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Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training
... Substrate level phosphorylation creates 1 ATP (indirectly through GTP; see section B.5.a. for more details on substrate level phosphorylation) ...
... Substrate level phosphorylation creates 1 ATP (indirectly through GTP; see section B.5.a. for more details on substrate level phosphorylation) ...
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/26)
... Starch – made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular respiration – ONLY IN PLANTS Glycogen – also made up of many glucose ...
... Starch – made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular respiration – ONLY IN PLANTS Glycogen – also made up of many glucose ...
Exam II answer key
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
Exam II
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
Physical Properties - Winthrop University
... • Actually, many reactions are mixtures of Sn1 and Sn2 mechanisms • Many factors affect whether a reaction proceeds via the Sn1 or Sn2 route, including: ...
... • Actually, many reactions are mixtures of Sn1 and Sn2 mechanisms • Many factors affect whether a reaction proceeds via the Sn1 or Sn2 route, including: ...
Chemistry
... Elements can't be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means. Each element displays unique properties (ex. some are gases, some are solids, some are metals, etc.).About 92 elements occur naturally (there are also some man-made elements). Some of the elements important to our study ...
... Elements can't be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means. Each element displays unique properties (ex. some are gases, some are solids, some are metals, etc.).About 92 elements occur naturally (there are also some man-made elements). Some of the elements important to our study ...
Enzymes - Land of Mayo
... bacteria are synthesizing tryptophan and other amino acids bacterium makes an excess of tryptophan tryptophan binds to enzyme used in tryptophan production this binding changes the shape of the enzyme and this inactivates the enzyme no more tryptophan is produced if there is too little t ...
... bacteria are synthesizing tryptophan and other amino acids bacterium makes an excess of tryptophan tryptophan binds to enzyme used in tryptophan production this binding changes the shape of the enzyme and this inactivates the enzyme no more tryptophan is produced if there is too little t ...
Chapter 6 Slides
... – a special type of tissue associated with the generation of heat and – more abundant in hibernating mammals and newborn infants. ...
... – a special type of tissue associated with the generation of heat and – more abundant in hibernating mammals and newborn infants. ...
Completed notes
... travel through the proteins in the ETC. 3. ATP Produced – ATP synthase adds phosphate groups to ADP to make ATP. For each pair of electrons that passes through the ETC, 3 ATPs are made. 4. Water formed – Oxygen enters cellular respiration process & picks up electrons & hydrogen ions to form water. ...
... travel through the proteins in the ETC. 3. ATP Produced – ATP synthase adds phosphate groups to ADP to make ATP. For each pair of electrons that passes through the ETC, 3 ATPs are made. 4. Water formed – Oxygen enters cellular respiration process & picks up electrons & hydrogen ions to form water. ...
ATP
... Just like in photosynthesis. ATP is made by pumping H across ATP synthase to attach a P onto ADP. This is the goal of cellular respiration. ...
... Just like in photosynthesis. ATP is made by pumping H across ATP synthase to attach a P onto ADP. This is the goal of cellular respiration. ...
Lecture 8
... • The entropy of the universe must increase in a spontaneous process, and protein folding is a spontaneous process – When water molecules surround a nonpolar compound, they are restricted in the number of hydrogen bonds then can form which represents a lower entropy – By having the hydrophobic resid ...
... • The entropy of the universe must increase in a spontaneous process, and protein folding is a spontaneous process – When water molecules surround a nonpolar compound, they are restricted in the number of hydrogen bonds then can form which represents a lower entropy – By having the hydrophobic resid ...
Carbon Sodium Boron Iodine Nitrogen Magnesium Cobalt
... Nucleic acids (RNA/DNA) Phospholipids (membranes) Bones ...
... Nucleic acids (RNA/DNA) Phospholipids (membranes) Bones ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... • Process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 • Provides more energy (ATP) from glucose than Glycolysis • Also captures energy stored in lipids and amino acids • Evolutionary origin: developed about 2.5 billion years ago • Used by animals, plants, and many microorganisms • Occurs in three majo ...
... • Process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 • Provides more energy (ATP) from glucose than Glycolysis • Also captures energy stored in lipids and amino acids • Evolutionary origin: developed about 2.5 billion years ago • Used by animals, plants, and many microorganisms • Occurs in three majo ...
1) (1) If Cedric wanted to purify a native protein that was fusing to a
... a) gel-filtration chromatography b) reversed-phase HPLC c) affinity chromatography d) anion-exchange chromatography e) cation-exchange chromatography 2) (1) In comparing the behavior of a 10,000 and 30,000 molecular weight protein using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- ...
... a) gel-filtration chromatography b) reversed-phase HPLC c) affinity chromatography d) anion-exchange chromatography e) cation-exchange chromatography 2) (1) In comparing the behavior of a 10,000 and 30,000 molecular weight protein using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS- ...
Describe
... •The Stages of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration has two stages. •Glycolysis The first stage of cellular respiration is called glycolysis. •Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The second stage of cellular respiration is either aerobic respiration (in the presence of oxygen) or anaerobic respir ...
... •The Stages of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration has two stages. •Glycolysis The first stage of cellular respiration is called glycolysis. •Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The second stage of cellular respiration is either aerobic respiration (in the presence of oxygen) or anaerobic respir ...
BASIC CHEMISTRY
... substrate: molecules upon which an enzyme acts. The enzyme is shaped so that it can only lock up with a specific substrate ...
... substrate: molecules upon which an enzyme acts. The enzyme is shaped so that it can only lock up with a specific substrate ...
bonds form when water is removed to hold acids together.
... 23. Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of _____________ in a process called __________________. 24. Chains of amino acids make ________________________ which can join together to make a _____________________. 25. _______________ bonds form when water is removed t ...
... 23. Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of _____________ in a process called __________________. 24. Chains of amino acids make ________________________ which can join together to make a _____________________. 25. _______________ bonds form when water is removed t ...
Study Guide A - The Science of Payne
... 1. Cellular respiration is a process that releases glucose / energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen / carbon dioxide is present. 2. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen / carbon dioxide to take place. 3. Cellular respiration ...
... 1. Cellular respiration is a process that releases glucose / energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen / carbon dioxide is present. 2. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process, because it needs oxygen / carbon dioxide to take place. 3. Cellular respiration ...
practice midterm
... D) two molecules of citric acid. E) two molecules of fructose. 64. The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called A) fermentation. B) respiration. C) phosphorylation. D) chemiosmosis. E) Krebs cycle. ...
... D) two molecules of citric acid. E) two molecules of fructose. 64. The anaerobic breakdown of glucose is called A) fermentation. B) respiration. C) phosphorylation. D) chemiosmosis. E) Krebs cycle. ...
Chapter 6
... – a special type of tissue associated with the generation of heat and – more abundant in hibernating mammals and newborn infants. ...
... – a special type of tissue associated with the generation of heat and – more abundant in hibernating mammals and newborn infants. ...
exam 1 1 soln
... O2 is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation. Without O2, oxidative phosphorylation does not occur, so ATP is only generated from glycolysis via fermentation. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP for every glucose molecule whereas oxidative phosphorylation produces 36 ATP for every gluco ...
... O2 is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation. Without O2, oxidative phosphorylation does not occur, so ATP is only generated from glycolysis via fermentation. Glycolysis only produces 2 ATP for every glucose molecule whereas oxidative phosphorylation produces 36 ATP for every gluco ...
XL-I
... PCR was performed using primer pair P1 and P3 in one vial and P2 and P4 in another vial. The purified PCR products from the two vials were mixed and subjected to another round of PCR with primers P1 and P4. The final PCR product will correspond to a (A) 1.2 kb wild type DNA (B) 1.2 kb DNA with two p ...
... PCR was performed using primer pair P1 and P3 in one vial and P2 and P4 in another vial. The purified PCR products from the two vials were mixed and subjected to another round of PCR with primers P1 and P4. The final PCR product will correspond to a (A) 1.2 kb wild type DNA (B) 1.2 kb DNA with two p ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.