Chap 3 - CRCBiologyY11
... • The basic unit of any CHO is a sugar molecule called a monosaccharide, the most common being glucose. • Monosaccharide's combine in different ways to form polysaccharides. • A sugar that contains one or two monosaccharide’s are sometimes called simple sugars, while those with three or more are ref ...
... • The basic unit of any CHO is a sugar molecule called a monosaccharide, the most common being glucose. • Monosaccharide's combine in different ways to form polysaccharides. • A sugar that contains one or two monosaccharide’s are sometimes called simple sugars, while those with three or more are ref ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... 3. Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex by allostery and by covalent modification Allosteric regulation - PDH allosterically inhibited by acetyl CoA (E2 component) and NADH (E3 component) - NADH provides electrons for respiratory (electron transport) chain (oxidative phosphorylation) ...
... 3. Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex by allostery and by covalent modification Allosteric regulation - PDH allosterically inhibited by acetyl CoA (E2 component) and NADH (E3 component) - NADH provides electrons for respiratory (electron transport) chain (oxidative phosphorylation) ...
Types of Organic compounds
... • Temporary molecular storage of energy as it is being transferred from exergonic catabolic reactions to cellular activities – muscle contraction, transport of substances across cell membranes, movement of structures within cells and movement of organelles ...
... • Temporary molecular storage of energy as it is being transferred from exergonic catabolic reactions to cellular activities – muscle contraction, transport of substances across cell membranes, movement of structures within cells and movement of organelles ...
Overview of Metabolism Chapter
... respiration (Figure 7). The electron transport chain consists of various proteins embedded in the mitochondrial membrane (complexes I –IV), as well as some mobile electron carriers (ubiquinone and cytochrome c). Electrons are passed through the carriers, eventually ending up reducing O2 to form wate ...
... respiration (Figure 7). The electron transport chain consists of various proteins embedded in the mitochondrial membrane (complexes I –IV), as well as some mobile electron carriers (ubiquinone and cytochrome c). Electrons are passed through the carriers, eventually ending up reducing O2 to form wate ...
video slide
... D. Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism 1. Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space 2. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase 3. ATP synthase uses the exergo ...
... D. Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism 1. Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space 2. H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase 3. ATP synthase uses the exergo ...
Organic molecules - Napa Valley College
... Significant changes in temperature and pH= protein denatura2on ...
... Significant changes in temperature and pH= protein denatura2on ...
ATP-driven Pumps
... [compare F- & V-type ATPases, where no covalent phosphorylation] H2VO4– competes with Pi for binding; stabilizes transition state For this enzyme, E1 is Na+- and ATP-binding [Ca2+ binding for Ca2+-ATPases] E2 is K+-binding ...
... [compare F- & V-type ATPases, where no covalent phosphorylation] H2VO4– competes with Pi for binding; stabilizes transition state For this enzyme, E1 is Na+- and ATP-binding [Ca2+ binding for Ca2+-ATPases] E2 is K+-binding ...
Energy
... As starvation continues, the brain and other tissues are able to switch over to producing up to 50% of their ATP from catabolizing ketone bodies instead of glucose. By the 40th day of starvation, metabolism has stabilized at the use of about 25 g of protein and 180 g of fat each day. So long as adeq ...
... As starvation continues, the brain and other tissues are able to switch over to producing up to 50% of their ATP from catabolizing ketone bodies instead of glucose. By the 40th day of starvation, metabolism has stabilized at the use of about 25 g of protein and 180 g of fat each day. So long as adeq ...
Citric acid cycle ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND
... 6.5 Hydrogen carriers such as NAD+ shuttle electrons in redox reactions • However, ATP will not be produced directly most of the time during cellular respiration. • Instead, enzymes remove electrons from glucose molecules and transfer them to a coenzyme (for example, NAD+) OXIDATION Dehydrogenase a ...
... 6.5 Hydrogen carriers such as NAD+ shuttle electrons in redox reactions • However, ATP will not be produced directly most of the time during cellular respiration. • Instead, enzymes remove electrons from glucose molecules and transfer them to a coenzyme (for example, NAD+) OXIDATION Dehydrogenase a ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. 2. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: ...
... b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. 2. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: ...
Chapter 4 Outline
... b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. 2. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: ...
... b. When the bond breaks, chemical energy is released. c. This release of chemical energy is termed oxidation. d. The released chemical energy can then be used by the cell for anabolism. 2. In cells, enzymes initiate oxidation by: ...
Print › Biochemistry | Quizlet
... or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances compound: pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine covalent bond: type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons electron: negatively charged particle that occupies space ...
... or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances compound: pure substance with unique properties; formed when two or more different elements combine covalent bond: type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons electron: negatively charged particle that occupies space ...
Glycolysis I
... because entry of glucose into the catabolic pathway should closely match the energy needs of the cell, and any leftover glucose should be diverted into anabolic pathways that lead away from glucose-6-P (glycogen synthesis; the pentose phosphate pathway that leads to synthesis of NADPH and various su ...
... because entry of glucose into the catabolic pathway should closely match the energy needs of the cell, and any leftover glucose should be diverted into anabolic pathways that lead away from glucose-6-P (glycogen synthesis; the pentose phosphate pathway that leads to synthesis of NADPH and various su ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy
... Active transport forms a H+ concentration gradient in the outer mitochondrial compartment H+ follows its gradient through ATP synthase, which attaches a phosphate to ADP Finally, oxygen accepts electrons and combines with H+, forming water ...
... Active transport forms a H+ concentration gradient in the outer mitochondrial compartment H+ follows its gradient through ATP synthase, which attaches a phosphate to ADP Finally, oxygen accepts electrons and combines with H+, forming water ...
C - 鄭智美的Homepage
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
... – Is an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work ...
Document
... Active transport forms a H+ concentration gradient in the outer mitochondrial compartment H+ follows its gradient through ATP synthase, which attaches a phosphate to ADP Finally, oxygen accepts electrons and combines with H+, forming water ...
... Active transport forms a H+ concentration gradient in the outer mitochondrial compartment H+ follows its gradient through ATP synthase, which attaches a phosphate to ADP Finally, oxygen accepts electrons and combines with H+, forming water ...
Patriot Day 2 - Lincoln County Schools
... Glucose enters the cell, and while in the cytoplasm, it is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvic acid. Although the cell uses some ATP to begin glycolysis, the overall process produces more ATP than was used to initiate it. For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, a net ...
... Glucose enters the cell, and while in the cytoplasm, it is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules called pyruvic acid. Although the cell uses some ATP to begin glycolysis, the overall process produces more ATP than was used to initiate it. For each molecule of glucose that enters glycolysis, a net ...
Cellular respiration
... • What is the literal translation of glycolysis and why is it an appropriate name? • How many ATP are used and created from the process of glycolysis? • What is the intermediate product made in the citric acid cycle? • How many cycles are involved in the completion of the citric acid cycle? • What ...
... • What is the literal translation of glycolysis and why is it an appropriate name? • How many ATP are used and created from the process of glycolysis? • What is the intermediate product made in the citric acid cycle? • How many cycles are involved in the completion of the citric acid cycle? • What ...
Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
... • A 2-carbon unit Acetyl-CoA is added to the cycle • And two CO2 molecules leave (but they are different carbons…) • During the course of changes in the carbon skeleton and its oxidation state • And the transfer of energy to form GTP (aka. the “Canadian $”) and reducing power, as NADH and FADH2 • It ...
... • A 2-carbon unit Acetyl-CoA is added to the cycle • And two CO2 molecules leave (but they are different carbons…) • During the course of changes in the carbon skeleton and its oxidation state • And the transfer of energy to form GTP (aka. the “Canadian $”) and reducing power, as NADH and FADH2 • It ...
Peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids
... Most of the steps are same as b-oxidation in mitochondria except that the first dehydrogenase is not linked to ETC in proxisomes. Electrons from the first reaction are transferred directly to O2 producing p hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomal enzymes are up-regulated when fat rich diets are consumed. Gen ...
... Most of the steps are same as b-oxidation in mitochondria except that the first dehydrogenase is not linked to ETC in proxisomes. Electrons from the first reaction are transferred directly to O2 producing p hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomal enzymes are up-regulated when fat rich diets are consumed. Gen ...
Microbes in the Biosphere - Bio@Tech
... • Higher-energy molecules are oxidized (lose electrons) • Lower-energy molecules are reduced (gain electrons) • G = -nFE (kJ/mol) – n = # e- transferred – F = Faraday constant – E = redox potential difference ...
... • Higher-energy molecules are oxidized (lose electrons) • Lower-energy molecules are reduced (gain electrons) • G = -nFE (kJ/mol) – n = # e- transferred – F = Faraday constant – E = redox potential difference ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.