The Biochemistry of Movement
... phosphate group in ATP to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a highly exothermic process. As a result, ATP is regarded as an ‘energy rich’ compound. In cellular respiration, the chemical reaction of glucose with oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. This reaction releases large amounts of energ ...
... phosphate group in ATP to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a highly exothermic process. As a result, ATP is regarded as an ‘energy rich’ compound. In cellular respiration, the chemical reaction of glucose with oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. This reaction releases large amounts of energ ...
cellular respiration
... This concentration gradient switch on the ATP synthase for CHEMIOSMOSIS. H+ will be pumped back to matrix. This pumping generate ATP ATP synthase add inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ADP ATP ...
... This concentration gradient switch on the ATP synthase for CHEMIOSMOSIS. H+ will be pumped back to matrix. This pumping generate ATP ATP synthase add inorganic phosphate (Pi) to ADP ATP ...
Cellular Respiration - MF011 General Biology 2 (May 2011 Semester)
... Name the four stages of cellular respiration; for each, state the region of the eukaryotic cell where it occurs and the products that result In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration Explain where and how the respiratory electron transport chain creat ...
... Name the four stages of cellular respiration; for each, state the region of the eukaryotic cell where it occurs and the products that result In general terms, explain the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration Explain where and how the respiratory electron transport chain creat ...
Cell Energy Part 1 – ATP
... Cells use ATP molecules for their energy needs As ATP is used up, more is made by the cell Cells need a continuous input of energy in order to keep making ATP ...
... Cells use ATP molecules for their energy needs As ATP is used up, more is made by the cell Cells need a continuous input of energy in order to keep making ATP ...
Fermentation 2015: The ABE process
... producers of industrial chemicals. Despite this, the science behind most renewable chemicals is often poorly understood, due to many processes being protected by the companies and institutions behind the technologies. Fermentation science, however, is an ancient art and most of the details of how fe ...
... producers of industrial chemicals. Despite this, the science behind most renewable chemicals is often poorly understood, due to many processes being protected by the companies and institutions behind the technologies. Fermentation science, however, is an ancient art and most of the details of how fe ...
RACC BIO Cellular respiration
... – As in the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water If cellular respiration took place in one step, all of the energy from glucose would be released at once, most of it would be in the form of heat and light. A living cell doesn’t want to just start a fire, it has to release the energy a littl ...
... – As in the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water If cellular respiration took place in one step, all of the energy from glucose would be released at once, most of it would be in the form of heat and light. A living cell doesn’t want to just start a fire, it has to release the energy a littl ...
Student notes in ppt
... which is also called vitamin B1. A carbon atom on the thiazole ring of TPP is the functional component of the coenzyme and is involved in aldehyde transfer. Thiamin is absorbed in the gut and transported to tissues where it is phosphorylated by the enzyme thiamin kinase in the presence of ATP to for ...
... which is also called vitamin B1. A carbon atom on the thiazole ring of TPP is the functional component of the coenzyme and is involved in aldehyde transfer. Thiamin is absorbed in the gut and transported to tissues where it is phosphorylated by the enzyme thiamin kinase in the presence of ATP to for ...
O - MCDS Biology
... contains much starch but little sugar, such as rice and potato, taste slightly sweet as they are chewed because amylase turns some of their starch into sugar in the mouth. – The pancreas also makes amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are co ...
... contains much starch but little sugar, such as rice and potato, taste slightly sweet as they are chewed because amylase turns some of their starch into sugar in the mouth. – The pancreas also makes amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are co ...
Energy Transformation — Cellular Respiration
... perfringens and C. sporogenes are the two anaerobic bacteria associated with the disease gas gangrene. A gangrenous wound is a foul-smelling infection resulting from the fermentation activities of those two bacteria. Because many disease-causing organisms are prokaryotic and have somewhat different ...
... perfringens and C. sporogenes are the two anaerobic bacteria associated with the disease gas gangrene. A gangrenous wound is a foul-smelling infection resulting from the fermentation activities of those two bacteria. Because many disease-causing organisms are prokaryotic and have somewhat different ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are ma ...
... Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are ma ...
Biological Catalysts
... covalent bonds (disulphide bridges) & hydrophobic interactions between the amino acid side chains. Enzymes are tertiary structures, and not quaternary as they contain just one polypeptide chain rather than several polypeptides that make up the quaternary structure. ...
... covalent bonds (disulphide bridges) & hydrophobic interactions between the amino acid side chains. Enzymes are tertiary structures, and not quaternary as they contain just one polypeptide chain rather than several polypeptides that make up the quaternary structure. ...
Biochemistry - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... Enzymes special proteins that are biological catalyst lock & key fit with enzyme & substrate substrate – is the substance that binds to enzyme substrate changes enzyme does not ...
... Enzymes special proteins that are biological catalyst lock & key fit with enzyme & substrate substrate – is the substance that binds to enzyme substrate changes enzyme does not ...
Lecture 9: Biological Pathway Simulation
... We begin with a very simple imaginary metabolic network represented as a directed graph: ...
... We begin with a very simple imaginary metabolic network represented as a directed graph: ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
... • Compare to ATP phosphate hydrolysis at -30 kJ/mole • We preserve that energy by making GTP • This reaction utilizes a swinging histidine side chain to transfer the PO42- group from succinyl phosphate to ...
Chapter 9: Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle
... This conversion occurs in 3 steps: 1) carboxyl group removed & given off as CO2 (2 CO2 produced, 1 for each pyruvate) 2) each remaining 2-C fragment is oxidized forming acetate; the extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, forming NADH (2 NADH produced, 1 for each fragment). ...
... This conversion occurs in 3 steps: 1) carboxyl group removed & given off as CO2 (2 CO2 produced, 1 for each pyruvate) 2) each remaining 2-C fragment is oxidized forming acetate; the extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, forming NADH (2 NADH produced, 1 for each fragment). ...
Fluid Mosaic Model
... consists of one or more stretches of nonpolar amino acids hydrophilic parts are exposed on either end of the bilayer ...
... consists of one or more stretches of nonpolar amino acids hydrophilic parts are exposed on either end of the bilayer ...
chapter 8 section 3 notes
... lost to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is released into the air. This reaction is the source of nearly all of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere. The H+ ions are released inside the thylakoid. ...
... lost to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is released into the air. This reaction is the source of nearly all of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere. The H+ ions are released inside the thylakoid. ...
Organic Chemistry
... are the best oxidizing agents Elements at the bottom lose electrons more readily, have more negative Eo values and are the best reducing agents The more positive the Eo1/2, the more it tends to occur. ...
... are the best oxidizing agents Elements at the bottom lose electrons more readily, have more negative Eo values and are the best reducing agents The more positive the Eo1/2, the more it tends to occur. ...
2.3 Biomolecules Hon
... Organic: contains carbon and hydrogen ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
... Organic: contains carbon and hydrogen ◦ All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Monomer: created when C,H,O, N, P bond together to form small molecules Polymer: large compounds that are formed by joining monomers together ...
Unit 3 Biochemistry Chp 2 The Chemistry of Life Notes
... Examples: starch (made by plants) and glycogen (made by animals). Both of these are made of hundreds of linked glucose molecules. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides structural support for plants. Humans cannot digest cellulose. Lipids: Lipids = nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mos ...
... Examples: starch (made by plants) and glycogen (made by animals). Both of these are made of hundreds of linked glucose molecules. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides structural support for plants. Humans cannot digest cellulose. Lipids: Lipids = nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mos ...
Slide 1
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
... Liver cells have a responsibility to support blood glucose levels by first releasing glucose from their internal glycogen stores, and if necessary synthesizing glucose from amino acids. They will shut down glycolysis and rely on other energy sources for their own needs under these conditions. Liver ...
Updated Recovery Packet for Biochemistry.
... What is a base? ___________________________________ Give an example of a base:________________________________ What is a buffer? _______________________________________ Give an example of a buffer: __________________________________ What is the pH scale? _________________________________________ Fro ...
... What is a base? ___________________________________ Give an example of a base:________________________________ What is a buffer? _______________________________________ Give an example of a buffer: __________________________________ What is the pH scale? _________________________________________ Fro ...
CHE-09 Biochemistry
... example of substrate level phosphorylation. Explain how? How is the proton motive force determined during oxidative phosphorylation? What would happen if the mitochondrial membrane became permeable to protons freely? In an actively working muscle there is a lot of glycolytic activity. Explain why? W ...
... example of substrate level phosphorylation. Explain how? How is the proton motive force determined during oxidative phosphorylation? What would happen if the mitochondrial membrane became permeable to protons freely? In an actively working muscle there is a lot of glycolytic activity. Explain why? W ...
Glycolysis - medscistudents
... pyruvate in the tissues with mitochondria (aerobic) If anaerobic conditions prevail, the reoxidation of NADH formed in reaction 5 is by transfer of reducing equivalents through respiratory chain to oxygen is prevented and get reoxidised by conversion of pyruvate to lactate by LDH Tissues that functi ...
... pyruvate in the tissues with mitochondria (aerobic) If anaerobic conditions prevail, the reoxidation of NADH formed in reaction 5 is by transfer of reducing equivalents through respiratory chain to oxygen is prevented and get reoxidised by conversion of pyruvate to lactate by LDH Tissues that functi ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.