Unit 1 – Biochemisty
... I can describe the pH scale and give examples of substances that are acidic and basic What is pH? ________________________________________________ Label the pH Scale with acids, bases, and neutral. Draw arrow to indicate the increasing strength. ...
... I can describe the pH scale and give examples of substances that are acidic and basic What is pH? ________________________________________________ Label the pH Scale with acids, bases, and neutral. Draw arrow to indicate the increasing strength. ...
Chapter 11: Membrane transport
... Net movements of molecules from one site from high concentration to low concentration is diffusion Passive diffusion is unassisted Its facilitated diffusion if a protein allows diffusion across a membrane barrier Channels (with selective permeability) allow diffusion of ions down their concentration ...
... Net movements of molecules from one site from high concentration to low concentration is diffusion Passive diffusion is unassisted Its facilitated diffusion if a protein allows diffusion across a membrane barrier Channels (with selective permeability) allow diffusion of ions down their concentration ...
What happened to my cousin Patrick O’Neill?
... B: His muscles are not functioning properly. C: He cannot efficiently break down food for energy. D: All of the above are possible causes. ...
... B: His muscles are not functioning properly. C: He cannot efficiently break down food for energy. D: All of the above are possible causes. ...
Biol 1406 notes Ch 9 8thed
... The last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is very electronegative. Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level t ...
... The last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is very electronegative. Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level t ...
PPT - gserianne.com
... cells cannot synthesize, i.e., they must come from the diet - required in very small amounts - examples - B vitamins: Thiamine (B1), niacin The protein parts of enzymes that need a nonprotein part (coenzymes, cofactors) to work are called apoenzymes ...
... cells cannot synthesize, i.e., they must come from the diet - required in very small amounts - examples - B vitamins: Thiamine (B1), niacin The protein parts of enzymes that need a nonprotein part (coenzymes, cofactors) to work are called apoenzymes ...
File
... a. Where does the carbon “go” that is removed? _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. What is the major FUNCTION of the Kreb’s cycle? _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. What are the roles of NAD+ ...
... a. Where does the carbon “go” that is removed? _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. What is the major FUNCTION of the Kreb’s cycle? _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. What are the roles of NAD+ ...
File
... Electron Transport Chain The reaction occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane Electrons from intermediates in Glycolysis and the TCA cycle are ...
... Electron Transport Chain The reaction occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane Electrons from intermediates in Glycolysis and the TCA cycle are ...
File
... 3. In mammals, which of the following substances is produced in a muscle that operates anaerobically? (A) Acetyl CoA (C) NADPH (B) Citrate (D) Lactate Answer = D 4. Production of ATP occurs in all of the following processes EXCEPT (A) glycolysis (B) electron transport system and chemiosmosis ( ...
... 3. In mammals, which of the following substances is produced in a muscle that operates anaerobically? (A) Acetyl CoA (C) NADPH (B) Citrate (D) Lactate Answer = D 4. Production of ATP occurs in all of the following processes EXCEPT (A) glycolysis (B) electron transport system and chemiosmosis ( ...
peran serta masyarakat dalam plh
... Cofactor These cofactors are required for enzyme activity and may consist of metal ions or complex organic molecules. Some enzymes require both types of cofactors. Cofactors ( bukan protein) can be divided into three groups a. yg terikat kuat pd protein - Prosthetic group -b. yg mudah dipisahkan) - ...
... Cofactor These cofactors are required for enzyme activity and may consist of metal ions or complex organic molecules. Some enzymes require both types of cofactors. Cofactors ( bukan protein) can be divided into three groups a. yg terikat kuat pd protein - Prosthetic group -b. yg mudah dipisahkan) - ...
Ch 18 reading guide
... 1. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into a molecule called ______________. 2. From the schematic of figure 18.2, it is observed that the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is converted to ________. 3. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversio ...
... 1. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into a molecule called ______________. 2. From the schematic of figure 18.2, it is observed that the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle and is converted to ________. 3. What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversio ...
chap16
... fumarase converts fumarate to malate, and it is highly stereospecific in the last step of the Kreb’s cycle, malate is converted to oxaloacetate by Lmalate dehydrogenase. This also results in the formation of NADH. This reaction is not energetically favorable, but it proceeds to the right because oxa ...
... fumarase converts fumarate to malate, and it is highly stereospecific in the last step of the Kreb’s cycle, malate is converted to oxaloacetate by Lmalate dehydrogenase. This also results in the formation of NADH. This reaction is not energetically favorable, but it proceeds to the right because oxa ...
Lecture 7 (2/06/08) " Single
... monomers can be brought together by enzymes such that their hydroxyl groups (-OH) through couple together. This catalysis is an example of a _______________reaction. condensation ...
... monomers can be brought together by enzymes such that their hydroxyl groups (-OH) through couple together. This catalysis is an example of a _______________reaction. condensation ...
Slide 1
... What? High-energy electrons (along with their protons) removed during the citric acid cycle enter a chain of electron acceptor molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria As electrons move down the chain, they release small bursts of energy to pump protons between the inner and ...
... What? High-energy electrons (along with their protons) removed during the citric acid cycle enter a chain of electron acceptor molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria As electrons move down the chain, they release small bursts of energy to pump protons between the inner and ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview
... happens in the cytosol • Acetyl‐CoA cannot get across the mitochondrial membrane • At cost of 2 ATP, acetyl‐CoA gets across membrane in citrate form ...
... happens in the cytosol • Acetyl‐CoA cannot get across the mitochondrial membrane • At cost of 2 ATP, acetyl‐CoA gets across membrane in citrate form ...
A-level Human Biology Mark scheme Unit 5 - Inheritance
... Excitation of chlorophyll molecule/electrons/ energy of (pairs of) electrons raised to higher energy level; Electron(s) emitted from chlorophyll molecule; Electron(s) to electron transport chain; Loss of energy by electron(s) along electron transport chain; Energy lost by electron(s) is used to synt ...
... Excitation of chlorophyll molecule/electrons/ energy of (pairs of) electrons raised to higher energy level; Electron(s) emitted from chlorophyll molecule; Electron(s) to electron transport chain; Loss of energy by electron(s) along electron transport chain; Energy lost by electron(s) is used to synt ...
Translation - The Citadel
... Electron Transport in the Mitochondria (Written Lesson) Most of the cell’s ATP is generated by a process called chemiosmosis or oxidative phosphorylation which occurs as a result of electron transport in the mitochondria. IV. Electron Transport Chain/System (ETS) and Chemiosmosis 1. occurs in/acros ...
... Electron Transport in the Mitochondria (Written Lesson) Most of the cell’s ATP is generated by a process called chemiosmosis or oxidative phosphorylation which occurs as a result of electron transport in the mitochondria. IV. Electron Transport Chain/System (ETS) and Chemiosmosis 1. occurs in/acros ...
Essential Questions for Photosynthesis/Cell Respiration
... Match the questions on the left with the process on the right. You can use a choice more than once or not at all. 36. Makes glucose a. photosynthesis only b. cell respiration only 37. Uses CO2 c. both d. neither 38. Makes ATP for the cell to use 39. Produces O2 40. Converts energy from one form to a ...
... Match the questions on the left with the process on the right. You can use a choice more than once or not at all. 36. Makes glucose a. photosynthesis only b. cell respiration only 37. Uses CO2 c. both d. neither 38. Makes ATP for the cell to use 39. Produces O2 40. Converts energy from one form to a ...
Cell Metabolism
... Cell Respiration: is the process of converting the chemical energy in food molecules (such as glucose) into a form the cell can use (ATP). ...
... Cell Respiration: is the process of converting the chemical energy in food molecules (such as glucose) into a form the cell can use (ATP). ...
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
... • The tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle) is a focal end point for the oxidation of carbohydrate, fat and amino acids via acetyl coenzyme A. • Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. • The reactions of the TCA cycle generate carbon diox ...
... • The tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle) is a focal end point for the oxidation of carbohydrate, fat and amino acids via acetyl coenzyme A. • Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. • The reactions of the TCA cycle generate carbon diox ...
Bioenergetics Objectives Objectives
... Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation • Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glu • Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glycogen • Overall efficiency of aerobic respiration is 40% ...
... Efficiency of Oxidative Phosphorylation • Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glu • Aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glycogen • Overall efficiency of aerobic respiration is 40% ...
Professor Jason Raymond - School of Earth and Space Exploration
... Aerobic respiration is essential for ATP production in complex life… but none of this existed before oxygen ...
... Aerobic respiration is essential for ATP production in complex life… but none of this existed before oxygen ...
Ch 9 Cellular respiration
... mostly made of proteins multiprotein complexes #IIV prosthetic gps. are attached to these proteins nonprotein needed for catalysis by enzymes during chainelectron carriers alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they gain and lose electrons ...
... mostly made of proteins multiprotein complexes #IIV prosthetic gps. are attached to these proteins nonprotein needed for catalysis by enzymes during chainelectron carriers alternate between reduced and oxidized states as they gain and lose electrons ...
What happens during the breakdown of pyruvate?
... For each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle: A ...
... For each acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle: A ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.