Intermediary metabolism of fructose3
... from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate rate-controlling step is catalyzed ...
... from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate rate-controlling step is catalyzed ...
Glycogen!Metabolism! ! Glycogen$→!Principal!storage!form!of
... Fates$of$GlucoseI6IPhosphate$$ - In!skeletal!muscle!G6P!may!enter!glycolysis!and!serve!as!an!energy!source!! - In!liver!G6P!may!be!dephosphorylated!(to!glucose)!for!release!into!the!blood!to!be! transported! o Reaction!catalysed!by!Glucose=6=phosphatase! - Glucose=6=Phosphatase!catalyses!the!followi ...
... Fates$of$GlucoseI6IPhosphate$$ - In!skeletal!muscle!G6P!may!enter!glycolysis!and!serve!as!an!energy!source!! - In!liver!G6P!may!be!dephosphorylated!(to!glucose)!for!release!into!the!blood!to!be! transported! o Reaction!catalysed!by!Glucose=6=phosphatase! - Glucose=6=Phosphatase!catalyses!the!followi ...
Identification of a New Glycerol-3-phosphate - UNC
... genes (1). One isoform is present in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (microsomal GPAT), and the other is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane (mtGPAT). Although the microsomal GPAT has not been cloned or purified, its activity is easily distinguished, because, unlike mtGPAT, the microsomal ...
... genes (1). One isoform is present in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (microsomal GPAT), and the other is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane (mtGPAT). Although the microsomal GPAT has not been cloned or purified, its activity is easily distinguished, because, unlike mtGPAT, the microsomal ...
The Growth of Micro-organisms in Relation to their
... only does L. mesenteroides ferment glucose by a new pathway involving xylulose-5phosphate (Heath, Hurwitz, Horecker & Ginsberg, 1958) as the key intermediate, but also that the process yields only 1 mole of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/mole of glucose, as compared with the 2 mole of ATP/mole of gluc ...
... only does L. mesenteroides ferment glucose by a new pathway involving xylulose-5phosphate (Heath, Hurwitz, Horecker & Ginsberg, 1958) as the key intermediate, but also that the process yields only 1 mole of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/mole of glucose, as compared with the 2 mole of ATP/mole of gluc ...
Hydrolysisof Glutathioneby Human Liver `y
... We propose that even though kidney isprobably the major site of glutathionehydrolysisin the rat,otherorgans such as the liver play a significant role in glutathione catabolism in man. This proposal is based on the following data: (a) ‘y-Glutamyltransferase activityin human liverisabout 10-fold that ...
... We propose that even though kidney isprobably the major site of glutathionehydrolysisin the rat,otherorgans such as the liver play a significant role in glutathione catabolism in man. This proposal is based on the following data: (a) ‘y-Glutamyltransferase activityin human liverisabout 10-fold that ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... Alternative paths from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. The relative importance of the two pathways depends on the availability of lactate &/or alanine of deamination to form pyruvate. The cytosolic requirements for NADH for gluconeogenesis. The path on the right predominates when lactate is the pr ...
... Alternative paths from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. The relative importance of the two pathways depends on the availability of lactate &/or alanine of deamination to form pyruvate. The cytosolic requirements for NADH for gluconeogenesis. The path on the right predominates when lactate is the pr ...
Factors Controlling the Stable Nitrogen Isotopic Composition (δ15N
... in δ13C values are generated during primary production and largely conserved during heterotrophic processing (e.g. [3,4]). Nitrogen isotopes are mainly used to infer trophic transfers as each trophic step results in an increase in the δ15N signal of biomass (e.g. [5,6]). More recently, the δ15N of s ...
... in δ13C values are generated during primary production and largely conserved during heterotrophic processing (e.g. [3,4]). Nitrogen isotopes are mainly used to infer trophic transfers as each trophic step results in an increase in the δ15N signal of biomass (e.g. [5,6]). More recently, the δ15N of s ...
Full-Text PDF
... carbohydrate metabolism, adipose tissue, and adipokines [7], which make this oil of benefit to health. In addition to triacylglycerols, rapeseed oil contains many health-related compounds such as phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and phytosterols which have been recognized to possess various health b ...
... carbohydrate metabolism, adipose tissue, and adipokines [7], which make this oil of benefit to health. In addition to triacylglycerols, rapeseed oil contains many health-related compounds such as phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and phytosterols which have been recognized to possess various health b ...
Metabolic regulation of Escherichia coli cultivated under anaerobic
... strains. The significant difference between pta and pflA mutants is the specific activity of Ppc. In the pta mutant, this enzyme activity changed little compared to the parent strain, but thismutant produced more succinate than the pflA mutant, despite lower Ppc activity. This implies that the intra ...
... strains. The significant difference between pta and pflA mutants is the specific activity of Ppc. In the pta mutant, this enzyme activity changed little compared to the parent strain, but thismutant produced more succinate than the pflA mutant, despite lower Ppc activity. This implies that the intra ...
The Cycling of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Through Acetylcarnitine Buffers
... eating and in response to energetic stressors, such as aerobic exercise or ischemia, glucose and other carbohydrates become important cardiac fuels.3,4 Additionally, mobilization of the heart’s limited buffer stores (phosphocreatine, triacylglyceride, and glycogen) help to maintain ATP production fo ...
... eating and in response to energetic stressors, such as aerobic exercise or ischemia, glucose and other carbohydrates become important cardiac fuels.3,4 Additionally, mobilization of the heart’s limited buffer stores (phosphocreatine, triacylglyceride, and glycogen) help to maintain ATP production fo ...
The Cycling of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Through Acetylcarnitine Buffers
... eating and in response to energetic stressors, such as aerobic exercise or ischemia, glucose and other carbohydrates become important cardiac fuels.3,4 Additionally, mobilization of the heart’s limited buffer stores (phosphocreatine, triacylglyceride, and glycogen) help to maintain ATP production fo ...
... eating and in response to energetic stressors, such as aerobic exercise or ischemia, glucose and other carbohydrates become important cardiac fuels.3,4 Additionally, mobilization of the heart’s limited buffer stores (phosphocreatine, triacylglyceride, and glycogen) help to maintain ATP production fo ...
Ribosomes of Mouse Liver following
... sedimented through layers of 1.38 M and 2.0 M sucrose, while membranous material is trapped at the interface of the sucrose layers. It has been shown (31) and confirmed in this work (Table 4) that following the 1st centrifugation for sedimentation of free ribosomes some free monomers remain in the o ...
... sedimented through layers of 1.38 M and 2.0 M sucrose, while membranous material is trapped at the interface of the sucrose layers. It has been shown (31) and confirmed in this work (Table 4) that following the 1st centrifugation for sedimentation of free ribosomes some free monomers remain in the o ...
Archive Microbiology
... organisms tested, no significant activity was found for either the exchange or the synthesis reaction. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was assayed by the NAD + reduction and was present with high activity in E. colt, Azotobacter, Micrococcus denitrificans and also in Anacystis nidulans (Table 2). ...
... organisms tested, no significant activity was found for either the exchange or the synthesis reaction. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was assayed by the NAD + reduction and was present with high activity in E. colt, Azotobacter, Micrococcus denitrificans and also in Anacystis nidulans (Table 2). ...
Module 1. General principles of metabolism. Metabolism of
... D. The doctor has given up on the patient and administers ethanol for sedation E. B and C 91. If it is known that the only two ionizable residues in the active site are both glutamates, which conclusion can be drawn? A. * The glutamates have different microenviroments which cause their pKa's to diff ...
... D. The doctor has given up on the patient and administers ethanol for sedation E. B and C 91. If it is known that the only two ionizable residues in the active site are both glutamates, which conclusion can be drawn? A. * The glutamates have different microenviroments which cause their pKa's to diff ...
Lactate and Lactic Acid
... glycogen (stored glucose) is locally available, stored in and around the muscle itself, making its conversion to ATP a quicker process. The anaerobic production of ATP is also called glycolysis (breakdown of glucose). The process of glycolysis (anaerobic production of ATP) results in the formation o ...
... glycogen (stored glucose) is locally available, stored in and around the muscle itself, making its conversion to ATP a quicker process. The anaerobic production of ATP is also called glycolysis (breakdown of glucose). The process of glycolysis (anaerobic production of ATP) results in the formation o ...
Presentations in Biochemistry for MS 1
... glucose and lipid-derived ketone bodies, including acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Glucose cannot be synthesized from lipids, and is instead made from amino acids such as alanine in the process of gluconeogenesis. Serum alanine (choice B) drops dramatically in starvation, due to its c ...
... glucose and lipid-derived ketone bodies, including acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Glucose cannot be synthesized from lipids, and is instead made from amino acids such as alanine in the process of gluconeogenesis. Serum alanine (choice B) drops dramatically in starvation, due to its c ...
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure
... A number of factors regulate fatty acid oxidation including malonyl CoA and the glucose/fatty acid cycle. Malonyl CoA regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting the first protein involved in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid uptake, CPT-1 (McGarry et al., 1977; 1978; Paulson et al., 1984). Malon ...
... A number of factors regulate fatty acid oxidation including malonyl CoA and the glucose/fatty acid cycle. Malonyl CoA regulates fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting the first protein involved in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid uptake, CPT-1 (McGarry et al., 1977; 1978; Paulson et al., 1984). Malon ...
How to move an amphipathic molecule across a lipid
... different phenotypes of the cts-1 null mutant provide a testbed to assess the substrate specificity of heterologous ABCD proteins. Although human ALDP and ALDR were targeted correctly to the peroxisome in plants, only ALDR was able to ...
... different phenotypes of the cts-1 null mutant provide a testbed to assess the substrate specificity of heterologous ABCD proteins. Although human ALDP and ALDR were targeted correctly to the peroxisome in plants, only ALDR was able to ...
Propionate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... of propionate metabolism, were negligible. In contrast, activities of 2methylcitrate synthase, a key enzyme activity of the 2-methylcitrate pathway of propionate metabolism, increased substantially with increasing propionateto-glucose ratios in the reservoir media, and were sufficient to account for ...
... of propionate metabolism, were negligible. In contrast, activities of 2methylcitrate synthase, a key enzyme activity of the 2-methylcitrate pathway of propionate metabolism, increased substantially with increasing propionateto-glucose ratios in the reservoir media, and were sufficient to account for ...
Allicin, a naturally occurring antibiotic from garlic, specifically inhibits
... could show that allicin inhibits the incorporation of acetate into the fatty acid fraction in a dose-dependent manner with an &value lower than 10 ,uM (fig.2). Oat chloroplasts were inhibited to a similar extent with an inhibition rate of 85% at a concentration of 100 PM allicin. To identify the tar ...
... could show that allicin inhibits the incorporation of acetate into the fatty acid fraction in a dose-dependent manner with an &value lower than 10 ,uM (fig.2). Oat chloroplasts were inhibited to a similar extent with an inhibition rate of 85% at a concentration of 100 PM allicin. To identify the tar ...
2-Phospho
... product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
... product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.
... GGT measurement was introduced into clinical laboratories some 45 years ago, and over that times a large amount of information on factors influencing its activity in serum has accumulated. Theories have been put forward about its normal function within the body and its role in numerous pathological ...
... GGT measurement was introduced into clinical laboratories some 45 years ago, and over that times a large amount of information on factors influencing its activity in serum has accumulated. Theories have been put forward about its normal function within the body and its role in numerous pathological ...
The change from lipid to carbohydrate during the respiratory rise in
... To date the only intimation of the possible nature of the carbon path comprising the basal respiration has been the evolution of 14CO2 by fresh slices from long-chain, carboxyl-labeled fatty acids. T h e characteristics of the latter degradation point to a-oxidation (6). Since the ability to degrade ...
... To date the only intimation of the possible nature of the carbon path comprising the basal respiration has been the evolution of 14CO2 by fresh slices from long-chain, carboxyl-labeled fatty acids. T h e characteristics of the latter degradation point to a-oxidation (6). Since the ability to degrade ...
Lactate - University of Iowa Health Care
... gylycolysis [7]. First, the acceleration of glycolysis is fast as compared to the oxidative pathway. Second, the maximal glycolytic capacity of muscle exceeds the maximal oxidative capacity. In glycolysis, the NAD+ pool is consumed as electron acceptor and it must be recycled. Recycling of NAD+ is d ...
... gylycolysis [7]. First, the acceleration of glycolysis is fast as compared to the oxidative pathway. Second, the maximal glycolytic capacity of muscle exceeds the maximal oxidative capacity. In glycolysis, the NAD+ pool is consumed as electron acceptor and it must be recycled. Recycling of NAD+ is d ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.