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Estimating bacterial surface contamination by means of ATP
... Mulvey and co-workers1 have recently added their voices to calls for the imposition within healthcare facilities of quantitative standards for monitoring surface cleanliness. These are generally expressed as surface concentrations of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and quoted as colony forming units ...
... Mulvey and co-workers1 have recently added their voices to calls for the imposition within healthcare facilities of quantitative standards for monitoring surface cleanliness. These are generally expressed as surface concentrations of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and quoted as colony forming units ...
File - Biology withMrs. Ellsworth
... Adhesion causes H2O molecules to hold to XYLEM TUBES in plants. This adhesion combined with the cohesive property of water causes the H2O molecules to move upward ...
... Adhesion causes H2O molecules to hold to XYLEM TUBES in plants. This adhesion combined with the cohesive property of water causes the H2O molecules to move upward ...
Outline - Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis
... molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) (total of 6 carbons) ...
... molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) (total of 6 carbons) ...
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
... (iii) The synthesis of large molecules from simple precursor molecules (this occurs via biosynthetic pathways). Different organisms obtain this energy from various sources like sunlight, oxidation of foodstuff, etc. The cells of the organism then carry out thousands of chemical reactions in order to ...
... (iii) The synthesis of large molecules from simple precursor molecules (this occurs via biosynthetic pathways). Different organisms obtain this energy from various sources like sunlight, oxidation of foodstuff, etc. The cells of the organism then carry out thousands of chemical reactions in order to ...
Bacterial Rhodopsin Light-driven Proton Pump
... MC (2.A.29) – “Uncoupling” Proteins. They may shuttle the carboxylate end of fatty acids to facilitate downhill H+ transport Porter RK (2008) Uncoupling protein 1: a short-circuit in the chemiosmotic process. J Bioeng Biomembr ...
... MC (2.A.29) – “Uncoupling” Proteins. They may shuttle the carboxylate end of fatty acids to facilitate downhill H+ transport Porter RK (2008) Uncoupling protein 1: a short-circuit in the chemiosmotic process. J Bioeng Biomembr ...
Exam 2
... membrane potential of –120mv (interior negative). This “proton-motive” force can be used to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate inside the cell. Here is some more information that may be useful as you solve the problems below: temp. = 37°C [ATP] = 5 mM [ADP] = 1 mM [phosphate] = 2 mM for ATP hydro ...
... membrane potential of –120mv (interior negative). This “proton-motive” force can be used to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate inside the cell. Here is some more information that may be useful as you solve the problems below: temp. = 37°C [ATP] = 5 mM [ADP] = 1 mM [phosphate] = 2 mM for ATP hydro ...
TRUE or FALSE - GEOCITIES.ws
... Ca++ is a second messenger for some hormones and neurotransmitters The cytosolic free Ca++ concentration is higher than the extracellular concentration Ca++ increase in a nerve terminal stimulates the release of acetylcholine The cytosolic free Ca++ concentration is lower than the extracellular conc ...
... Ca++ is a second messenger for some hormones and neurotransmitters The cytosolic free Ca++ concentration is higher than the extracellular concentration Ca++ increase in a nerve terminal stimulates the release of acetylcholine The cytosolic free Ca++ concentration is lower than the extracellular conc ...
BIO105 old FINAL EXAM
... E) neutron number 48) ____ In the symbol for chlorine above, what does the 35 refer to: A) ionic charge B) atomic number C) atomic mass D) element number E) neutron number 49) ____ How many protons are in an atom of chlorine shown above? A) 1 B) 15 C) 20 D) 35 E) 50 50) _____ Which of the following ...
... E) neutron number 48) ____ In the symbol for chlorine above, what does the 35 refer to: A) ionic charge B) atomic number C) atomic mass D) element number E) neutron number 49) ____ How many protons are in an atom of chlorine shown above? A) 1 B) 15 C) 20 D) 35 E) 50 50) _____ Which of the following ...
Biomolecules Test Review -KEY
... 9. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid? Which is better for you? Why? Saturated fatty acid- single bonds, straight and tightly packed. Solid at room temperature. (Bad for us!) Unsaturated fatty acid- double bonds bend the tails and it’s crooked (not straight). Liquid ...
... 9. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid? Which is better for you? Why? Saturated fatty acid- single bonds, straight and tightly packed. Solid at room temperature. (Bad for us!) Unsaturated fatty acid- double bonds bend the tails and it’s crooked (not straight). Liquid ...
Biomolecule Test Review 2015
... 9. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid? Which is better for you? Why? Saturated fatty acid- single bonds, straight and tightly packed. Solid at room temperature. (Bad for us!) Unsaturated fatty acid- double bonds bend the tails and it’s crooked (not straight). Liquid ...
... 9. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid? Which is better for you? Why? Saturated fatty acid- single bonds, straight and tightly packed. Solid at room temperature. (Bad for us!) Unsaturated fatty acid- double bonds bend the tails and it’s crooked (not straight). Liquid ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... Inhibiting PDH-phosphorylase kinase would activate PDH, which allow the citric acid cycle to function at its full rate, thus maintain aerobic conditions. Limiting anaerobic conditions would impede the proliferation of cancer cells ...
... Inhibiting PDH-phosphorylase kinase would activate PDH, which allow the citric acid cycle to function at its full rate, thus maintain aerobic conditions. Limiting anaerobic conditions would impede the proliferation of cancer cells ...
Chapter 9b - Richsingiser.com
... Biological Membranes? • Transport processes are vital for all life forms • Cells must be able to import nutrients and export waste • All cells maintain concentration gradients of various metabolites across the plasma membrane and other intracellular membranes • Many transport processes involve movem ...
... Biological Membranes? • Transport processes are vital for all life forms • Cells must be able to import nutrients and export waste • All cells maintain concentration gradients of various metabolites across the plasma membrane and other intracellular membranes • Many transport processes involve movem ...
SL respiration presentation
... completely oxidises a mitochondrion glucose molecule • Pyruvate loses a CO2 • Anaerobic respira,on molecule and becomes does not completely acetyl CoA oxidise glucose – ethanol, lactate and • Krebs cycle ...
... completely oxidises a mitochondrion glucose molecule • Pyruvate loses a CO2 • Anaerobic respira,on molecule and becomes does not completely acetyl CoA oxidise glucose – ethanol, lactate and • Krebs cycle ...
GLYCOLYSIS (1).
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
Information Sheet
... Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid from pyruvate; alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of pyruvate into ...
... Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). Homolactic fermentation is the production of lactic acid from pyruvate; alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of pyruvate into ...
CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
Enzymes & Photosynthesis
... NADP+ Reductase this enzyme reduces NADP+ into NADPH. • Redox Reactions- 2 molecules exchanging e- ...
... NADP+ Reductase this enzyme reduces NADP+ into NADPH. • Redox Reactions- 2 molecules exchanging e- ...
powerpoint
... Methotrexate Chemotherapy Patients given sufficient methotrexate that if were not followed by Leucovorin (N5-methenyl-THF) would be fatal. – All neoplastic cells are killed ...
... Methotrexate Chemotherapy Patients given sufficient methotrexate that if were not followed by Leucovorin (N5-methenyl-THF) would be fatal. – All neoplastic cells are killed ...
All the following is correct about ribosomes EXCEPT
... The simplest carbohydrates are a. Disaccharides b Polysaccharides c. monosacchridse d. all of the above ...
... The simplest carbohydrates are a. Disaccharides b Polysaccharides c. monosacchridse d. all of the above ...
How Microcurrent Stimulation Produces ATP – One
... At this point, hydrogen ATPase is activated by the high intramembrane content of hydrogen and activates ATP production. This is accomplished by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP (see Figure 1, except note that the process will basically run in reverse to form ATP). This process is ...
... At this point, hydrogen ATPase is activated by the high intramembrane content of hydrogen and activates ATP production. This is accomplished by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP (see Figure 1, except note that the process will basically run in reverse to form ATP). This process is ...
Lecture 15a
... Fe++, Fe+++, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, or Co++. 2. Metal-activated enzymes- loosely bind ions Na+, K+, Mg++, or Ca++. They participate in one of three ways: a. They bind substrates to orient then for catalysis b. Through redox reactions gain or loss of electrons. c. electrostatic stabilization or negative c ...
... Fe++, Fe+++, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, or Co++. 2. Metal-activated enzymes- loosely bind ions Na+, K+, Mg++, or Ca++. They participate in one of three ways: a. They bind substrates to orient then for catalysis b. Through redox reactions gain or loss of electrons. c. electrostatic stabilization or negative c ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.