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cycle - realfuture.org
... function of the TCA cycle using the twin enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Aerobic respiration allows for the continued metabolism of glucose through reoxidation of the reduced forms of NADH and FADH produced by the central metabolic pathways. This occurs along the so-called ‘electron tr ...
... function of the TCA cycle using the twin enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. Aerobic respiration allows for the continued metabolism of glucose through reoxidation of the reduced forms of NADH and FADH produced by the central metabolic pathways. This occurs along the so-called ‘electron tr ...
Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle
... • This stage of photosynthesis includes an electron transport chain (ETC). The molecules of the electron transport chain use highenergy electrons to push H+ ions from the stroma into the inner thylakoid space, producing ATP & NADPH in the process (Don’t worry about the details of the ETC). The ATP & ...
... • This stage of photosynthesis includes an electron transport chain (ETC). The molecules of the electron transport chain use highenergy electrons to push H+ ions from the stroma into the inner thylakoid space, producing ATP & NADPH in the process (Don’t worry about the details of the ETC). The ATP & ...
Session 2
... In multicellular organisms like us, cellto-cell communication is of prime importance for proper development and function of the organisms as a whole. Cells communicate with each other by different means. Adjacent cells can communicate via cell surface molecules or via specific junctions that allow t ...
... In multicellular organisms like us, cellto-cell communication is of prime importance for proper development and function of the organisms as a whole. Cells communicate with each other by different means. Adjacent cells can communicate via cell surface molecules or via specific junctions that allow t ...
Formatted - RESPIRATION
... The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A comprises following steps : 1. Pyruvate combines with the cofactor TPP (thymine pyrophosphate) and loses CO2. The reaction is catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase component (called E1) of the multi-enzyme complex. ...
... The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A comprises following steps : 1. Pyruvate combines with the cofactor TPP (thymine pyrophosphate) and loses CO2. The reaction is catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase component (called E1) of the multi-enzyme complex. ...
Bio-chemistry(Enzymes)
... Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts synthesized by living cells. They are protein in nature (exception - RNA acting as ribozyme), colloidal and thermo labile in character, and specific in their action. Holoenzyme is the functional enzyme. Apoenzyme is protein part of holoenzyme. Co-enzyme is non- ...
... Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts synthesized by living cells. They are protein in nature (exception - RNA acting as ribozyme), colloidal and thermo labile in character, and specific in their action. Holoenzyme is the functional enzyme. Apoenzyme is protein part of holoenzyme. Co-enzyme is non- ...
Semester 2
... A: What are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... A: What are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
respiration jeopardy game!
... A: What are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... A: What are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain ? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
Handout
... to build biological molecules, their atomic numbers (and thus number of electrons) tend to be small, so we will only need to consider the filling number for the first three shells here.) If the valance shell is not full to its maximum capacity, the atom will be chemically reactive. What this means i ...
... to build biological molecules, their atomic numbers (and thus number of electrons) tend to be small, so we will only need to consider the filling number for the first three shells here.) If the valance shell is not full to its maximum capacity, the atom will be chemically reactive. What this means i ...
Sin título de diapositiva
... • The loss of electrons from an atom or molecule is termed oxidation and the gain of electrons is termed reduction • If one atom or molecule is oxidized during a chemical reaction then another molecule must be reduced • Many biological oxidation-reduction reactions involve the removal or addition of ...
... • The loss of electrons from an atom or molecule is termed oxidation and the gain of electrons is termed reduction • If one atom or molecule is oxidized during a chemical reaction then another molecule must be reduced • Many biological oxidation-reduction reactions involve the removal or addition of ...
GRADE 11F: Biology 1
... mechanisms for the movement of substances into and out of cells. 11F.6.1 Describe the role of ATP as the universal energy currency in all living ...
... mechanisms for the movement of substances into and out of cells. 11F.6.1 Describe the role of ATP as the universal energy currency in all living ...
Unit 3 Biochemistry
... • Purpose: To determine the affect of controls on enzyme activity. +1 • Background: Read and use the information from the lab sheet and your notes to create your own background paragraph about enzymes and the lab. What is the substrate? Where/What is the enzyme in your group’s ...
... • Purpose: To determine the affect of controls on enzyme activity. +1 • Background: Read and use the information from the lab sheet and your notes to create your own background paragraph about enzymes and the lab. What is the substrate? Where/What is the enzyme in your group’s ...
Regents Biology Homework Packet Unit 4: Biochemistry
... Enzymes lower the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. (activation energy) It is thought that, in order for an enzyme to affect the rate of a reaction, the following events must take place. 1. The enzyme must form a temporary association with the substance or substances whose reaction rate it ...
... Enzymes lower the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. (activation energy) It is thought that, in order for an enzyme to affect the rate of a reaction, the following events must take place. 1. The enzyme must form a temporary association with the substance or substances whose reaction rate it ...
Chap. 6B Enzymes Introduction to Enzymes How Enzymes Work
... state stabilization and also provides a classic example of general acid-base catalysis and covalent catalysis. CT enhances the rate of peptide bond hydrolysis by a factor of at least 109. It does not catalyze a direct attack of water on the peptide bond. Instead, a transient covalent acyl-enzyme int ...
... state stabilization and also provides a classic example of general acid-base catalysis and covalent catalysis. CT enhances the rate of peptide bond hydrolysis by a factor of at least 109. It does not catalyze a direct attack of water on the peptide bond. Instead, a transient covalent acyl-enzyme int ...
06The Chemistry of Life
... down into simpler chemical substances. Chemical elements combine in different ways to form a variety of substances useful to living things. ...
... down into simpler chemical substances. Chemical elements combine in different ways to form a variety of substances useful to living things. ...
What Are Enzymes?
... Inhibitors can also attach to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change the shape of its active site. If its shape changes..it no longer works! ...
... Inhibitors can also attach to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change the shape of its active site. If its shape changes..it no longer works! ...
Bio 263/F94/Final - Millersville University
... 59. __________ allow molecules with low molecular weights to pass between cells via a direct connection between their cytoplasms. The purpose of this connection is to allow communication between the cells so that they can _________. a. Plasmodesmata, act in concert c. Gap junctions, swell e. a and d ...
... 59. __________ allow molecules with low molecular weights to pass between cells via a direct connection between their cytoplasms. The purpose of this connection is to allow communication between the cells so that they can _________. a. Plasmodesmata, act in concert c. Gap junctions, swell e. a and d ...
Cell Respiration Review 1
... yeast cells it is converted into (3) ________ and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen as the final (4) ________ acceptor that ultimately drives the ATPforming machinery. Anaerobic routes must be used by many bacteria and protistans that live in an oxygen-free environment. (5) ______ ...
... yeast cells it is converted into (3) ________ and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic pathways do not use oxygen as the final (4) ________ acceptor that ultimately drives the ATPforming machinery. Anaerobic routes must be used by many bacteria and protistans that live in an oxygen-free environment. (5) ______ ...
PHM 381M Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I
... the exam and left the room may not be allowed to sit for the exam and may receive a score of zero. No allowances will be made for an exam being missed, other than documented illness or an emergency. Students must contact Dr. Whitman for confirmation prior to the exam. If permission is granted to del ...
... the exam and left the room may not be allowed to sit for the exam and may receive a score of zero. No allowances will be made for an exam being missed, other than documented illness or an emergency. Students must contact Dr. Whitman for confirmation prior to the exam. If permission is granted to del ...
Lecture Seventeen - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... These are at the two positions where ATP is formed 1: The 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate The 1,3-BPG passes a phosphate to ADP This is known as substrate-level phosphorylation ...
... These are at the two positions where ATP is formed 1: The 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate The 1,3-BPG passes a phosphate to ADP This is known as substrate-level phosphorylation ...
Catabolism vs Anabolism
... Think of Randy’s analogy with 2 cats. Or a cat and a dog. If they’ve got plenty of space, they’re not going to interact. But if they’re brought together… ...
... Think of Randy’s analogy with 2 cats. Or a cat and a dog. If they’ve got plenty of space, they’re not going to interact. But if they’re brought together… ...
Topic Three Chemistry of Life - MrsGorukhomework
... 1 g of carbs = 17 kJ while fat gives 39 kJ, is more compact so easier to carry around, fats have long hydrocarbon tails with hydrocarbon bonds – just like petroleum and can store a lot of energy – and not soluble in water When fats are metabolized for energy, it releases a lot more water than if yo ...
... 1 g of carbs = 17 kJ while fat gives 39 kJ, is more compact so easier to carry around, fats have long hydrocarbon tails with hydrocarbon bonds – just like petroleum and can store a lot of energy – and not soluble in water When fats are metabolized for energy, it releases a lot more water than if yo ...
Unit 1: The Nature of Life
... c. Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end. d. The portion of each amino acid that is different is a side chain called an Rgroup. e. The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. f. Pro ...
... c. Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end. d. The portion of each amino acid that is different is a side chain called an Rgroup. e. The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. f. Pro ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.