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Organic molecules
Organic molecules
Organic molecules are formed for a few elements
ü Carbohydrates
ü Lipids
ü Proteins
ü Nucleic acids
Organic molecules
The have a reactive part.
They always react in the same way.
They can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
monomers=1, dimers= 2, polymers= several Polymeriza5on is the stepwise linking of monomers into polymers Carbohydrates
Sucrose is the source of energy
for plants
Carbohydrates
Amylose. Linear molecule Amylopec2n. Branched molecule Carbohydrates
Storage polysaccharide in prokaryotes,
fungi and animals
Fructans: polymers
of fructose
Stored in higher
concentrations that
starch
Carbohydrates
Hypermastigida
Termite symbiont
* Silverfish Carbohydrates
Chi2n Lipids
• Hydrophobic molecules
• Insoluble in water
• Energy and structural molecules
• Storage molecules
ü Fat
triglycerides ü Oil
ü Phospholipids
ü waxes
Coconut oil
Safflower oil
Palm oil
Peanut oil
Palm kernel oil Corn oil
Lipids
Sterols stabilize the phospholipid tails in the cell membrane Sterol Cholesterol Β-­‐Sitosterol Ergosterol Lipids
Cu2n and suberin form a matrix with embedded waxes Carnauba wax palm (Copernicia cerifera) Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) Proteins
Amino acids: Polymers of nitrogen-­‐containing molecules The most ac2ve proteins are enzymes Significant changes in temperature and pH= protein denatura2on Proteins
The most active proteins are enzymes
Energy molecule
To obtain energy to do cellular work, the cell hydrolizes the ATP, releasing
the stored energy and forming ADP and phosphate once again. The
energy can then be used to drive an endergonic reaction.
Attendance
1.  What is a trans fat?
2. What is the difference
between saturated and
unsaturated fat?
3. How many bonds does a
carbon atom form?
a)  one bond
b)  four bonds
c)  six bonds
4. What are the
characteristics of a
functional group or Rgroup?
5. Which organic molecules
have the defining
characteristic that they do
not dissolve readily in
water?
a)  lipids
b)  carbohydrates
c)  sugars
6. The outer membrane of the
cell is largely made up of
a)  phospholipids.
b)  steroids.
c)  carbohydrates.
7. What is the difference
between condensation
synthesis and hydrolysis?