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ATP
... Proteins are synthesized by bonding amino acids amino acids = building block protein = polymer ...
... Proteins are synthesized by bonding amino acids amino acids = building block protein = polymer ...
Energy Review Questions
... Define substrate. The substrate is the molecule the enzyme binds to and changes. Describe activation energy and explain how an enzyme operates. The activation energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they ...
... Define substrate. The substrate is the molecule the enzyme binds to and changes. Describe activation energy and explain how an enzyme operates. The activation energy is the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction. Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they ...
University of - Biochemistry at the University of Maryland, College Park
... [Pi] = (3 × 10−3) / [(10−3) (157) = 0.0191 M (not nearly as much) 5. (20 points) Glycolysis (a; 12 points) Listed below are three enzymes from the glycolysis pathway. For any two (your choice) of these enzymes, draw the complete structure (including all H atoms) of the reactants and products for the ...
... [Pi] = (3 × 10−3) / [(10−3) (157) = 0.0191 M (not nearly as much) 5. (20 points) Glycolysis (a; 12 points) Listed below are three enzymes from the glycolysis pathway. For any two (your choice) of these enzymes, draw the complete structure (including all H atoms) of the reactants and products for the ...
1. Substrate level phosphorylation A) is part
... C) makes mice more prone to obesity because they use more lipid as fuel D) both B and C ...
... C) makes mice more prone to obesity because they use more lipid as fuel D) both B and C ...
Metabolism
... 9 acetyl coA’s through the citric acid cycle: 9 GTP, 67.5 ATP from 27 NADH and 13.5 ATP from 9 FADH2 Minus 2 ATP to start beta oxidation: 120 ATP Fat burns in a flame of carbohydrate Carbohydrate is needed Without sufficient oxaloacetate from carb to drive the citric acid cycle, the acetyl coA from ...
... 9 acetyl coA’s through the citric acid cycle: 9 GTP, 67.5 ATP from 27 NADH and 13.5 ATP from 9 FADH2 Minus 2 ATP to start beta oxidation: 120 ATP Fat burns in a flame of carbohydrate Carbohydrate is needed Without sufficient oxaloacetate from carb to drive the citric acid cycle, the acetyl coA from ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... Cellular respiration does not oxidize glucose in a single step that transfers all the hydrogen in the fuel to oxygen at one time. o Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. ...
... Cellular respiration does not oxidize glucose in a single step that transfers all the hydrogen in the fuel to oxygen at one time. o Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. ...
Energy Cycle in Vertebrates - Jean
... The flow of electrons through the respiratory chain establishes a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane as they are being pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space. Protons diffuse back to the matrix through a protein called ATP synthase, thereby stimulating this enzyme to pr ...
... The flow of electrons through the respiratory chain establishes a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane as they are being pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space. Protons diffuse back to the matrix through a protein called ATP synthase, thereby stimulating this enzyme to pr ...
Microbial Nutrition
... closely related solutes. Seem not to be important in procaryotes, much more prominent in Eucaryotic cells. ...
... closely related solutes. Seem not to be important in procaryotes, much more prominent in Eucaryotic cells. ...
Chapter 10 - Membrane Transport This chapter describes various
... one face of the helix. The rest of the helix is hydrophobic. Opening of the channel appears to occur as a result of movement of several residues within S-4 toward the extracellular environment as a result of an increase in membrane potential. Finally, note that such an action potential is initiated ...
... one face of the helix. The rest of the helix is hydrophobic. Opening of the channel appears to occur as a result of movement of several residues within S-4 toward the extracellular environment as a result of an increase in membrane potential. Finally, note that such an action potential is initiated ...
Biological Molecules - Princeton High School
... Saturated: Each carbon atom is single-bonded to 4 other atoms; straight chain; molecules are close together; solid at room temperature ...
... Saturated: Each carbon atom is single-bonded to 4 other atoms; straight chain; molecules are close together; solid at room temperature ...
Chapter 9 Modified
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP directly • It breaks the large free-energy drop from food to O2 int ...
File
... 1. Polymers are chains of repeating units (poly means “many”) 2. The units they’re made up of are called monomers (mono means “one”) 3. Take a brick wall, for example: each individual brick would be a monomer. The wall would be the polymer. ...
... 1. Polymers are chains of repeating units (poly means “many”) 2. The units they’re made up of are called monomers (mono means “one”) 3. Take a brick wall, for example: each individual brick would be a monomer. The wall would be the polymer. ...
Ch 102 – Problem Set 8 Due: Thursday, June 2
... electrons are formally transferred in this reaction? For the steps of the mechanism up to aldehyde release, what is the oxidant and reductant? For the remaining part of the mechanism, what is the oxidant and reductant? b) Give the oxidation state of Cu where missing. c) How many redox processes (cou ...
... electrons are formally transferred in this reaction? For the steps of the mechanism up to aldehyde release, what is the oxidant and reductant? For the remaining part of the mechanism, what is the oxidant and reductant? b) Give the oxidation state of Cu where missing. c) How many redox processes (cou ...
Photosynthesis
... As a result of the light energy, electrons are released from the chlorophyll a molecule in an oxidation reaction The free electrons from the chlorophyll a molecule are then “accepted” by a protein called a primary electron acceptor which reduces the molecule The electrons then move from one molecule ...
... As a result of the light energy, electrons are released from the chlorophyll a molecule in an oxidation reaction The free electrons from the chlorophyll a molecule are then “accepted” by a protein called a primary electron acceptor which reduces the molecule The electrons then move from one molecule ...
File E-Leraning : METABOLISME
... the Krebs cycle are carried to the electrontransport system (ETS) by NADH and FADH2. • The electrons are transferred through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions until they are ultimately accepted by oxygen atoms forming oxygen ions. • 32 molecules of ATP are produced. ...
... the Krebs cycle are carried to the electrontransport system (ETS) by NADH and FADH2. • The electrons are transferred through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions until they are ultimately accepted by oxygen atoms forming oxygen ions. • 32 molecules of ATP are produced. ...
Biochemistry
... Bis is of two parts; Bi =ثنائي, while s = “separated” (i.e. on different locations) Glycerald. 3-P converts into 2,3 bis PG or 2,3 BPG or 1,3 DPG and is present in most cells at low concentrations, but in the RBCs (erythrocytes) it is at high concentration (4 mM) which is equal to hemoglobin. I ...
... Bis is of two parts; Bi =ثنائي, while s = “separated” (i.e. on different locations) Glycerald. 3-P converts into 2,3 bis PG or 2,3 BPG or 1,3 DPG and is present in most cells at low concentrations, but in the RBCs (erythrocytes) it is at high concentration (4 mM) which is equal to hemoglobin. I ...
Cellular Resp. PP
... Compared with burning, cellular respiration is a more controlled. Energy is released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
... Compared with burning, cellular respiration is a more controlled. Energy is released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Compared with burning, cellular respiration is a more controlled. Energy is released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
... Compared with burning, cellular respiration is a more controlled. Energy is released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
1 Chapter 8. Energy and energy transformations The chapter 8
... electron tower and include NAD+, NADP+, and FAD. o During various steps of glucose oxidation, NAD+, NADP+, and FAD are reduced to NADH, NADPH, and FADH2. o The energy stored in electron carriers is stored to be harnessed later in the form of ATP that serves as an energy currency in living cell ...
... electron tower and include NAD+, NADP+, and FAD. o During various steps of glucose oxidation, NAD+, NADP+, and FAD are reduced to NADH, NADPH, and FADH2. o The energy stored in electron carriers is stored to be harnessed later in the form of ATP that serves as an energy currency in living cell ...
Introduction to Oxidation Reduction
... b. Identify two characteristics common to these equations. The first three reactions show an element, in this case oxygen, converted to the combined form of oxygen in a compound. An element was converted to a compound in the reactions. In the fourth reaction, a compound decomposed into its elements. ...
... b. Identify two characteristics common to these equations. The first three reactions show an element, in this case oxygen, converted to the combined form of oxygen in a compound. An element was converted to a compound in the reactions. In the fourth reaction, a compound decomposed into its elements. ...
IntroRedoxDCIAns
... b. Identify two characteristics common to these equations. The first three reactions show an element, in this case oxygen, converted to the combined form of oxygen in a compound. An element was converted to a compound in the reactions. In the fourth reaction, a compound decomposed into its elements. ...
... b. Identify two characteristics common to these equations. The first three reactions show an element, in this case oxygen, converted to the combined form of oxygen in a compound. An element was converted to a compound in the reactions. In the fourth reaction, a compound decomposed into its elements. ...
key - Scioly.org
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
... glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate ...
AP_Biology_files/review guide 9,12,13,14
... 12. Describe the redox reaction of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. 13. Describe the reactions of Kreb’s cycle using roles of Acetyl CoA, citric acid, NAD+, and FAD. 14. What are the products that are produced in the Kreb’s cycle? 15. What is the importance of electron transport seen in the cristae membranes ...
... 12. Describe the redox reaction of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. 13. Describe the reactions of Kreb’s cycle using roles of Acetyl CoA, citric acid, NAD+, and FAD. 14. What are the products that are produced in the Kreb’s cycle? 15. What is the importance of electron transport seen in the cristae membranes ...
Practice Lecture Exam 2
... A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Most of a cell's enzymes are A) lipids. B) proteins. C) amino acids. D) nucleic acids. E) carbohydrates. 11. I ...
... A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Most of a cell's enzymes are A) lipids. B) proteins. C) amino acids. D) nucleic acids. E) carbohydrates. 11. I ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.