Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... Another study used a metabolomic approach to show lower CA and elevated DCA levels in plasma of self-reported, controlled diabetic patients compared to controls [9]. Hence, CA might be increasingly converted into DCA in the gut of patients with T2D. Interestingly, changes in the gut microflora have ...
... Another study used a metabolomic approach to show lower CA and elevated DCA levels in plasma of self-reported, controlled diabetic patients compared to controls [9]. Hence, CA might be increasingly converted into DCA in the gut of patients with T2D. Interestingly, changes in the gut microflora have ...
Short-term regulation of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase
... et al., 1976; Sumegi & Alkonyi, 1983). The measurements were based on the initial rate of the reaction catalyzed by PDHC. However, a far higher PDC activity was observed when the reaction rate was measured for a longer period, because in the absence of added TDP the maximum rate was achieved only a� ...
... et al., 1976; Sumegi & Alkonyi, 1983). The measurements were based on the initial rate of the reaction catalyzed by PDHC. However, a far higher PDC activity was observed when the reaction rate was measured for a longer period, because in the absence of added TDP the maximum rate was achieved only a� ...
The Role of Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein in
... the liver. ChREBP target genes are involved in glycolysis (Glut2, liver pyruvate kinase), fructolysis (Glut5, ketohexokinase), and lipogenesis (acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase). ChREBP gene deletion protects against high sucrose diet-induced and leptin-deficient obesity, because Chrebp−/ ...
... the liver. ChREBP target genes are involved in glycolysis (Glut2, liver pyruvate kinase), fructolysis (Glut5, ketohexokinase), and lipogenesis (acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase). ChREBP gene deletion protects against high sucrose diet-induced and leptin-deficient obesity, because Chrebp−/ ...
Metabolism of Mollicutes: the Embden-Meyerhof
... enzyme activities associated with the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and EmbdenMeyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway. All Acholeplasma spp. had glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate (6PG) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) and hexokinase (EC 2.7.1 . 1) activity, Of these three ...
... enzyme activities associated with the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and EmbdenMeyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway. All Acholeplasma spp. had glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate (6PG) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) and hexokinase (EC 2.7.1 . 1) activity, Of these three ...
O - VCU
... I don’t understand how to use the numbers near genes to find their sequences. I tried with the first number for Ava0001 (119), but that number doesn’t exist amongst the coordinates shown. I tried counting from coordinate 1 but that led me to the letters GAT when I believe the gene should begin ATG. ...
... I don’t understand how to use the numbers near genes to find their sequences. I tried with the first number for Ava0001 (119), but that number doesn’t exist amongst the coordinates shown. I tried counting from coordinate 1 but that led me to the letters GAT when I believe the gene should begin ATG. ...
Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified
... Partitioning carbons from central carbon metabolism to fatty acid synthesis has been thought to be a potential route for enhancing lipid content. Acetyl-CoA is the essential two-carbon donor molecule for fatty acid synthesis. Considering carbohydrate metabolism based on their genome data, four metab ...
... Partitioning carbons from central carbon metabolism to fatty acid synthesis has been thought to be a potential route for enhancing lipid content. Acetyl-CoA is the essential two-carbon donor molecule for fatty acid synthesis. Considering carbohydrate metabolism based on their genome data, four metab ...
Ch23-Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies
... meals and during periods of increased demand, such as exercise. During overnight fasting, fatty acids become the major fuel for cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and liver. The liver converts fatty acids to ketone bodies (acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate), which also serve as major fuels for tissue ...
... meals and during periods of increased demand, such as exercise. During overnight fasting, fatty acids become the major fuel for cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and liver. The liver converts fatty acids to ketone bodies (acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate), which also serve as major fuels for tissue ...
Regulation of thiamine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
... be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production in Torulopsis glabrata (Li et al., 2001). S. cerevisiae utilizes external thiamine for the production of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), but can also synthesize the co-factor de novo (Figure 1B). Three genes have now been identified as positive ...
... be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production in Torulopsis glabrata (Li et al., 2001). S. cerevisiae utilizes external thiamine for the production of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), but can also synthesize the co-factor de novo (Figure 1B). Three genes have now been identified as positive ...
... opposed to unchanged plasma lactate concentrations in controls. As expected, large, significant, time-dependent increases in NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were observed in fasted control rats (fig. 2c and d). Carbohydrates, lipid and ketone bodies fasting-induced responses were markedly ...
artículo - Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia
... species have a low rate of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production (mitROSp) (3, 4) and a low unsaturation degree of membrane fatty acids (5, 6). The first of these two factors, mitROSp, ...
... species have a low rate of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production (mitROSp) (3, 4) and a low unsaturation degree of membrane fatty acids (5, 6). The first of these two factors, mitROSp, ...
5 Molecular basis of type-2 diabetes
... peripheral tissues. Insulin resistance yields to defective suppression of hepatic glucose output. Resistance to the antilipolytic action of insulin also favors triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue and the generation of free fatty acids, which interfere with insulin receptor signals. Changes in s ...
... peripheral tissues. Insulin resistance yields to defective suppression of hepatic glucose output. Resistance to the antilipolytic action of insulin also favors triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue and the generation of free fatty acids, which interfere with insulin receptor signals. Changes in s ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
ATP Pool and Growth Yield in Selenomonas
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
... by formation of storage polysaccharide, which is essentially a 'high-yield' process. There remain, however, some yields which, on the basis of known or suggested substrate-level production of ATP, are apparently nearer 20 than 10. This was first noted with some strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria (Hob ...
Unraveling Biochemical Pathways Affected by Mitochondrial
... The acetyl-CoA molecules formed will then be used to feed other metabolic pathways, such as the TCA cycle [26], or to produce cholesterol or other lipids through lipogenesis [27]. The acyl-CoA can also be transported back to the cytosol by the carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase system to produce a ...
... The acetyl-CoA molecules formed will then be used to feed other metabolic pathways, such as the TCA cycle [26], or to produce cholesterol or other lipids through lipogenesis [27]. The acyl-CoA can also be transported back to the cytosol by the carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase system to produce a ...
Milk Fat: Origin of Fatty Acids and Influence of
... leaXet of plasma and intracellular membranes of endothelial and parenchymal cells, with removal within the cell cytosol as the fatty acids become esteriWed. Though this model (Scow et al., 1980) is supported by numerous exquisite photomicrographs, it does not explain the loss of up to 40% of the fat ...
... leaXet of plasma and intracellular membranes of endothelial and parenchymal cells, with removal within the cell cytosol as the fatty acids become esteriWed. Though this model (Scow et al., 1980) is supported by numerous exquisite photomicrographs, it does not explain the loss of up to 40% of the fat ...
AP Biology Chapter 9.2016
... pyruvate is converted into lactate (or lactic acid), and in the process, NADH gives up its electrons to form NAD+. • As in alcoholic fermentation, the NAD+ can now be used for glycolysis. When O2 becomes available, lactate can be broken down. • Because O2 is required to break down lactate, lactate f ...
... pyruvate is converted into lactate (or lactic acid), and in the process, NADH gives up its electrons to form NAD+. • As in alcoholic fermentation, the NAD+ can now be used for glycolysis. When O2 becomes available, lactate can be broken down. • Because O2 is required to break down lactate, lactate f ...
Modelling of Protein Breakdown During Critical Illness
... Substrate(carbohydrate, fat) −−−−−−→ CO2 + H2 O + energy ...
... Substrate(carbohydrate, fat) −−−−−−→ CO2 + H2 O + energy ...
Test Example
... signal carriers, transporters; (b) nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information and act as both structural and catalytic elements; (c) polysaccharides serve as energy-yielding fuel stores and cellular and extracellular structural and recognition elements, (d) lipids function as membrane comp ...
... signal carriers, transporters; (b) nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information and act as both structural and catalytic elements; (c) polysaccharides serve as energy-yielding fuel stores and cellular and extracellular structural and recognition elements, (d) lipids function as membrane comp ...
Biosynthesis of Glucosyl Glycerol, a Compatible Solute, Using
... that the suh gene from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, a causative agent of bacterial pustule disease in soybeans, showed a very strong deduced amino acid homology with various ASases [17]. However, it only displayed sucrose hydrolysis activity without any glucosyltransferase or isomerization a ...
... that the suh gene from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, a causative agent of bacterial pustule disease in soybeans, showed a very strong deduced amino acid homology with various ASases [17]. However, it only displayed sucrose hydrolysis activity without any glucosyltransferase or isomerization a ...
An iso-15:0 O-alkylglycerol moiety is the key structure of the E
... (Lorenzen et al., 2014). Figure 4 illustrates fruiting body formation in M. xanthus wild ...
... (Lorenzen et al., 2014). Figure 4 illustrates fruiting body formation in M. xanthus wild ...
Compartmentation of the Metabolism of Lactose
... Experimentally, the study of compartmentation in living cells presents certain problems arising from the difficulty of distinguishing between several reservoirs of a substance without fractionating the cell and thereby causing its death. Those attempts which have been made to investigate compartment ...
... Experimentally, the study of compartmentation in living cells presents certain problems arising from the difficulty of distinguishing between several reservoirs of a substance without fractionating the cell and thereby causing its death. Those attempts which have been made to investigate compartment ...
Bio1A - Lec 9 slides File
... Production of ATP • The breakdown of organic molecules is exergonic • Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 • Anaerobic respiration - similar, but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... Production of ATP • The breakdown of organic molecules is exergonic • Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2 • Anaerobic respiration - similar, but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
Full-Text PDF
... function impairment in multiple tissues and organs. The metabolism of fructose is quite different from glucose in catabolic reaction, as well as metabolite and regulatory mechanism. Fructose is metabolized in liver via fructolysis, and the primary metabolites and by-products include glucose, lactate ...
... function impairment in multiple tissues and organs. The metabolism of fructose is quite different from glucose in catabolic reaction, as well as metabolite and regulatory mechanism. Fructose is metabolized in liver via fructolysis, and the primary metabolites and by-products include glucose, lactate ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.