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Glycerol transport and phosphoenolpyruvate
... Glycerol kinase in these mutants was therefore assumed to possess elevated activity, rendering glycerol uptake and metabolism independent of PTS-mediated activation by phosphorylation. This could indeed be confirmed for the His-232-Arg mutant glycerol kinase of Ent. casseliflavus, which exhibited mu ...
... Glycerol kinase in these mutants was therefore assumed to possess elevated activity, rendering glycerol uptake and metabolism independent of PTS-mediated activation by phosphorylation. This could indeed be confirmed for the His-232-Arg mutant glycerol kinase of Ent. casseliflavus, which exhibited mu ...
The Incorporation of Glycerol and Lysine into the Lipid Fraction of
... of incorporation is increased by the presence of glucose and amino acids. The presence ofamino acids increases incorporation into the fraction containing 0-amino acid esters of phosphatidylglycerol. 2. Glycerol, incorporated into washed cells by incubation with glycerol, glucose and amino acids, is ...
... of incorporation is increased by the presence of glucose and amino acids. The presence ofamino acids increases incorporation into the fraction containing 0-amino acid esters of phosphatidylglycerol. 2. Glycerol, incorporated into washed cells by incubation with glycerol, glucose and amino acids, is ...
39 Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids
... Important coenzymes: Pyridoxal phosphate (derived from vitamin B6) is the quintessential coenzyme of amino acid metabolism. In degradation, it is involved in the removal of amino groups, principally through transamination reactions and in donation of amino groups for various amino acid biosynthetic ...
... Important coenzymes: Pyridoxal phosphate (derived from vitamin B6) is the quintessential coenzyme of amino acid metabolism. In degradation, it is involved in the removal of amino groups, principally through transamination reactions and in donation of amino groups for various amino acid biosynthetic ...
Document
... ATP-Generating Steps C Enzymes attach a phosphate to the two PGAL, and transfer two electrons and a hydrogen ion from each PGAL to NAD+. Two PGA (phosphoglycerate) and two NADH are the result. D Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each PGA to ADP. Thus, two ATP have formed by substratelevel phos ...
... ATP-Generating Steps C Enzymes attach a phosphate to the two PGAL, and transfer two electrons and a hydrogen ion from each PGAL to NAD+. Two PGA (phosphoglycerate) and two NADH are the result. D Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each PGA to ADP. Thus, two ATP have formed by substratelevel phos ...
Amino Acid Degradation
... Glucogenic amino acids are broken down into one of the following metabolites: pyruvate, αketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate or oxaloacetate. Ketogenic amino acids are broken down into acetoacetate or acetyl-CoA. Larger amino acids, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and threonine are ...
... Glucogenic amino acids are broken down into one of the following metabolites: pyruvate, αketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate or oxaloacetate. Ketogenic amino acids are broken down into acetoacetate or acetyl-CoA. Larger amino acids, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine and threonine are ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy
... ATP-Generating Steps C Enzymes attach a phosphate to the two PGAL, and transfer two electrons and a hydrogen ion from each PGAL to NAD+. Two PGA (phosphoglycerate) and two NADH are the result. D Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each PGA to ADP. Thus, two ATP have formed by substratelevel phos ...
... ATP-Generating Steps C Enzymes attach a phosphate to the two PGAL, and transfer two electrons and a hydrogen ion from each PGAL to NAD+. Two PGA (phosphoglycerate) and two NADH are the result. D Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each PGA to ADP. Thus, two ATP have formed by substratelevel phos ...
[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen
... MEASUREMENTS OF GLUCONEOGENESIS WITH [U-13C]PROPIONATE ...
... MEASUREMENTS OF GLUCONEOGENESIS WITH [U-13C]PROPIONATE ...
Cholesterol
... LYSOLECITHIN + CHOLESTEROL ESTER • LCAT is activated by apo-A1 and deficiency in LCAT means that HDL can’t take ...
... LYSOLECITHIN + CHOLESTEROL ESTER • LCAT is activated by apo-A1 and deficiency in LCAT means that HDL can’t take ...
The Liver - cloudfront.net
... pancreas. When glucagon is released, the processes begin. Gluconeogenesis occurs when energy sources are low, such as during fasting, administration of low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise.8 Because liver failure can affect these processes, affected patients may have decreased glucose levels. ...
... pancreas. When glucagon is released, the processes begin. Gluconeogenesis occurs when energy sources are low, such as during fasting, administration of low-carbohydrate diets, or intense exercise.8 Because liver failure can affect these processes, affected patients may have decreased glucose levels. ...
Absorption, hepatic metabolism and mammary
... List of tables Table 1. Apparent total tract digestibility of 77 foodstuffs in dry sows ............................................................... 7 Table 2. Range of digestibility of nutrients in ileum and total tract of sows fed low-fiber, high-fiber and highfiber............................ ...
... List of tables Table 1. Apparent total tract digestibility of 77 foodstuffs in dry sows ............................................................... 7 Table 2. Range of digestibility of nutrients in ileum and total tract of sows fed low-fiber, high-fiber and highfiber............................ ...
Inducible uptake and metabolism of glucose by the phosphorylative
... slow utilization of glucose may be due to regulation of glucose metabolizing enzymes and/or the transport process. In strain CSV86 the activity of Zwf was found to be inducible; five- to six-fold higher activity was observed when cells were grown on glucose compared with naphthalene and FEMS Microbi ...
... slow utilization of glucose may be due to regulation of glucose metabolizing enzymes and/or the transport process. In strain CSV86 the activity of Zwf was found to be inducible; five- to six-fold higher activity was observed when cells were grown on glucose compared with naphthalene and FEMS Microbi ...
Biochemistry Practical Notes Authors: Ida Fakla Péter Ferdinandy
... ml of distilled water into the tubes marked 2/a, 3/a, 4/a and 5/a, respectively. Then take out 0.5 ml of the stock solution from the first tube (1/a) and put it into the second tube (2/a). After thorough mixing the p- nitrophenyl phosphate concentration in this tube is the 1/2 of the original one, n ...
... ml of distilled water into the tubes marked 2/a, 3/a, 4/a and 5/a, respectively. Then take out 0.5 ml of the stock solution from the first tube (1/a) and put it into the second tube (2/a). After thorough mixing the p- nitrophenyl phosphate concentration in this tube is the 1/2 of the original one, n ...
Pathways of Glucose Assimilation in Puccinia graminis
... homogenizer, the insoluble material was separated by centrifugation (2000 g) and washed three times with 80% ethanol. Insoluble fractions were resuspended in 1 ml80% ethanol and mixed with 10 ml of scintillant solution (4g PPO 1-l, 50 mg POPOP 1-l, 33%(v/v) Triton X-100 in toluene) and the radioacti ...
... homogenizer, the insoluble material was separated by centrifugation (2000 g) and washed three times with 80% ethanol. Insoluble fractions were resuspended in 1 ml80% ethanol and mixed with 10 ml of scintillant solution (4g PPO 1-l, 50 mg POPOP 1-l, 33%(v/v) Triton X-100 in toluene) and the radioacti ...
Glycolysis
... Glycolysis Regulation points of glycolysis 1. ___________________ Glucose-6-phosphate production 2. ____________________ Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate production inhibited by ATP ...
... Glycolysis Regulation points of glycolysis 1. ___________________ Glucose-6-phosphate production 2. ____________________ Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate production inhibited by ATP ...
Living on the edge: substrate competition explains loss of
... Such circumstances may then lead to sudden death, biochemically associated with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, even in patients with the apparently mild MCAD deficiency. Thus, the deficiency of a single enzyme that is not essential under normal circumstances reduces the robustness of the metabolic networ ...
... Such circumstances may then lead to sudden death, biochemically associated with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, even in patients with the apparently mild MCAD deficiency. Thus, the deficiency of a single enzyme that is not essential under normal circumstances reduces the robustness of the metabolic networ ...
Liver glucose metabolism in humans
... obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, liver glucose metabolism is involved in glycosylation reactions and connected with fatty acid metabolism. The liver receives dietary carbohydrates directly from the intestine via the portal vein. Glucokinase phosphorylates glucose to glucose 6-phosphate in ...
... obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, liver glucose metabolism is involved in glycosylation reactions and connected with fatty acid metabolism. The liver receives dietary carbohydrates directly from the intestine via the portal vein. Glucokinase phosphorylates glucose to glucose 6-phosphate in ...
Glucose Regulation by Dr Sarma
... 1922: First human treated with insulin. Eli Lilly begins mass production. ...
... 1922: First human treated with insulin. Eli Lilly begins mass production. ...
Seminars in
... Increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity is responsible for hyperammonaemia, an increased alpha ketoglutarate level and, consequently, increased Krebs cycle activity and B-cell ATP/ADP ratio, with subsequent exaggerated insulin release. Sulphonylureas, such as tolbutamide, stimulate insulin secret ...
... Increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity is responsible for hyperammonaemia, an increased alpha ketoglutarate level and, consequently, increased Krebs cycle activity and B-cell ATP/ADP ratio, with subsequent exaggerated insulin release. Sulphonylureas, such as tolbutamide, stimulate insulin secret ...
Examining Escherichia coli glycolytic pathways, catabolite
... Results: Overexpression of edd and eda in E. coli to enhance EDP activity resulted in only a small shift in the flux directed through the EDP (~20 % of glycolysis flux). Disrupting the EMPP by phosphofructokinase I (pfkA) knockout increased flux through OPPP (~60 % of glycolysis flux) and the nativ ...
... Results: Overexpression of edd and eda in E. coli to enhance EDP activity resulted in only a small shift in the flux directed through the EDP (~20 % of glycolysis flux). Disrupting the EMPP by phosphofructokinase I (pfkA) knockout increased flux through OPPP (~60 % of glycolysis flux) and the nativ ...
25. biosynthesis of lipids
... catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is also important because it is a regulatory step ; citrate acts as an allosteric activator for the animal enzyme, but not in plant or microbial systems. The high degree of structural organization of the animal c ...
... catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is also important because it is a regulatory step ; citrate acts as an allosteric activator for the animal enzyme, but not in plant or microbial systems. The high degree of structural organization of the animal c ...
Carbon conversion efficiency and central - Shachar
... convert carbon and nitrogen precursors provided by the mother plant into stable reserves required for germination and seedling establishment. The efficiency of the overall metabolic processes involved in accumulating seed storage products will determine the amount of reserve material available for t ...
... convert carbon and nitrogen precursors provided by the mother plant into stable reserves required for germination and seedling establishment. The efficiency of the overall metabolic processes involved in accumulating seed storage products will determine the amount of reserve material available for t ...
Inhibitors are structural analogs of true substrate
... enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle participates in reaction of substrate phosphorylation? In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is damaged taking into account that arsen containing substances inactivate lipoic acid? ...
... enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle participates in reaction of substrate phosphorylation? In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is damaged taking into account that arsen containing substances inactivate lipoic acid? ...
Сarbohydrates
... Saccharase Amylase +Lactase Isomaltase Maltase 50. During at run on short distance the untrained people have muscular pain as a result of lactate accumulation. Indicate, with strengthening of what biochemical process can it be related to. Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Pentose phosphate pathway ...
... Saccharase Amylase +Lactase Isomaltase Maltase 50. During at run on short distance the untrained people have muscular pain as a result of lactate accumulation. Indicate, with strengthening of what biochemical process can it be related to. Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis Pentose phosphate pathway ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... action of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a huge enzyme complex. Acetyl-CoA is converted to 2 CO2 via the eightstep citric acid cycle, generating three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (by substrate-level phophorylation). Intermediates of citric acid cycle are also used as biosynthetic precursors fo ...
... action of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a huge enzyme complex. Acetyl-CoA is converted to 2 CO2 via the eightstep citric acid cycle, generating three NADH, one FADH2, and one ATP (by substrate-level phophorylation). Intermediates of citric acid cycle are also used as biosynthetic precursors fo ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.