Slide 1
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, – a single molecule of ____________ is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of _____________ are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of ____________, and ...
... Glycolysis harvests chemical energy by oxidizing glucose to pyruvate In glycolysis, – a single molecule of ____________ is enzymatically cut in half through a series of steps, – two molecules of _____________ are produced, – two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to two molecules of ____________, and ...
BACK TO GAME
... A highly toxic compound released during the deamination of amino acids is ________. a. b. c. d. ...
... A highly toxic compound released during the deamination of amino acids is ________. a. b. c. d. ...
Diabetes Mellitus Overview and Treatments
... - Metformin was first described in the scientific literature in 1957 (Unger et al). - It was first marketed in France in 1979 but did not receive FDA approval for Type 2 diabetes until 1994. Metformin is a widely used monotherapy, and also used in combination with the sulfonylureas in treatment of t ...
... - Metformin was first described in the scientific literature in 1957 (Unger et al). - It was first marketed in France in 1979 but did not receive FDA approval for Type 2 diabetes until 1994. Metformin is a widely used monotherapy, and also used in combination with the sulfonylureas in treatment of t ...
Aim: What is fermentation?
... either fermentation or respiration. •At a cellular level, human muscle cells can behave as facultative anaerobes, but nerve cells cannot. •For facultative anaerobes, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative routes. ...
... either fermentation or respiration. •At a cellular level, human muscle cells can behave as facultative anaerobes, but nerve cells cannot. •For facultative anaerobes, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative routes. ...
Diabetes
... In the case of type 1 diabetes, insulin levels are grossly deficient. Thus type 1 diabetes is invariably treated with insulin Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with obesity. Serum insulin levels are normal or elevated, so this is a disease of insulin resistance. A number of treatment options ...
... In the case of type 1 diabetes, insulin levels are grossly deficient. Thus type 1 diabetes is invariably treated with insulin Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with obesity. Serum insulin levels are normal or elevated, so this is a disease of insulin resistance. A number of treatment options ...
Ethanol
... Absorption of ethanol from the duodenum and jejunum is much more rapid than from the stomach; hence the rate of gastric emptying is an important determinant of the rate of absorption of orally administered ethanol. DISTRIBUTION: To body water. Women ...
... Absorption of ethanol from the duodenum and jejunum is much more rapid than from the stomach; hence the rate of gastric emptying is an important determinant of the rate of absorption of orally administered ethanol. DISTRIBUTION: To body water. Women ...
Cellular respiration
... What 2 molecules transform pyrvate?___ What molecule is made and released through the cell membrane?___ What molecule is made and will go to the ETC?___ What does acetyl-Co A join with?_____ How many carbon atoms is citrate?_____ What gets recycled when citrate is made?___ After 1 cycle of Krebs cyc ...
... What 2 molecules transform pyrvate?___ What molecule is made and released through the cell membrane?___ What molecule is made and will go to the ETC?___ What does acetyl-Co A join with?_____ How many carbon atoms is citrate?_____ What gets recycled when citrate is made?___ After 1 cycle of Krebs cyc ...
Microbiology - Chapter 7 & 8
... Thus oxygen is the final electron acceptor( producing Water). Anaerobes use a different set of enzymes, a Fermentative pathway that generates other acids, alcohols or gasses (lactic acid, ethanol, CO2) ** electron acceptor is an “organic molecule”** If no regeneration of NAD, the glycolysis pathway ...
... Thus oxygen is the final electron acceptor( producing Water). Anaerobes use a different set of enzymes, a Fermentative pathway that generates other acids, alcohols or gasses (lactic acid, ethanol, CO2) ** electron acceptor is an “organic molecule”** If no regeneration of NAD, the glycolysis pathway ...
... bilayer is +60 kJ/M. The standard free energy for the transfer of the sidechain of Cysteine to a nonpolar environment is –3 kJ/mol. You add large amounts of phospholipid to a 1 mM solution of Cys20 and allow the system to come to equilibrium. What is the concentration of Cys20 free in aqueous soluti ...
6 - rguhs
... aged. Exocytosis rather than cell lysis was the primary means of release of glucose oxidase from cells. Enzyme stability studies confirmed that the glucose oxidase of T. flavus is an extremely stable enzyme, retaining 13% of its original activity after 2 weeks at 25°C and retaining activity for seve ...
... aged. Exocytosis rather than cell lysis was the primary means of release of glucose oxidase from cells. Enzyme stability studies confirmed that the glucose oxidase of T. flavus is an extremely stable enzyme, retaining 13% of its original activity after 2 weeks at 25°C and retaining activity for seve ...
![[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002254284_1-9ecb94e9c5e6c14c57ae26d63989e9aa-300x300.png)
[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen
... reported by these newer methods remain controversial. Katz et al. (23) suggested that net gluconeogenic flux values of about three times the tricarboxylic acid cycle rate are unsustainable, because the ATP demand for gluconeogenesis exceeds the total ATP output of the citric acid cycle via substrate ...
... reported by these newer methods remain controversial. Katz et al. (23) suggested that net gluconeogenic flux values of about three times the tricarboxylic acid cycle rate are unsustainable, because the ATP demand for gluconeogenesis exceeds the total ATP output of the citric acid cycle via substrate ...
No Slide Title
... • Occurs in the cytoplasm of all organisms. • 6 Carbon Glucose splits into 2 molecules each containing 3 carbons (called pyruvate) • Because Glucose is a pretty stable molecule, energy is needed to start this reaction (2ATP) ...
... • Occurs in the cytoplasm of all organisms. • 6 Carbon Glucose splits into 2 molecules each containing 3 carbons (called pyruvate) • Because Glucose is a pretty stable molecule, energy is needed to start this reaction (2ATP) ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative
... FADH2 = ____ ATP in ET NADH = ____ ATP in ET NADH produced in cytoplasm yields ____ATP ...
... FADH2 = ____ ATP in ET NADH = ____ ATP in ET NADH produced in cytoplasm yields ____ATP ...
16. Energy Metabolism
... amino acids, monosaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and occasionally, ethanol. The liver is able to process most of the amino acids through a combination of transamination and oxidative deamination, but poorly transaminates the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (21). In s ...
... amino acids, monosaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and occasionally, ethanol. The liver is able to process most of the amino acids through a combination of transamination and oxidative deamination, but poorly transaminates the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (21). In s ...
Test 1
... the PFK-2/FBPase-2 enzyme gets phosphorylated PFK-2 activity lost, FBPase-2 activity gained F26BP gets dephosphorylated so [F26BP]9 As [F26BP]9, PFK-1 activity9,& FBPase-1activity 8 so glycolysis 9 and neogenesis8 so sugar build up in liver cell Insulin 8 A signal that the blood sugar level is too h ...
... the PFK-2/FBPase-2 enzyme gets phosphorylated PFK-2 activity lost, FBPase-2 activity gained F26BP gets dephosphorylated so [F26BP]9 As [F26BP]9, PFK-1 activity9,& FBPase-1activity 8 so glycolysis 9 and neogenesis8 so sugar build up in liver cell Insulin 8 A signal that the blood sugar level is too h ...
Urinalysis Monograph
... Centrifuge 5.0 mL of a mixed, freshly voided or catheterized urine in a conical centrifuge tube for 5 minutes at high speed. Remove 4.5 mL (or 90% of whatever volume was centriguged) of the supernatant fluid, leaving a 10-fold concentration of the urine sediment. Resuspend the sediment by gently mix ...
... Centrifuge 5.0 mL of a mixed, freshly voided or catheterized urine in a conical centrifuge tube for 5 minutes at high speed. Remove 4.5 mL (or 90% of whatever volume was centriguged) of the supernatant fluid, leaving a 10-fold concentration of the urine sediment. Resuspend the sediment by gently mix ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... Glycogen, a storage form of glucose in vertebrates, is synthesized by glycogenesis when glucose levels are high and degraded by glycogenolysis when glucose is in short supply. Glucose can also be synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors by reactions referred to as gluconeogenesis. The pentose pho ...
... Glycogen, a storage form of glucose in vertebrates, is synthesized by glycogenesis when glucose levels are high and degraded by glycogenolysis when glucose is in short supply. Glucose can also be synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors by reactions referred to as gluconeogenesis. The pentose pho ...
Treating heart attack with different food substrates
... were taking suboptimum conventional therapy. Rosano and colleagues38 demonstrated improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction among patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but without frank heart failure, following 6 months of trimetazidine ...
... were taking suboptimum conventional therapy. Rosano and colleagues38 demonstrated improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction among patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, but without frank heart failure, following 6 months of trimetazidine ...
New concepts of cellular fatty acid uptake: role of fatty acid transport
... Efficient uptake and channelling of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are critical cell functions. Evidence is emerging that proteins are important mediators of LCFA-trafficking into cells and various proteins have been suggested to be involved in this process. Amongst these proteins is a family of memb ...
... Efficient uptake and channelling of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are critical cell functions. Evidence is emerging that proteins are important mediators of LCFA-trafficking into cells and various proteins have been suggested to be involved in this process. Amongst these proteins is a family of memb ...
Master Beekeeper Certification Course: Category #7
... Honeybees process nectar into honey by removing water biophysically and chemically by absorbing water and passing it from one bee to another and mechanically by fanning to evaporate the stored nectar. This raw honey is composed of a variety of sugars; mainly glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), ...
... Honeybees process nectar into honey by removing water biophysically and chemically by absorbing water and passing it from one bee to another and mechanically by fanning to evaporate the stored nectar. This raw honey is composed of a variety of sugars; mainly glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), ...
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... and by β-oxidation of fatty acids is in the mitochondria. • For fatty acid biosynthesis, acetylCoA has to be transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. This is done via a shuttle system called the Citrate Shuttle. • AcetylCoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate. A tricarboxylate transl ...
... and by β-oxidation of fatty acids is in the mitochondria. • For fatty acid biosynthesis, acetylCoA has to be transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. This is done via a shuttle system called the Citrate Shuttle. • AcetylCoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate. A tricarboxylate transl ...
PP - Chemistry Courses: About
... vary considerably, but all amino acids are degraded to one of seven metabolites: ...
... vary considerably, but all amino acids are degraded to one of seven metabolites: ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.