymes & Energy
... phosphate group is shifted in the conversion of 3phosphoglycerate to 2phosphoglycerate. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is created by the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate. This enol phosphate has a high phosphate transfer ...
... phosphate group is shifted in the conversion of 3phosphoglycerate to 2phosphoglycerate. Phosphoenolpyruvic acid is created by the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate. This enol phosphate has a high phosphate transfer ...
Adv review key
... full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) ...
... full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) ...
Structures and Function Study Guide Questions
... 37. Saturated fats are when each carbon atom binds as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbon bonds 38. A hydrophilic molecule dissolves in water but not lipids 39. Proteins are structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers 40. E ...
... 37. Saturated fats are when each carbon atom binds as many hydrogen atoms as possible. Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbon bonds 38. A hydrophilic molecule dissolves in water but not lipids 39. Proteins are structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers 40. E ...
aerobic respiration
... ↑ surface area of inner membrane, which ↑ capacity to generate ATP Matrix Contains 100s of enzymes which oxidize pyruvate and fatty acids, and control the Krebs cycle ...
... ↑ surface area of inner membrane, which ↑ capacity to generate ATP Matrix Contains 100s of enzymes which oxidize pyruvate and fatty acids, and control the Krebs cycle ...
APS 1st semester exam review 2016
... full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) ...
... full shell. Also tell what charge it would have (positive or negative and how much ex: +2) ...
How to Assign Oxidation Numbers
... in peroxides where it has an oxidation state of –1 • The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the overall charge on the species. ...
... in peroxides where it has an oxidation state of –1 • The sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the overall charge on the species. ...
Document
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ...
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ...
Cellular Respiration (Text Book)
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts ...
Cellular Respiration
... Photosynthesis combines water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen, converting light energy into chemical energy. ...
... Photosynthesis combines water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen, converting light energy into chemical energy. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.