Chap 7 Energy from Food
... How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this ...
... How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this ...
Chapter 12: Bioenergetics
... Multiple “food” molecules get converted into a small number of common C2 and C4 molecules These C2/C4 molecules enter the center of the mitochondria where they are “processed” by the citric acid pathway The citric acid pathway gives H+ and e- which are used to generate NADH and FADH2 These are e-, H ...
... Multiple “food” molecules get converted into a small number of common C2 and C4 molecules These C2/C4 molecules enter the center of the mitochondria where they are “processed” by the citric acid pathway The citric acid pathway gives H+ and e- which are used to generate NADH and FADH2 These are e-, H ...
Regents Biology
... If energy is released from a fuel all at once, it cannot be harnessed efficiently for constructive work For example, if a gasoline tank explodes, it cannot drive a car very far. ...
... If energy is released from a fuel all at once, it cannot be harnessed efficiently for constructive work For example, if a gasoline tank explodes, it cannot drive a car very far. ...
SI Session 10/03/14 *The less stable you are, the higher free energy
... from surroundings and it accelerates the reactants to where they collide more often and unstable so bonds will break. Unstable condition = transition state. 9. Why is addition of heat inappropriate for biological systems? 1. high temperature denatures proteins and kills cells 2. Heat speeds up all r ...
... from surroundings and it accelerates the reactants to where they collide more often and unstable so bonds will break. Unstable condition = transition state. 9. Why is addition of heat inappropriate for biological systems? 1. high temperature denatures proteins and kills cells 2. Heat speeds up all r ...
new04CH4E28.62W
... Metabolic By-Products and Fatigue w Short duration activities depend on anaerobic glycolysis and produce lactate and H+. w Cells buffer H+ with bicarbonate (HCO3) to keep cell pH between 6.4 and 7.1. w Intercellular pH lower than 6.9, however, slows glycolysis and ATP production. w When pH reaches ...
... Metabolic By-Products and Fatigue w Short duration activities depend on anaerobic glycolysis and produce lactate and H+. w Cells buffer H+ with bicarbonate (HCO3) to keep cell pH between 6.4 and 7.1. w Intercellular pH lower than 6.9, however, slows glycolysis and ATP production. w When pH reaches ...
Energy Systems PPT
... minutes provided that: a) working muscles have sufficient mitochondria to meet energy requirements b) sufficient oxygen is supplied to the mitochondria c) enzymes or intermediate products do not limit the Kreb’s cycle ...
... minutes provided that: a) working muscles have sufficient mitochondria to meet energy requirements b) sufficient oxygen is supplied to the mitochondria c) enzymes or intermediate products do not limit the Kreb’s cycle ...
Cellular Respiration
... Open the TI-Nspire document Cellular_Respiration.tns. All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Ce ...
... Open the TI-Nspire document Cellular_Respiration.tns. All living things require energy to stay alive. Most of this energy comes from food, often in the form of glucose. Cells share common pathways to metabolize food molecules like glucose into usable forms of energy, and these pathways are called Ce ...
Enzyme Notes
... Many enzymes are _______________. Changes in temperature and pH can change a protein’s ____________. (also known as denaturing) If an enzyme changes shape, it won’t work well. Most enzymes need a certain range of temperatures and pH. Metabolism Cells get most of the energy needed for metabolism by b ...
... Many enzymes are _______________. Changes in temperature and pH can change a protein’s ____________. (also known as denaturing) If an enzyme changes shape, it won’t work well. Most enzymes need a certain range of temperatures and pH. Metabolism Cells get most of the energy needed for metabolism by b ...
Pyruvic acid is a valuable chemical intermediate in the production of
... and Bioprocessing. High density, double recombinant, P. pastoris fermentation (100 g cells/L) was achieved at the 30 L scale. After fermentation, these cells were treated with a proprietary process (2) to enable whole-cell biocatalysis and increase enzyme activity (85 U/g cells‡ for GO, 200 U/g cell ...
... and Bioprocessing. High density, double recombinant, P. pastoris fermentation (100 g cells/L) was achieved at the 30 L scale. After fermentation, these cells were treated with a proprietary process (2) to enable whole-cell biocatalysis and increase enzyme activity (85 U/g cells‡ for GO, 200 U/g cell ...
Unit 8 Practice Test (Chapter 9)
... a. lactic acid and yields carbon dioxide. b. glucose and yields 32 ATPs. c. pyruvic acid and yields lactic acid or alcohol. d. pyruvic acid and yields carbon dioxide. ____ 29. The electron transport chain can be found in a. prokaryotes. c. plants. b. animals. d. all of the above ____ 30. In eukaryot ...
... a. lactic acid and yields carbon dioxide. b. glucose and yields 32 ATPs. c. pyruvic acid and yields lactic acid or alcohol. d. pyruvic acid and yields carbon dioxide. ____ 29. The electron transport chain can be found in a. prokaryotes. c. plants. b. animals. d. all of the above ____ 30. In eukaryot ...
Cellular Respiration
... and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of organic molecules, and – generates many NADH and FADH2 molecules. ...
... and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of organic molecules, and – generates many NADH and FADH2 molecules. ...
BIOL241cell3JUN2012
... • Carrier-‐mediated transport of ions and organic substrates into or out of the cell down their concentraDon gradient. SDll passive • Can also be called passive carrier-‐mediated transport Note: if energ ...
... • Carrier-‐mediated transport of ions and organic substrates into or out of the cell down their concentraDon gradient. SDll passive • Can also be called passive carrier-‐mediated transport Note: if energ ...
chapt06HOv2.ppt
... § Precursor metabolites are intermediates of catabolism that can be used in anabolism • Serve as carbon skeletons for building macromolecules • E.g., pyruvate can be converted into amino acids alanine, leucine, or valine ...
... § Precursor metabolites are intermediates of catabolism that can be used in anabolism • Serve as carbon skeletons for building macromolecules • E.g., pyruvate can be converted into amino acids alanine, leucine, or valine ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... Net Result of the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • Net oxidation of two carbons to CO2 ...
... Net Result of the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • Net oxidation of two carbons to CO2 ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 16. What are the laws of thermodynamics? 17. Write about acid-base balance. 18. Explain the role of metals as cofactors of Enzymes. 19. Draw the structure of purines and pyrimidines. 20. List the phospholipids of membrane. SECTION B V. Answer any five questions, each in not more than 350 words (5X8= ...
... 16. What are the laws of thermodynamics? 17. Write about acid-base balance. 18. Explain the role of metals as cofactors of Enzymes. 19. Draw the structure of purines and pyrimidines. 20. List the phospholipids of membrane. SECTION B V. Answer any five questions, each in not more than 350 words (5X8= ...
Nutrition, Metabolism and Thermoregulation
... Ah, glucose -- ah, sugar sugar --You help me make ATPWhen my predators are chasing me. Ah, glucose -- you're an aldehyde sugar, And you're sweeter than a woman's kiss 'Cause I need you for glycolysis. I just can't believe the way my muscles break you down. (My glycogen is almost ...
... Ah, glucose -- ah, sugar sugar --You help me make ATPWhen my predators are chasing me. Ah, glucose -- you're an aldehyde sugar, And you're sweeter than a woman's kiss 'Cause I need you for glycolysis. I just can't believe the way my muscles break you down. (My glycogen is almost ...
Bio130_MidtermReviewPart3
... • Chain of redox carriers that receive electrons from reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2) • ETS shuttles electrons down the chain, energy is released and subsequently captured and used by ATP synthase complexes to produce ATP – Oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Chain of redox carriers that receive electrons from reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2) • ETS shuttles electrons down the chain, energy is released and subsequently captured and used by ATP synthase complexes to produce ATP – Oxidative phosphorylation ...
NADH - Cloudfront.net
... Electron Transport Chain • A chemical reaction that uses high energy electrons made in the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. • Aerobic – means with oxygen • Anaerobic – means without oxygen ...
... Electron Transport Chain • A chemical reaction that uses high energy electrons made in the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP. • Aerobic – means with oxygen • Anaerobic – means without oxygen ...
4 Metabolism and Enzymes
... electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2) in aerobes. • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. Obligate anaerobes pe ...
... electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2) in aerobes. • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operations under anaerobic conditions. Obligate anaerobes pe ...
Chapter 7 – Cellular Respiration
... Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released ...
... Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released ...
Name: Cell Biology Unit Test #1
... 23) True/False: A chemical reaction in the cytosol that has a large Positive value (+6.5) for its Delta G could run if ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi at the same time. A) True B) False 24) True/False: Enzymes lower the activation energy by stabilizing the transition state of reactions. a) True b) F ...
... 23) True/False: A chemical reaction in the cytosol that has a large Positive value (+6.5) for its Delta G could run if ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi at the same time. A) True B) False 24) True/False: Enzymes lower the activation energy by stabilizing the transition state of reactions. a) True b) F ...
Biochem Fall 2011 Sample Exam I – Protein Structure
... 1. Primary Structure and amino acid chemistry The peptide hormones vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin each contain only nine amino acids. Vasopressin is an antidiuretic: even at low doses it controls the resorption of water by the distal tubules of the kidneys and regulates the osmotic content of blood. ...
... 1. Primary Structure and amino acid chemistry The peptide hormones vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin each contain only nine amino acids. Vasopressin is an antidiuretic: even at low doses it controls the resorption of water by the distal tubules of the kidneys and regulates the osmotic content of blood. ...
Exam Review Part 2: Energy Conversions, Enezymes, and Cells
... (1) occurs in mitochondrial matrix (2) also called the citric acid cycle (3) occurs twice (one for each acetyl co-a) (4) Pyruvate is oxidized further and carbon dioxide is released; ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate via substrate level phosphorylation and electrons are captured by ...
... (1) occurs in mitochondrial matrix (2) also called the citric acid cycle (3) occurs twice (one for each acetyl co-a) (4) Pyruvate is oxidized further and carbon dioxide is released; ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate via substrate level phosphorylation and electrons are captured by ...
3070 Lecture - Vitamins - Weber State University
... • The same overall reactions occur in living systems, but through a variety of metabolic steps that conserve the energy along the way, storing the free energy in chemical intermediates. This makes metabolism much more efficient than simple combustion. ...
... • The same overall reactions occur in living systems, but through a variety of metabolic steps that conserve the energy along the way, storing the free energy in chemical intermediates. This makes metabolism much more efficient than simple combustion. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.