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Worksheet 4 - Periodic Trends A number of physical and chemical
... When an electron is removed from an atom the repulsion between the remaining electrons decreases. The nuclear charge remains constant, so more energy is required to remove another electron from the positively charged ion. This means that, I1 < I2 < I3 < ..., for any given atom. Going down a group t ...
... When an electron is removed from an atom the repulsion between the remaining electrons decreases. The nuclear charge remains constant, so more energy is required to remove another electron from the positively charged ion. This means that, I1 < I2 < I3 < ..., for any given atom. Going down a group t ...
Lecture 29
... 1) DnaK with “lid” in open conformation, ATP bound low ATPase activity (3x104 s’) 2) Substrate and DnaJ bind OR DnaJ interacts with substrate and delivers it to DnaK, Now substrate is bound to DnaK (loosely), Binding of DnaJ accelerates the ATPase activity by I 0” 3) ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Dna ...
... 1) DnaK with “lid” in open conformation, ATP bound low ATPase activity (3x104 s’) 2) Substrate and DnaJ bind OR DnaJ interacts with substrate and delivers it to DnaK, Now substrate is bound to DnaK (loosely), Binding of DnaJ accelerates the ATPase activity by I 0” 3) ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Dna ...
rll 24.5 The citric ocid cycle
... doing the metabolism has plenty of oxygen available.\Mhat if it does not? We know that the mitochondria of aerobic cells need oxygen so that the electron transport chain can opelate. \Mhen there is no oxygen available to drain electrons from NADH and FADH2 in respiration, the electron carriers of th ...
... doing the metabolism has plenty of oxygen available.\Mhat if it does not? We know that the mitochondria of aerobic cells need oxygen so that the electron transport chain can opelate. \Mhen there is no oxygen available to drain electrons from NADH and FADH2 in respiration, the electron carriers of th ...
1. Fatty acids are broken down by the ß
... Deficient cAMP dependent protein kinase leading to inability to phosphorylate and down-regulate pyruvate kinase. ...
... Deficient cAMP dependent protein kinase leading to inability to phosphorylate and down-regulate pyruvate kinase. ...
Organic vs. Inorganic
... enzyme that can break down a long protein into smaller chains called peptides • Amylases - breaks down starch chains into ...
... enzyme that can break down a long protein into smaller chains called peptides • Amylases - breaks down starch chains into ...
Chapter 6 PowerPoint
... – 200 molecules of carbonic acid per hour made without enzyme – 600,000 molecules formed per second with enzyme ...
... – 200 molecules of carbonic acid per hour made without enzyme – 600,000 molecules formed per second with enzyme ...
lec32_F2015
... CoA is a central intermediate Anabolic role: TCA cycle provides starting material for fats and amino acids. Note: carbohydrates cannot be synthesized from acetyl-CoA by humans. PyruvateAcetyl CoA is one way! In contrast to glycolysis, none of the intermediates are phosphorylated; but all are ei ...
... CoA is a central intermediate Anabolic role: TCA cycle provides starting material for fats and amino acids. Note: carbohydrates cannot be synthesized from acetyl-CoA by humans. PyruvateAcetyl CoA is one way! In contrast to glycolysis, none of the intermediates are phosphorylated; but all are ei ...
File - Buford`s Biology Buzz
... a. less than 7. b. between 7 and 14. c. a negative number. d. more than 7. 31. Ionic bonds form between molecules that have a. opposite charges. b. the same charge. c. no charges. d. neutral charges. 32. Water is a polar molecule because a. it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. b. it ...
... a. less than 7. b. between 7 and 14. c. a negative number. d. more than 7. 31. Ionic bonds form between molecules that have a. opposite charges. b. the same charge. c. no charges. d. neutral charges. 32. Water is a polar molecule because a. it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. b. it ...
Product Information Sheet - Sigma
... Equine muscle source, high purity (not less than 99%), low vanadium content (less than 1 ppm), recommended for general enzyme applications and bioluminescent experiments, and a very stable material in crystalline form and in neutral aqueous solutions. A3147 is a vial containing 10 micrograms of A539 ...
... Equine muscle source, high purity (not less than 99%), low vanadium content (less than 1 ppm), recommended for general enzyme applications and bioluminescent experiments, and a very stable material in crystalline form and in neutral aqueous solutions. A3147 is a vial containing 10 micrograms of A539 ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP Copyright © 2005 Pearson Educati ...
... transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP Copyright © 2005 Pearson Educati ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP Copyright © 2005 Pearson Educati ...
... transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an energy-yielding tumble • The energy yielded is used to regenerate ATP Copyright © 2005 Pearson Educati ...
CHEM 121 Chp 2 Spaulding
... tightly are lower in energy Electrons farther from the nucleus are held less tightly and are higher in energy The farther a shell is from the nucleus, the larger its volume, and the more electrons it can hold ...
... tightly are lower in energy Electrons farther from the nucleus are held less tightly and are higher in energy The farther a shell is from the nucleus, the larger its volume, and the more electrons it can hold ...
壹 - 國立彰化師範大學圖書館
... (A) hydrolyze peptide bonds involving the carboxyl group of serine residues. (B) are characterized by having several active sites per molecule, each containing a serine residue. (C) are inactivated by reacting with one molecule of diisopropylfluorophosphate per molecule of protein. (D) are exopeptid ...
... (A) hydrolyze peptide bonds involving the carboxyl group of serine residues. (B) are characterized by having several active sites per molecule, each containing a serine residue. (C) are inactivated by reacting with one molecule of diisopropylfluorophosphate per molecule of protein. (D) are exopeptid ...
Generation of Biochemical Energy
... • A mitochondrion (singular of mitochondria) is part of every cells. Mitochondria are responsible for processing oxygen and converting substances from the foods we eat into energy for essential cell functions. • Mitochondria produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used ...
... • A mitochondrion (singular of mitochondria) is part of every cells. Mitochondria are responsible for processing oxygen and converting substances from the foods we eat into energy for essential cell functions. • Mitochondria produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used ...
Slide 1
... 6.5 Cells tap energy from electrons “falling” from organic fuels to oxygen • The energy available to a cell is contained in the arrangement of electrons in chemical bonds • Electrons lose potential energy when they “fall” from organic compounds to oxygen during cellular respiration • Each step of ...
... 6.5 Cells tap energy from electrons “falling” from organic fuels to oxygen • The energy available to a cell is contained in the arrangement of electrons in chemical bonds • Electrons lose potential energy when they “fall” from organic compounds to oxygen during cellular respiration • Each step of ...
Sugar
... their total cholesterol levels decreased only by 1%. What researchers did discover was that individuals who consumed eggs also consumed bacon, ham, butter, and other food products that could contribute to high cholesterol levels. Not only do these foods have high cholesterol, they also contain high ...
... their total cholesterol levels decreased only by 1%. What researchers did discover was that individuals who consumed eggs also consumed bacon, ham, butter, and other food products that could contribute to high cholesterol levels. Not only do these foods have high cholesterol, they also contain high ...
continued
... – Metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis and leads to the Krebs cycle. – NADH and FADH2 molecules transport hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain, where ATP is produced from ADP. ...
... – Metabolism of blood glucose and muscle glycogen begins with glycolysis and leads to the Krebs cycle. – NADH and FADH2 molecules transport hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain, where ATP is produced from ADP. ...
Lecture 2 Glycolysis
... of glycolysis. • Pyruvate is used for biosynthesis of many amino acids • Can also be turned into other metabolites which enter other biosynthetic pathways • Pyruvate can undergo oxidative decarboxylation to make acetyl‐CoA, which is also widely used for both energy generation and for biosynthesis ...
... of glycolysis. • Pyruvate is used for biosynthesis of many amino acids • Can also be turned into other metabolites which enter other biosynthetic pathways • Pyruvate can undergo oxidative decarboxylation to make acetyl‐CoA, which is also widely used for both energy generation and for biosynthesis ...
Metabolism II
... amino acids converted into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA can be converted into lipids by the lipogenesis process. If carbohydrates are lacking in the diet or if glucose cannot get into the cells (as in diabetes), then those amino acids converted into pyruvic acid and oxaloacetic acids can be converted ...
... amino acids converted into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA can be converted into lipids by the lipogenesis process. If carbohydrates are lacking in the diet or if glucose cannot get into the cells (as in diabetes), then those amino acids converted into pyruvic acid and oxaloacetic acids can be converted ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism Glucose Metabolism Oxidation of Glucose
... Glycolysis ( first stage ) A series of reactions by which each molecule of glucose ( 6-carbon compound ) is converted to two molecules of pyruvate ( 3-carbon compound ) as end product . It is cytosolic pathway taking place in all the cells of the body . Pyruvate is then transported into mitochondria ...
... Glycolysis ( first stage ) A series of reactions by which each molecule of glucose ( 6-carbon compound ) is converted to two molecules of pyruvate ( 3-carbon compound ) as end product . It is cytosolic pathway taking place in all the cells of the body . Pyruvate is then transported into mitochondria ...
Chapter 04 - Lecture Outline
... Most metabolic reactions depend on chemical energy. a. This form of energy is held within the chemical bonds that link atoms into molecules. b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used ...
... Most metabolic reactions depend on chemical energy. a. This form of energy is held within the chemical bonds that link atoms into molecules. b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used ...
AP Biology Chapter Objectives – Campbell 7th Edition Modified from
... 1. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. 2. Distinguish between photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs. 3. Describe the structure of a chloroplast, listing all membranes and compartments. The Pathways of Photosynthesis 4. Write a summary equation for photosynthesis. 5. Explain va ...
... 1. Distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition. 2. Distinguish between photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs. 3. Describe the structure of a chloroplast, listing all membranes and compartments. The Pathways of Photosynthesis 4. Write a summary equation for photosynthesis. 5. Explain va ...
生物化學小考(一) 範圍ch1~ch4
... (E)Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form because glycolysis does not occur. 9. Which of the following compounds cannot serve as the starting material for the synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis? (A) acetate (B) glycerol (C) lactate (D) oxaloacetate (E) α-ketoglutarate 10. Which of t ...
... (E)Under anaerobic conditions pyruvate does not form because glycolysis does not occur. 9. Which of the following compounds cannot serve as the starting material for the synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis? (A) acetate (B) glycerol (C) lactate (D) oxaloacetate (E) α-ketoglutarate 10. Which of t ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.