CM 65% IL red
... Enzymes are protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. Cells contain thousands of different enzymes to control the functions of the cell. Enzymes must physically fit a specific substrate(s) to work properly. The place where a substrate fits an enzyme to be catalyzed is called the active sit ...
... Enzymes are protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. Cells contain thousands of different enzymes to control the functions of the cell. Enzymes must physically fit a specific substrate(s) to work properly. The place where a substrate fits an enzyme to be catalyzed is called the active sit ...
Name ______ Period ___________ Date ______ Cellular
... 1. What types of carbon-based molecules are most often broken down to make ATP? Explain how ATP production differs depending on the type of carbon-based molecule that is broken down. ...
... 1. What types of carbon-based molecules are most often broken down to make ATP? Explain how ATP production differs depending on the type of carbon-based molecule that is broken down. ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... Atomic number – number of protons Mass number – number of protons and neutrons Isotopes – variant forms of an element that differ in mass number Atomic weight – average of the mass numbers of all of the element’s isotopic forms Electron orbitals – volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus wher ...
... Atomic number – number of protons Mass number – number of protons and neutrons Isotopes – variant forms of an element that differ in mass number Atomic weight – average of the mass numbers of all of the element’s isotopic forms Electron orbitals – volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus wher ...
Chemistry B2A Chapter 18 Oxidation
... In some reactions, it is not easy to see the electron loss and gain, so chemists developed another definition of oxidation and reduction: Oxidation is the gain of oxygen atoms and/or the loss of hydrogen atoms. Reduction is the loss of oxygen atoms and/or the gain of hydrogen atoms. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ...
... In some reactions, it is not easy to see the electron loss and gain, so chemists developed another definition of oxidation and reduction: Oxidation is the gain of oxygen atoms and/or the loss of hydrogen atoms. Reduction is the loss of oxygen atoms and/or the gain of hydrogen atoms. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ...
of Glycolysis
... • Phosphofructokinase‐ major control point; first enzyme “unique” to glycolysis • Pyruvate kinase •Phosphofructokinase responds to changes in: • Energy state of the cell (high ATP levels inhibit) • H+ concentration (high lactate levels inhibit) • Availability of alternate fuels such as fatty acids, ...
... • Phosphofructokinase‐ major control point; first enzyme “unique” to glycolysis • Pyruvate kinase •Phosphofructokinase responds to changes in: • Energy state of the cell (high ATP levels inhibit) • H+ concentration (high lactate levels inhibit) • Availability of alternate fuels such as fatty acids, ...
FinalReview
... (yogurt, dairy, pickle), b (wine, beer), (acetone): © Brian Moeskau/McGraw-‐ Hill; (cheese): © Photodisc/McGraw-‐Hill; (Voges-‐Proskauer Test), (Methyl-‐Red Test): © The McGraw-‐Hill Companies, Inc./Auburn University Photog ...
... (yogurt, dairy, pickle), b (wine, beer), (acetone): © Brian Moeskau/McGraw-‐ Hill; (cheese): © Photodisc/McGraw-‐Hill; (Voges-‐Proskauer Test), (Methyl-‐Red Test): © The McGraw-‐Hill Companies, Inc./Auburn University Photog ...
1 MICROBIOLOGY - EBIO 3400 Dr. Steven K. Schmidt 1. In a
... a. reduced / oxidized b. oxidized / reduced c. oxidized / oxidized d. reduced / reduced 5. Which of the following is not a potential electron donor for microbial photosynthesis? a. H2 O b. H2 S c. reduced iron d. O2 e. H2 6. Pseudomonas acidovorans uses a plasmid encoded pathway to break down phenol ...
... a. reduced / oxidized b. oxidized / reduced c. oxidized / oxidized d. reduced / reduced 5. Which of the following is not a potential electron donor for microbial photosynthesis? a. H2 O b. H2 S c. reduced iron d. O2 e. H2 6. Pseudomonas acidovorans uses a plasmid encoded pathway to break down phenol ...
20. Biochemistry of Muscles and Connective Tissue
... Molecule contains about 800 amino acid residues Has globular shape. Is joined into the fibrous cords. ...
... Molecule contains about 800 amino acid residues Has globular shape. Is joined into the fibrous cords. ...
Related Metabolic Processes
... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
... 2. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle connect to many other metabolic pathways • Glycolysis can accept a wide range of carbohydrates. • Polysaccharides, like starch or glycogen, can be hydrolyzed to glucose monomers that enter glycolysis. • Other hexose sugars, like galactose and fructose, can also be ...
Ch 9 Homework Plan - Dublin City Schools
... Complete the Cellular Respiration Review Activity #1 Thursday (Oct. 15th) – Read p. 166-167 (from the “Stages of Cellular Respiration”) and take notes Read p. 170-172 (The Citric Acid cycle completes…”) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.7 - 9.11 Answer the following questi ...
... Complete the Cellular Respiration Review Activity #1 Thursday (Oct. 15th) – Read p. 166-167 (from the “Stages of Cellular Respiration”) and take notes Read p. 170-172 (The Citric Acid cycle completes…”) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.7 - 9.11 Answer the following questi ...
(ATP). - WordPress.com
... • Stops when it runs out of NAD+ (electron carrier) • If oxygen is available: Cellular respiration starts • If oxygen is NOT available, to make more NAD+, your body goes through fermentation. • This way ATP can be made even without Oxygen. ...
... • Stops when it runs out of NAD+ (electron carrier) • If oxygen is available: Cellular respiration starts • If oxygen is NOT available, to make more NAD+, your body goes through fermentation. • This way ATP can be made even without Oxygen. ...
Coenzyme Q = Ubiquinone
... A lipid in inner membrane of mitochondria. Moves freely within membrane. Carries electrons. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) or ubiquinone is essentially a vitamin or vitamin-like substance. ...
... A lipid in inner membrane of mitochondria. Moves freely within membrane. Carries electrons. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10) or ubiquinone is essentially a vitamin or vitamin-like substance. ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... 2. The chemical reactions in CR must occur in a particular sequence, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different (specific) enzyme. There are three major series of reactions: a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain 3. Some enzymes are present in the cell’s cytoplasm, so ...
... 2. The chemical reactions in CR must occur in a particular sequence, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different (specific) enzyme. There are three major series of reactions: a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. electron transport chain 3. Some enzymes are present in the cell’s cytoplasm, so ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 29: Membrane Transport and metabolism
... Acyl carnitine exchanges across the membrane for free carnitine via an antiport carrier, and then on the mitochondrial side carnitine acyl transferase II transfers the acyl group back onto a mitochondrial molecule of HSCoA (Lehninger p. 603). Carnitine acyltransferase I is inhibited by the presence ...
... Acyl carnitine exchanges across the membrane for free carnitine via an antiport carrier, and then on the mitochondrial side carnitine acyl transferase II transfers the acyl group back onto a mitochondrial molecule of HSCoA (Lehninger p. 603). Carnitine acyltransferase I is inhibited by the presence ...
PowerPoint - Michigan State University
... Electrons • Carry a negative charge • Repel one another • Are attracted to protons in the nucleus • Move in orbitals - volumes of space that surround the nucleus Electron Vacancies • Unfilled shells make atoms likely to react • Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen all have vacancies in their outer ...
... Electrons • Carry a negative charge • Repel one another • Are attracted to protons in the nucleus • Move in orbitals - volumes of space that surround the nucleus Electron Vacancies • Unfilled shells make atoms likely to react • Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen all have vacancies in their outer ...
Citrate cycle - 3.LF UK 2015
... b) are located in a mitochondrion c) catalyze freely reverzible reactions d) produce coenzymes which are regenerated in a respiratory chain ...
... b) are located in a mitochondrion c) catalyze freely reverzible reactions d) produce coenzymes which are regenerated in a respiratory chain ...
ProblemSet2answerkey
... that moves both H+ and NO3- into plants cells, with the NO3- movement up its concentration being coupled to the movement of H+ down the concentration gradient that was established by primary active transport. See drawings in the book and lecture notes. ...
... that moves both H+ and NO3- into plants cells, with the NO3- movement up its concentration being coupled to the movement of H+ down the concentration gradient that was established by primary active transport. See drawings in the book and lecture notes. ...
Pyruvic acid is chemically groomed for the Krebs cycle
... CO2 Figure 6.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... CO2 Figure 6.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
04_Sports_training
... 1. Pyruvate can be converted to lactate 2. Pyruvate can be shuttled into the mitochondria ...
... 1. Pyruvate can be converted to lactate 2. Pyruvate can be shuttled into the mitochondria ...
DARK REACTIONS energy utilization The Calvin Cycle
... ATP and reducing potential NADPH + H+ 2. Dark reactions use ATP and reducing potential to synthesize carbohydrates - powers reduction of 3-carbon acid to 3-carbon aldehyde ...
... ATP and reducing potential NADPH + H+ 2. Dark reactions use ATP and reducing potential to synthesize carbohydrates - powers reduction of 3-carbon acid to 3-carbon aldehyde ...
Chem312 Au03 Problem Set 4
... when the electrons are in different orbitals with their spins pointing in the same direction (e.g., all spin up, ↑↑). It is higher energy if the electrons pair in one orbital or even if they have opposite sign (↑↓) in two different orbitals (because when the electrons have opposite spin they can get ...
... when the electrons are in different orbitals with their spins pointing in the same direction (e.g., all spin up, ↑↑). It is higher energy if the electrons pair in one orbital or even if they have opposite sign (↑↓) in two different orbitals (because when the electrons have opposite spin they can get ...
Teacher Quality Grant - Gulf Coast State College
... Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Students will describe the primary functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids in organisms. Items will not refer to intermolecular forces found in th ...
... Students will identify and/or describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids. Students will describe the primary functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and/or nucleic acids in organisms. Items will not refer to intermolecular forces found in th ...
Presentation
... Absence of Oxygen? • 7.4 How Does the Oxidation of Glucose Form ATP? • 7.5 Why Does Cellular Respiration Yield So Much ...
... Absence of Oxygen? • 7.4 How Does the Oxidation of Glucose Form ATP? • 7.5 Why Does Cellular Respiration Yield So Much ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.