Carbon-Based Molecules
... fatty acids are shown in figure 3.4. Many lipids, both fats and oils, contain three fatty acids bonded to glycerol. They are called triglycerides. Most animal fats are saturated fats, which means they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. That is, every place that a hydrogen atom can ...
... fatty acids are shown in figure 3.4. Many lipids, both fats and oils, contain three fatty acids bonded to glycerol. They are called triglycerides. Most animal fats are saturated fats, which means they have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible. That is, every place that a hydrogen atom can ...
Metabolic acidosis
... D-Lactic acidosis • Certain bacteria in the GI tract may convert carbohydrate (cellulose) into organic acids – primarily D-lactic acid which when absorbed is very slowly metabolized • Most patients who develop D-lactic acidosis have slow GI transit as with blind loops, obstruction, drugs decreasing ...
... D-Lactic acidosis • Certain bacteria in the GI tract may convert carbohydrate (cellulose) into organic acids – primarily D-lactic acid which when absorbed is very slowly metabolized • Most patients who develop D-lactic acidosis have slow GI transit as with blind loops, obstruction, drugs decreasing ...
8 Cellular Respiration-An Overview
... dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of ...
... dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of ...
Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT)
... gradient of glucose (and other sugars) across plasma membranes and exhibit different substrate specificities, kinetic properties and tissue expression profiles. The first transporter to be isolated, GLUT1, was cloned from a HepG2 cell line (Mueckler et al. 1985). Identification of other members of t ...
... gradient of glucose (and other sugars) across plasma membranes and exhibit different substrate specificities, kinetic properties and tissue expression profiles. The first transporter to be isolated, GLUT1, was cloned from a HepG2 cell line (Mueckler et al. 1985). Identification of other members of t ...
Lesson - ACS Distance Education (UK)
... This is a combination of two systems; the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels), and the respiratory system (lungs and air passages). Blood is a combination of specialised cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. The cells are primarily red blood cells (erythrocytes) as well as white blood ...
... This is a combination of two systems; the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels), and the respiratory system (lungs and air passages). Blood is a combination of specialised cells suspended in a liquid called plasma. The cells are primarily red blood cells (erythrocytes) as well as white blood ...
Unconstrained Simulations of the Alanine and Cori Cycles In the
... Physiologically, the two cycles do not occur exclusively. To further analyze the interaction between the HM and MM, an unconstrained assessment was completed. First, unconstrained simulations of the Cori Cycle yielded the same results as the constrained simulations. This result suggests that the mos ...
... Physiologically, the two cycles do not occur exclusively. To further analyze the interaction between the HM and MM, an unconstrained assessment was completed. First, unconstrained simulations of the Cori Cycle yielded the same results as the constrained simulations. This result suggests that the mos ...
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[C275/SQP364] NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Human Biology
... Urease and urea solutions were mixed together and added to test tubes containing agar jelly as shown in the diagram. Five different concentrations of urea solution were added to the test tubes. During the reaction the ammonia produced diffused through the agar changing the indicator from ye ...
... Urease and urea solutions were mixed together and added to test tubes containing agar jelly as shown in the diagram. Five different concentrations of urea solution were added to the test tubes. During the reaction the ammonia produced diffused through the agar changing the indicator from ye ...
Laboratory Medicine—Chemistry II
... simple sugars. Useful in acute abdominal pain and detection and monitoring clinical course of pancreatitis. It is sensitive but not specific for pancreatitis. Rises within 12 hours of onset. Rapidly cleared by the kidneys. Also increases with pancreatic injury/duct problems. Patients with chronic pa ...
... simple sugars. Useful in acute abdominal pain and detection and monitoring clinical course of pancreatitis. It is sensitive but not specific for pancreatitis. Rises within 12 hours of onset. Rapidly cleared by the kidneys. Also increases with pancreatic injury/duct problems. Patients with chronic pa ...
University of Groningen Metabolic adaptations in models of
... Many different signals are involved in the establishment of zonal heterogenic properties of hepatocytes. First of all, liver innervation seems to play a substantial role (e.g. [247]). Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers enter the liver near the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The extent ...
... Many different signals are involved in the establishment of zonal heterogenic properties of hepatocytes. First of all, liver innervation seems to play a substantial role (e.g. [247]). Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers enter the liver near the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The extent ...
Glycogen Earth organisms use three major forms of - Rose
... UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase also catalyzes a reversible reaction, the addition of UTP to the glucose-1-phosphate, with release of pyrophosphate. The reaction is driven physiologically by cleavage of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate by pyrophosphatase. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reactio ...
... UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase also catalyzes a reversible reaction, the addition of UTP to the glucose-1-phosphate, with release of pyrophosphate. The reaction is driven physiologically by cleavage of pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate by pyrophosphatase. The UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reactio ...
King Saud University
... The sum of all proteins and globulins. Most proteins are synthesized in the Liver and released into biological fluids. It measures the sum of circulating proteins: Albumin, Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta and Gamma Globulins. Albumin must be measured at the same time to distinguish any increase or decrease i ...
... The sum of all proteins and globulins. Most proteins are synthesized in the Liver and released into biological fluids. It measures the sum of circulating proteins: Albumin, Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta and Gamma Globulins. Albumin must be measured at the same time to distinguish any increase or decrease i ...
Energy Systems
... responsible for increases in acidity in the muscle. High acidity is one factor that contributes to acute muscular discomfort experienced during and shortly after intense exercise. However, recent evidence suggests fatigue is caused by calcium leaking into muscle cells from release channels within th ...
... responsible for increases in acidity in the muscle. High acidity is one factor that contributes to acute muscular discomfort experienced during and shortly after intense exercise. However, recent evidence suggests fatigue is caused by calcium leaking into muscle cells from release channels within th ...
Chapter 7
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
Diseases - Website of Neelay Gandhi
... Indigestible polysaccharides can be digested by bacteria in the lower part of the gut, which can lead to gas and the runs (e.g. Raffinose) ...
... Indigestible polysaccharides can be digested by bacteria in the lower part of the gut, which can lead to gas and the runs (e.g. Raffinose) ...
... to regenerate ___________________ for use in _____________________ (name of a metabolic pathway). The lactate is usually converted to glucose in the __________________ (organ). Choice C: In the reaction that involves the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA would be called a ____________ ...
General Biology I (BIOLS 102)
... Four ATP molecules are formed by substratelevel ATP synthesis Net gain of two ATP from glycolysis, why? Both G3Ps are oxidized to pyruvates Pyruvate enters mitochondria if oxygen is available and aerobic respiration follows If oxygen is not available, glycolysis becomes a part of fermentat ...
... Four ATP molecules are formed by substratelevel ATP synthesis Net gain of two ATP from glycolysis, why? Both G3Ps are oxidized to pyruvates Pyruvate enters mitochondria if oxygen is available and aerobic respiration follows If oxygen is not available, glycolysis becomes a part of fermentat ...
Chapter 7
... mitochondria and aerobic respiration will begin. • 4 ATP molecules are produced. Two are used to break apart the next glucose molecule and keep glycolysis going. • This leaves a net yield of 2 ATP molecules for use by the cell. • Two NAD+ are converted into 2 NADH and 2H+. These go to Electron Trans ...
... mitochondria and aerobic respiration will begin. • 4 ATP molecules are produced. Two are used to break apart the next glucose molecule and keep glycolysis going. • This leaves a net yield of 2 ATP molecules for use by the cell. • Two NAD+ are converted into 2 NADH and 2H+. These go to Electron Trans ...
Metabolism—the lost child of cardiology∗
... Energy transfer in the heart. Because the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, an understanding of the control and regulation of energy substrate metabolism remains an important field of research. Energy is the capacity to do work. The release of energy from fuels is achieved by the step-by-s ...
... Energy transfer in the heart. Because the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, an understanding of the control and regulation of energy substrate metabolism remains an important field of research. Energy is the capacity to do work. The release of energy from fuels is achieved by the step-by-s ...
energy & cellular respiration
... Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle aka Krebs • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis – The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are often referred to as Aerobic respiration and both occur in the mitochondria ...
... Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle aka Krebs • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis – The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are often referred to as Aerobic respiration and both occur in the mitochondria ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... The long, flexible link between biotin and the enzyme enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site of the enzyme (the ATP-bicarbonate site) to the other (the pyruvate site). The activated carboxyl group is then transferred from carboxybiotin to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. ...
... The long, flexible link between biotin and the enzyme enables the carboxybiotin to rotate from one active site of the enzyme (the ATP-bicarbonate site) to the other (the pyruvate site). The activated carboxyl group is then transferred from carboxybiotin to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.