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Unit 1 Practice Test
... (A) They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH. (B) They both require a net input of ATP. (C) They both result in a release of oxygen. (D) They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix. (E) They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix. 21. The bonding of tw ...
... (A) They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH. (B) They both require a net input of ATP. (C) They both result in a release of oxygen. (D) They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix. (E) They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix. 21. The bonding of tw ...
Bio101 Chapters 5, 6, 7 Practice Quiz Name
... A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Most of a cell's enzymes are A) lipids. B) proteins. C) amino acids. D) nucleic acids. E) carbohydrates. 11. I ...
... A) Potential energy; kinetic energy B) Kinetic energy; potential energy 9. ATP contains A) one phosphate group B) two phosphate groups C) three phosphate groups D) four phosphate groups 10. Most of a cell's enzymes are A) lipids. B) proteins. C) amino acids. D) nucleic acids. E) carbohydrates. 11. I ...
Energy - jpinks
... - Is one of the most important elements in the formation of compounds. It is the backbone or framework for the 4 Molecules of Life **Carbon has the ability to bond in several different directions with many types of other ...
... - Is one of the most important elements in the formation of compounds. It is the backbone or framework for the 4 Molecules of Life **Carbon has the ability to bond in several different directions with many types of other ...
Micro 260 Fall 2009 Name: ___ Allan Keys ____ Tools: You may
... required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations. The function of co-enzymes act as partner in the oxidation reduction reaction of such enzyme found in the Kreb’s cycle. ...
... required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations. The function of co-enzymes act as partner in the oxidation reduction reaction of such enzyme found in the Kreb’s cycle. ...
Carbohydrate and sugar structure
... Metabolism is the overall process through which living systems acquire and utilize free energy to carry out their functions They couple exergonic reactions of nutrient breakdown to the endergonic processes required to maintain the living state Catabolism (degradation): nutrients and cell constituent ...
... Metabolism is the overall process through which living systems acquire and utilize free energy to carry out their functions They couple exergonic reactions of nutrient breakdown to the endergonic processes required to maintain the living state Catabolism (degradation): nutrients and cell constituent ...
The Periodic Table - Mrs Molchany`s Webpage
... positive (less energy released). Reason: Moving down a group the average distance between the added electron and the nucleus steadily increases, causing the electron-nucleus attraction to decrease. The orbital that holds the outermost electron is increasingly spread out, however, proceeding down the ...
... positive (less energy released). Reason: Moving down a group the average distance between the added electron and the nucleus steadily increases, causing the electron-nucleus attraction to decrease. The orbital that holds the outermost electron is increasingly spread out, however, proceeding down the ...
Fatty Acid Catabolism
... 1. Which lipid form is transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane before β-oxidation? A) Acylcarnitine. B) Fatty acyl CoA. C) Acetoacetyl CoA. D) Lysophospholipid CoA. 2. There are four steps in the β-oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types i ...
... 1. Which lipid form is transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane before β-oxidation? A) Acylcarnitine. B) Fatty acyl CoA. C) Acetoacetyl CoA. D) Lysophospholipid CoA. 2. There are four steps in the β-oxidation pathway. Some reaction types are listed below. Give the proper reaction types i ...
Bettleheim Chapter 20
... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXmw3fR8fh0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvoZ21P4JK8 ...
... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXmw3fR8fh0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvoZ21P4JK8 ...
Name
... B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat more specific observations. C) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments. D) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific issues ...
... B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat more specific observations. C) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments. D) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific issues ...
Detailed Objectives
... Isocitrate dehydrogenase mechanism C. Reactions of cycle D. Overall reaction, oxidative phosphorylation Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain A. Enzyme complexes B. Electron carriers; electron flow C. Proton gradient generation; proton flow D. Free energy of proton transport E. ATP synthase ...
... Isocitrate dehydrogenase mechanism C. Reactions of cycle D. Overall reaction, oxidative phosphorylation Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain A. Enzyme complexes B. Electron carriers; electron flow C. Proton gradient generation; proton flow D. Free energy of proton transport E. ATP synthase ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition Chapter 10 –Introduction to
... For NAD+/NADH it is -0.32, and for CoQ/CoQH2 it is 0.10. From figure 10.7, it can been seen that FMN carries electrons between NADH and CoQ, thus is must be intermediate in E0’ value as well, somewhere between -0.32 and 0.10. It is actually -0.219. As further thinking, ask students to prediction the ...
... For NAD+/NADH it is -0.32, and for CoQ/CoQH2 it is 0.10. From figure 10.7, it can been seen that FMN carries electrons between NADH and CoQ, thus is must be intermediate in E0’ value as well, somewhere between -0.32 and 0.10. It is actually -0.219. As further thinking, ask students to prediction the ...
Why ATP?
... to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, ADP, Pi, and H+ (pH). To further complicate the issue, the total concentrati ...
... to another, G for ATP hydrolysis likewise differs among cells. Moreover, in any given cell, G can vary from time to time, depending on the metabolic conditions in the cell and how they influence the concentrations of ATP, ADP, Pi, and H+ (pH). To further complicate the issue, the total concentrati ...
Basic Concepts of Cellular Metabolism and Bioenergetics
... Water is used to split a single molecule into two separate molecules. Most common types of bonds to split ...
... Water is used to split a single molecule into two separate molecules. Most common types of bonds to split ...
cellular respiration
... • Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. • If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glycolysis shuts down. • Under aerobic conditions, NADH transfers its electrons to the electron transfer chain, recycling NAD+. ...
... • Fermentation can generate ATP from glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation as long as there is a supply of NAD+ to accept electrons. • If the NAD+ pool is exhausted, glycolysis shuts down. • Under aerobic conditions, NADH transfers its electrons to the electron transfer chain, recycling NAD+. ...
Key concepts for Essay #1
... shown for either temperature or pH. Be sure to state the hypothesis ...
... shown for either temperature or pH. Be sure to state the hypothesis ...
Section 2.3 - Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy
... • Many organisms and some cells live without O2, deriving energy from glycolysis and fermentation. Together, these pathways partly oxidize glucose and generate energy-containing products. Fermentation reactions anaerobically oxidize the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. ...
... • Many organisms and some cells live without O2, deriving energy from glycolysis and fermentation. Together, these pathways partly oxidize glucose and generate energy-containing products. Fermentation reactions anaerobically oxidize the NADH + H+ produced in glycolysis. ...
3. Feedback mechanisms control cellular respiration
... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
CHAPTER 2
... ◦ Together protons and neutrons determine the atomic ____________ of the atom. ◦ The atomic _____________ of an element is equal to the number of protons in that element. ...
... ◦ Together protons and neutrons determine the atomic ____________ of the atom. ◦ The atomic _____________ of an element is equal to the number of protons in that element. ...
103 final review worksheet
... 36. What type of secondary structure predominates in -keratin? What type in keratin? 37. What is the primary type of cross-linking in secondary structure? 38. Describe the structure of collagen and explain what makes it so strong. ...
... 36. What type of secondary structure predominates in -keratin? What type in keratin? 37. What is the primary type of cross-linking in secondary structure? 38. Describe the structure of collagen and explain what makes it so strong. ...
Chapter 9 Cell Respiration
... • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP ...
... • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP ...
Respiration Notes - Streetsboro City Schools
... Kreb’s cycle- the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-releasing steps Electron transport chain- the process in which high-energy electrons convert ADP to ATP (a lot of it). ATP- the principal chemical compound that cells use to store and release ...
... Kreb’s cycle- the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-releasing steps Electron transport chain- the process in which high-energy electrons convert ADP to ATP (a lot of it). ATP- the principal chemical compound that cells use to store and release ...
The dinitrogenase reductase
... 4Fe-4S centers and two Mo-Fe clusters. • The dinitrogenase reductase (also called the Fe protein) is a dimer of two identifcal subunits, containing a single Fe4-S4 redox center. • The nitrogenase complex is highly conserved ...
... 4Fe-4S centers and two Mo-Fe clusters. • The dinitrogenase reductase (also called the Fe protein) is a dimer of two identifcal subunits, containing a single Fe4-S4 redox center. • The nitrogenase complex is highly conserved ...
Enzymes
... - covalent addition of a phosphate group from ATP to protein o phosphate group is negatively charged o added to serine, threonine, or tyrosine R groups - can cause a conformational change that activates or inactivates the protein - protein kinases; adds phosphate groups - protein phosphatases o remo ...
... - covalent addition of a phosphate group from ATP to protein o phosphate group is negatively charged o added to serine, threonine, or tyrosine R groups - can cause a conformational change that activates or inactivates the protein - protein kinases; adds phosphate groups - protein phosphatases o remo ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.