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Respirometer & Anaerobic Respiration
... ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION (YEAST) A form of anaerobic respiration. Pyruvate is converted to ethanal and CO2 Ethanal is further reduced to ethanol and the NADH produced in glycolysis is oxidised back to NAD+ to go another round in glycolysis. This replenishes the NAD+ stores (which is limited) ...
... ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION (YEAST) A form of anaerobic respiration. Pyruvate is converted to ethanal and CO2 Ethanal is further reduced to ethanol and the NADH produced in glycolysis is oxidised back to NAD+ to go another round in glycolysis. This replenishes the NAD+ stores (which is limited) ...
Microbial Metabolism Lecture 4
... As a cell goes through metabolism, there’s a various number of ways that they can produce, again, ATP – adenosine triphosphate. Again, your energy molecule. Adenosine triphosphate, again, is made up of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. Adenosine diphosphate has, again, 2 phosphates attach ...
... As a cell goes through metabolism, there’s a various number of ways that they can produce, again, ATP – adenosine triphosphate. Again, your energy molecule. Adenosine triphosphate, again, is made up of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. Adenosine diphosphate has, again, 2 phosphates attach ...
What is respiration?
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
Student Book (Unit 1 Module 4) - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
... reduced. When it loses the electrons it is oxidised. NAD operates during glycolysis (see spread 1.4.3), the link reaction (see spread 1.4.5), Krebs cycle (see spread 1.4.5) and during the anaerobic ethanol and lactate pathways (see spread 1.4.8). This coenzyme is made from pantothenic acid (a B-gr ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... Special inhibition • End product inhibition • E.g. phospofructokinase an enzyme used in production of ATP lots of ATP inhibit it’s production – makes sense really • Enzyme inhibition – inactive precursors e.g. ...
... Special inhibition • End product inhibition • E.g. phospofructokinase an enzyme used in production of ATP lots of ATP inhibit it’s production – makes sense really • Enzyme inhibition – inactive precursors e.g. ...
Document
... Putting it all together – Glycolysis Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions - Spontaneous - Coupling - Rates ...
... Putting it all together – Glycolysis Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions - Spontaneous - Coupling - Rates ...
Exam 4, 2015 - Biochemistry at CSU, Stanislaus
... 14. (24 points) Describe how liver cells are controlled so that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis do not occur simultaneously in the liver. Give specific details about the regulation by insulin and glucagon. Give specific details about the reactions that are regulated. What enzyme, how is it regulated? ...
... 14. (24 points) Describe how liver cells are controlled so that glycolysis and gluconeogenesis do not occur simultaneously in the liver. Give specific details about the regulation by insulin and glucagon. Give specific details about the reactions that are regulated. What enzyme, how is it regulated? ...
solute - Life Science Academy
... ◦ In passive transport- substances diffuse through membranes without work by the cell ◦ Ex) O2 and Co2 move in and out of our red blood cells in our lung ...
... ◦ In passive transport- substances diffuse through membranes without work by the cell ◦ Ex) O2 and Co2 move in and out of our red blood cells in our lung ...
I. elements
... some isotopes are unstable: they give off energy waves (radiation) or subatomic particles or both in health sciences, radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) are used in both diagnosis and treatment, but they can damage tissue and kill living organisms so they must be handled carefully ...
... some isotopes are unstable: they give off energy waves (radiation) or subatomic particles or both in health sciences, radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) are used in both diagnosis and treatment, but they can damage tissue and kill living organisms so they must be handled carefully ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Teacher`s Guide
... mitochondria of a cell. A mitochondrion consists of a pair of membranes surrounding an amorphous interior, the matrix. The innermost membrane forms many inward-facing folds, the cristae, which greatly increase the amount of membrane that can be packed within the mitochondrion. The similarity of a mi ...
... mitochondria of a cell. A mitochondrion consists of a pair of membranes surrounding an amorphous interior, the matrix. The innermost membrane forms many inward-facing folds, the cristae, which greatly increase the amount of membrane that can be packed within the mitochondrion. The similarity of a mi ...
Reading Pages 136-141: Topics to focus on—
... 5. Define transport protein. Do transport proteins have specificity? Tunnel to allow hydrophilic items to pass the membrane that cannot get through the lipid bilayer—very specific (allow glucose but not fructose) 6. Define and explain diffusion. Molecules spread out into available space—random for e ...
... 5. Define transport protein. Do transport proteins have specificity? Tunnel to allow hydrophilic items to pass the membrane that cannot get through the lipid bilayer—very specific (allow glucose but not fructose) 6. Define and explain diffusion. Molecules spread out into available space—random for e ...
IB Definitions
... An exothermic reaction is one in which there is an overall negative enthalpy change (heat is evolved) An endothermic reaction is one in which there is an overall postive enthalpy change (heat is absorbed) The standard enthalpy change of a reaction is the enthalpy change when one mole of reactants is ...
... An exothermic reaction is one in which there is an overall negative enthalpy change (heat is evolved) An endothermic reaction is one in which there is an overall postive enthalpy change (heat is absorbed) The standard enthalpy change of a reaction is the enthalpy change when one mole of reactants is ...
S8 + ___ F2 → ___ SF6 - Canvas by Instructure
... 1. The oxidation number of atoms in their elemental form is zero. 2. The oxidation state of monatomic ions is the same as the charge. 3. The oxidation state of fluorine is always -1 in its ...
... 1. The oxidation number of atoms in their elemental form is zero. 2. The oxidation state of monatomic ions is the same as the charge. 3. The oxidation state of fluorine is always -1 in its ...
• What are enzymes? They`re special type of protein that accelerates
... Why are enzymes important? No chemical reaction in the human body can naturally occur without the help of enzymes, so they`re extremely important, also outside the human body enzymes can be very useful, ...
... Why are enzymes important? No chemical reaction in the human body can naturally occur without the help of enzymes, so they`re extremely important, also outside the human body enzymes can be very useful, ...
Lecture 3
... Importance of blood glucose • Note lower blood glucose at rest in fasting condition • Note earlier onset of fatigue • Blood glucose is an important energy source! ...
... Importance of blood glucose • Note lower blood glucose at rest in fasting condition • Note earlier onset of fatigue • Blood glucose is an important energy source! ...
ENZYME STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
... very difficult problem that has not yet been solved. Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they act on, and only a small portion of the enzyme (around 2–4 amino acids) is directly involved in catalysis. The region that contains these catalytic residues, binds the substrate, and then carri ...
... very difficult problem that has not yet been solved. Most enzymes are much larger than the substrates they act on, and only a small portion of the enzyme (around 2–4 amino acids) is directly involved in catalysis. The region that contains these catalytic residues, binds the substrate, and then carri ...
Reading Guide
... glycogen degradation and turning on glycogen synthesis. 16. Liver cells respond to glucagon by _________________________. 17. Muscle does not respond to glucagon, but does respond to ______________________ by releasing stored fuel. 18. How do glucagon and epinephrine stimulate the breakdown of fats? ...
... glycogen degradation and turning on glycogen synthesis. 16. Liver cells respond to glucagon by _________________________. 17. Muscle does not respond to glucagon, but does respond to ______________________ by releasing stored fuel. 18. How do glucagon and epinephrine stimulate the breakdown of fats? ...
world journal of pharmaceutical research
... glucose. Cellular respiration or oxidation of hexoses such as glucose or fructose to CO2 and H2O, involves four phases: glycolysis, the prep reaction, the Krebs (citric acid) cycle, and the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain (Figure 3).[1] The theoretical number of ATP equivalen ...
... glucose. Cellular respiration or oxidation of hexoses such as glucose or fructose to CO2 and H2O, involves four phases: glycolysis, the prep reaction, the Krebs (citric acid) cycle, and the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain (Figure 3).[1] The theoretical number of ATP equivalen ...
Enzyme MCAS Practice Name: Date: 1. There are many different
... In red blood cells, the compound carbonic anhydrase increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood. In red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase acts as which of the following? A. ...
... In red blood cells, the compound carbonic anhydrase increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is converted to bicarbonate ions for transport in the blood. In red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase acts as which of the following? A. ...
Plasma Membrane
... Reverse of exocytosis. Allows macromolecules to enter cells. The substance is progressively enclosed by an enfolding portion of ...
... Reverse of exocytosis. Allows macromolecules to enter cells. The substance is progressively enclosed by an enfolding portion of ...
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Cellular respiration yields CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Chap 4 Study Guide
... 1. bioenergetics incorporates these first and second laws 3. the cell's “universal energy carrier” 7. reactions that require energy input 10. oxidizing or reducing ________ 11. different model of the same enzyme 13. compounds mainly derived from water-soluble vitamins 15. inborn error of phenylalani ...
... 1. bioenergetics incorporates these first and second laws 3. the cell's “universal energy carrier” 7. reactions that require energy input 10. oxidizing or reducing ________ 11. different model of the same enzyme 13. compounds mainly derived from water-soluble vitamins 15. inborn error of phenylalani ...
Chapter 7
... Chapter 7 Reading Guide 1. Which 3 nutrient classes include nutrients that cells can use for energy? 2. Within those 3 nutrient classes what specific chemicals are actually split by c4ells to release energy? 3. When liver cells build glycogen, is this a catabolic or anabolic process? What about when ...
... Chapter 7 Reading Guide 1. Which 3 nutrient classes include nutrients that cells can use for energy? 2. Within those 3 nutrient classes what specific chemicals are actually split by c4ells to release energy? 3. When liver cells build glycogen, is this a catabolic or anabolic process? What about when ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.