![Ecological speciation model](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008279442_1-47d83d09c6ef8141963d13e53fee7b8d-300x300.png)
Ecological speciation model
... NADH’s made in pathway are reoxidized by reducing pyruvate to lactate NADH is key cofactor in oxidation reduction reactions ATP made solely by substrate level ...
... NADH’s made in pathway are reoxidized by reducing pyruvate to lactate NADH is key cofactor in oxidation reduction reactions ATP made solely by substrate level ...
Neuron Structure and Function - University of British Columbia
... • pumps 2 Ca2+ ions out for every 1 ATP molecule used • Uses ATP to drive Ca 2+ out against a very large concentration gradient • Internal Ca 2+ binding sites have a very high affinity • Energy transfer from ATP to the aspartate of the Ca2+ ATPase causes a protein conformational change and Ca2+ tran ...
... • pumps 2 Ca2+ ions out for every 1 ATP molecule used • Uses ATP to drive Ca 2+ out against a very large concentration gradient • Internal Ca 2+ binding sites have a very high affinity • Energy transfer from ATP to the aspartate of the Ca2+ ATPase causes a protein conformational change and Ca2+ tran ...
apbio ch 9 study guide
... The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. o The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. o The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. o It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that ...
... The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. o The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. o The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. o It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that ...
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
... Iron forms a chelate with NADH and FAD(2H) that is necessary for them to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. Iron acts as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate DH in the TCA cycle, a reaction required for the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain. Iron accompanies the p ...
... Iron forms a chelate with NADH and FAD(2H) that is necessary for them to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. Iron acts as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate DH in the TCA cycle, a reaction required for the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain. Iron accompanies the p ...
Exam 3 Q2 Review Sheet 1/2/11
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
1 Membrane Transport and Protein Synthesis Lecture 4 Cell
... initiator codon is AUG and 1st t-RNA carries amino-acid Methionine and has the anti-codon UAC. Elongation consists of adding amino-acids to polypeptide chain. 2 t-RNA’s are attached to larger subunit. The first t-RNA carries the chain already synthesized. 2nd t-RNA, with complementary anti-codon to ...
... initiator codon is AUG and 1st t-RNA carries amino-acid Methionine and has the anti-codon UAC. Elongation consists of adding amino-acids to polypeptide chain. 2 t-RNA’s are attached to larger subunit. The first t-RNA carries the chain already synthesized. 2nd t-RNA, with complementary anti-codon to ...
File
... thioester linkage to acyl carrier protein (ACP) Acyl groups linked to ACP through phosphopantetheine prosthetic group 4. Electron carriers consume NADPH ...
... thioester linkage to acyl carrier protein (ACP) Acyl groups linked to ACP through phosphopantetheine prosthetic group 4. Electron carriers consume NADPH ...
Cell Energy (Photosynthesis and Respiration) Notes
... plants, animals, bacteria C. Energy stored by photosynthesis in glucose is converted into the energy of – ATP ...
... plants, animals, bacteria C. Energy stored by photosynthesis in glucose is converted into the energy of – ATP ...
Chemoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs: Fat β (beta)
... • Consider this week’s news article (bioplastics, biofuels) • Various species of bacteria can make all kinds of weird stuff ...
... • Consider this week’s news article (bioplastics, biofuels) • Various species of bacteria can make all kinds of weird stuff ...
Multiple Choice Review
... 9. How many net ATP are produced through the process shown in the image above? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 38 10. Pyruvate decarboxylation produces ATP as well as a. NADH, acetyl Co-A and CO2 b. Citric acid, NADH and O2 c. Pyruvate, NADH and CO2 d. FADH, NADH and O2 11. By the end of the Citric acid (Krebs) c ...
... 9. How many net ATP are produced through the process shown in the image above? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 38 10. Pyruvate decarboxylation produces ATP as well as a. NADH, acetyl Co-A and CO2 b. Citric acid, NADH and O2 c. Pyruvate, NADH and CO2 d. FADH, NADH and O2 11. By the end of the Citric acid (Krebs) c ...
Neuron Structure and Function
... pumps 2 Ca2+ ions out for every 1 ATP molecule used Uses ATP to drive Ca 2+ out against a very large concentration gradient Internal Ca 2+ binding sites have a very high affinity (in order to overcome extremely low Ca2+ concentrations inside cell) Energy transfer from ATP to the aspartate of the ...
... pumps 2 Ca2+ ions out for every 1 ATP molecule used Uses ATP to drive Ca 2+ out against a very large concentration gradient Internal Ca 2+ binding sites have a very high affinity (in order to overcome extremely low Ca2+ concentrations inside cell) Energy transfer from ATP to the aspartate of the ...
8 Cellular Respiration-2016 ClydeRamloch... 167KB Nov 02 2016
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and does not require the presence of oxygen. Therefore, the process is anaerobic. It is the first step used by cells to extract energy from glucose in the form of ATP. ATP can be directly used by cells. 3. Refer to diagram 2 a. At what steps are ATP used? ...
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and does not require the presence of oxygen. Therefore, the process is anaerobic. It is the first step used by cells to extract energy from glucose in the form of ATP. ATP can be directly used by cells. 3. Refer to diagram 2 a. At what steps are ATP used? ...
Lecture 12 “Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Part I” PPT
... 5. Pheophytin is reduced which transfers the high-energy e- to an ETC 6. Electron is gradually stepped down in PE through redox rxns among a series of quinones and cytochromes 7. Using energy released by the redox reactions, PQ carries protons across the thylakoid membrane, from the stroma to the lu ...
... 5. Pheophytin is reduced which transfers the high-energy e- to an ETC 6. Electron is gradually stepped down in PE through redox rxns among a series of quinones and cytochromes 7. Using energy released by the redox reactions, PQ carries protons across the thylakoid membrane, from the stroma to the lu ...
problem set: atomic structure
... a) The electron affinity of Fluorine is more negative than Oxygen. b) The electron affinity of Magnesium is a positive value. c) The electron affinity for Phosphorus is less negative than Silicon. d) The electron affinity of Neon is a positive value. 4) a) Describe what you would see if you added: i ...
... a) The electron affinity of Fluorine is more negative than Oxygen. b) The electron affinity of Magnesium is a positive value. c) The electron affinity for Phosphorus is less negative than Silicon. d) The electron affinity of Neon is a positive value. 4) a) Describe what you would see if you added: i ...
Cell Biology
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
... o If oxygen available, pyruvate fed into TCA cycle where it generates some ATP and more NADH(H+) and FADH2 are used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmotic coupling via ETS. Oxidized to carbon dioxide. o If there is no oxygen available or cannot be used another way to regenerat ...
Chapter 2 Practice Questions
... A) Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms. B) Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. C) All atoms of a given element are identical. D) Atoms are indivisible in chemical reactions. E) All of these statements are true according to modern atomic theory. 4. Avogadro's hyp ...
... A) Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms. B) Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. C) All atoms of a given element are identical. D) Atoms are indivisible in chemical reactions. E) All of these statements are true according to modern atomic theory. 4. Avogadro's hyp ...
PP Chapter 9 - WordPress.com
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. o The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. o The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. o It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that ...
... The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. o The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. o The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. o It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. o The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. o The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. o It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that ...
... The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. o The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. o The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. o It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that ...
Photosynthesis- Photosynthetic carbon reduction (PCR)
... pH stroma goes up from 7 Æ 8 Mg2+ increases in stroma NADPH allosteric activator Rubisco Activase catalyzes carbamate formation – CO2 required ...
... pH stroma goes up from 7 Æ 8 Mg2+ increases in stroma NADPH allosteric activator Rubisco Activase catalyzes carbamate formation – CO2 required ...
2 Pyruvic Acid
... During respiration electrons are removed from glucose and transported to the ETC by electron carriers. Energy from the electrons is used to synthesize ATP in the ETC. ...
... During respiration electrons are removed from glucose and transported to the ETC by electron carriers. Energy from the electrons is used to synthesize ATP in the ETC. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.