M01
... - secondary to many genetic / acquired disorders (episodic hypoketotic hypoglycemia, starting in infancy) Carnitine supplementation : supposed to increase energy production, because it facilitates the FA transport into mitochondria for oxidation, sparing glycogen from the muscles during exercise; co ...
... - secondary to many genetic / acquired disorders (episodic hypoketotic hypoglycemia, starting in infancy) Carnitine supplementation : supposed to increase energy production, because it facilitates the FA transport into mitochondria for oxidation, sparing glycogen from the muscles during exercise; co ...
essential amino acid
... • Flavor enhancers, MSG, glycine, alanine. Tryptophan and histidine act as antioxidants to preserve milk powder. For fruit juices cysteine is used as an antioxidant. • Aspartame, dipeptide (aspartyl-phenylalanine-methyl ester) produced by combination of asp and Phe is 200 times sweeter than sucrose. ...
... • Flavor enhancers, MSG, glycine, alanine. Tryptophan and histidine act as antioxidants to preserve milk powder. For fruit juices cysteine is used as an antioxidant. • Aspartame, dipeptide (aspartyl-phenylalanine-methyl ester) produced by combination of asp and Phe is 200 times sweeter than sucrose. ...
Metabolic Processes
... Three molecules of ATP are produced from one NADH + H+. Two ATP are generated from one FADH2. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... Three molecules of ATP are produced from one NADH + H+. Two ATP are generated from one FADH2. This process is called oxidative phosphorylation. ...
a) A, B
... __ 20. Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they: a) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis b) are synthesized from monomers by the process of dehydration synthesis c) are synthesized from peptide bonding between amino acids d) are decomposed into their subun ...
... __ 20. Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they: a) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis b) are synthesized from monomers by the process of dehydration synthesis c) are synthesized from peptide bonding between amino acids d) are decomposed into their subun ...
Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
... The citric acid cycle must be carefully regulated by the cell. It the citric acid cycle were permitted to run unchecked, large amounts of metabolic energy would be wasted in the over production of reduced coenzymes and ATP. Conversely if the citric acid cycle ran too slowly, ATP would not be generat ...
... The citric acid cycle must be carefully regulated by the cell. It the citric acid cycle were permitted to run unchecked, large amounts of metabolic energy would be wasted in the over production of reduced coenzymes and ATP. Conversely if the citric acid cycle ran too slowly, ATP would not be generat ...
video slide
... – Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and usually three fatty acids – Vary in the length and number and locations of ...
... – Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and usually three fatty acids – Vary in the length and number and locations of ...
Systems-level metabolic flux profiling identifies fatty acid synthesis as a target for anti-viral therapy.
... extent (Figs. 2e,f). This suggested that some of the carbon passing from glucose to citrate was redirected from the TCA cycle. Citrate, in addition to being a TCA cycle intermediate, also shuttles two carbon units from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, where they are used for fatty acid and choleste ...
... extent (Figs. 2e,f). This suggested that some of the carbon passing from glucose to citrate was redirected from the TCA cycle. Citrate, in addition to being a TCA cycle intermediate, also shuttles two carbon units from the mitochondrion to the cytosol, where they are used for fatty acid and choleste ...
CreaPrime™ Blend
... release of stimulatory/excitatory neurotransmitters (i.e. norepinephrine [NE]). Therefore, blocking the adenosine receptor allows a greater excitation to occur by increasing NE’s ability to activate the adrenergic receptors. Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE), causing a build-up of cAMP level ...
... release of stimulatory/excitatory neurotransmitters (i.e. norepinephrine [NE]). Therefore, blocking the adenosine receptor allows a greater excitation to occur by increasing NE’s ability to activate the adrenergic receptors. Caffeine inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE), causing a build-up of cAMP level ...
Hardy-Weinberg Assignment
... lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. Both of these processes result in the creation of 2 ATP for every mole of glucose but have different end products as their name suggests. 4. Explain substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. What is the primary difference betwee ...
... lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation. Both of these processes result in the creation of 2 ATP for every mole of glucose but have different end products as their name suggests. 4. Explain substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. What is the primary difference betwee ...
Vitamins - Shanyar
... • The neurological disease sometimes predominates: B12 (not folate) is needed for the integrity of mylin • In severe deficiency there is demylination manifested as peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord degeneration, dementia and optic atrophy • Treatment with vit B12 is usually beneficial but often slo ...
... • The neurological disease sometimes predominates: B12 (not folate) is needed for the integrity of mylin • In severe deficiency there is demylination manifested as peripheral neuropathy, spinal cord degeneration, dementia and optic atrophy • Treatment with vit B12 is usually beneficial but often slo ...
Study Guide
... 2. What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis? __________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______ ...
... 2. What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis? __________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Of what importance are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation to the cells that use these pathways? ___________________________________ _______ ...
Amino Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About
... • Leucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two seps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydrat ...
... • Leucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two seps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydrat ...
Chapter 9 - Slothnet
... • Electrons flow back across the membrane through a channel protein, ATP synthase, which couples the diffusion with ATP synthesis. ...
... • Electrons flow back across the membrane through a channel protein, ATP synthase, which couples the diffusion with ATP synthesis. ...
Amino Acid Catabolism - Chemistry Courses: About
... • Leucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two seps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydrat ...
... • Leucine is degraded to acetyl CoA and acetoacetate by a pathway whose first two seps are identical to those of valine degradation (Figure 18-11). The third step is the same as the first step of fatty acid oxidation. The fourth step involves an ATPdependent carboxylation, the fifth step is a hydrat ...
Liver Function Tests slides 2009
... diameter, forms the structural unit of the liver. It is composed of cords of liver cells (hepatocytes) radiating from a central vein. The boundary of each lobule is formed by a portal tract made up of connective tissue containing a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct. ...
... diameter, forms the structural unit of the liver. It is composed of cords of liver cells (hepatocytes) radiating from a central vein. The boundary of each lobule is formed by a portal tract made up of connective tissue containing a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct. ...
Energy For Muscular Activity
... Evaluated by measuring the maximal volume of oxygen that can be consumed per kilogram of mass in a given amount of time This measure is called aerobic power or VO2 max (ml/min/kg) Factors that contribute to a high aerobic power: a) arterial oxygen content (CaO2) ...
... Evaluated by measuring the maximal volume of oxygen that can be consumed per kilogram of mass in a given amount of time This measure is called aerobic power or VO2 max (ml/min/kg) Factors that contribute to a high aerobic power: a) arterial oxygen content (CaO2) ...
2014 Cellular Respiration ppt
... types of respiration) -- Enzymeassisted anaerobic process that breaks down one sixcarbon molecule of glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate ions, producing a net result of 2 ATP and a NADH, electron carrier, molecule. This step occurs in the cytoplasm. ...
... types of respiration) -- Enzymeassisted anaerobic process that breaks down one sixcarbon molecule of glucose to two three-carbon pyruvate ions, producing a net result of 2 ATP and a NADH, electron carrier, molecule. This step occurs in the cytoplasm. ...
An overview of Metabolism - Harford Community College
... Kreb’s Cycle (TCA, citric) • Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid • as the cycle continues carbons are removed, forming CO2 and NAD/FAD are reduced to NADH/FADH (coenzymes and electron ...
... Kreb’s Cycle (TCA, citric) • Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid • as the cycle continues carbons are removed, forming CO2 and NAD/FAD are reduced to NADH/FADH (coenzymes and electron ...
study - Cengage
... Review the key points of this chapter below, then take the practice quiz on the back of this card. ...
... Review the key points of this chapter below, then take the practice quiz on the back of this card. ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... energy provision, pathway entry point(s), and key terms (amino acid, deamination). ...
... energy provision, pathway entry point(s), and key terms (amino acid, deamination). ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.