Hexokinase
... Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway—it does not require oxygen 1.The TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle is aerobic. When oxygen is abundant, cells prefer to combine these pathways in aerobic ...
... Glycolysis is an anaerobic pathway—it does not require oxygen 1.The TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle is aerobic. When oxygen is abundant, cells prefer to combine these pathways in aerobic ...
Nutrition for Endurance Athletes
... supplements to replenish the vitamins and minerals leached from the body as a result of perspiring. Our products contain these vitamins and minerals and ensure that athletes get the right amount. CARBOHYDRATES Not only is the amount of carbs crucial but also their composition. Some carbs, such as gl ...
... supplements to replenish the vitamins and minerals leached from the body as a result of perspiring. Our products contain these vitamins and minerals and ensure that athletes get the right amount. CARBOHYDRATES Not only is the amount of carbs crucial but also their composition. Some carbs, such as gl ...
Lipids- Structure and Metabolism
... After emulsification, lipids are hydrolysed by the lipolytic enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, phospholipase and cholesterol esterase, present in the ...
... After emulsification, lipids are hydrolysed by the lipolytic enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, phospholipase and cholesterol esterase, present in the ...
LIPID METABOLISM BIOSYNTHESIS or DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF
... into cytoplasm through inner mitochondrial membrane. So acetyl CoA condenses with Oxaloacetate in mitochondria to form citrate. Citrate is freely transported to cytosol where it is cleaved by citrate lyase to liberate acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate. ...
... into cytoplasm through inner mitochondrial membrane. So acetyl CoA condenses with Oxaloacetate in mitochondria to form citrate. Citrate is freely transported to cytosol where it is cleaved by citrate lyase to liberate acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate. ...
Zygorrhynchus moelleri
... of the fungus Zygorrhynchus moelleri for short periods of time, and a partial analysis was made of the nature of those substances incorporating radiocarbon from labelled glucose. It was found that although glucose was metabolized more rapidly by unstarved cells it rapidly entered the cells in both n ...
... of the fungus Zygorrhynchus moelleri for short periods of time, and a partial analysis was made of the nature of those substances incorporating radiocarbon from labelled glucose. It was found that although glucose was metabolized more rapidly by unstarved cells it rapidly entered the cells in both n ...
The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in some
... The mechanism of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in two estuarine strains of Ffexibucterwas investigated. Addition of cyclic AMP (CAMP)inhibited the incorporation of radiolabelled acetate into fatty acids of lateexponential phase cultures of strain Inp2. Cerulenin selectively inhibited the incor ...
... The mechanism of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in two estuarine strains of Ffexibucterwas investigated. Addition of cyclic AMP (CAMP)inhibited the incorporation of radiolabelled acetate into fatty acids of lateexponential phase cultures of strain Inp2. Cerulenin selectively inhibited the incor ...
BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... This source is used for short spells of strenuous effort lasting less than 3 minutes as in gymnastics, 200 – 800 metre races in athletics, 100 – 200 metre races in swimming events. The capacity of the muscles for such effort is about 95 – 120 kJ and the maximum power output is approx. 3 – 4 kW but t ...
... This source is used for short spells of strenuous effort lasting less than 3 minutes as in gymnastics, 200 – 800 metre races in athletics, 100 – 200 metre races in swimming events. The capacity of the muscles for such effort is about 95 – 120 kJ and the maximum power output is approx. 3 – 4 kW but t ...
Aerobic Respiration
... • Citric acid cycle – a series of eight reactions that further breaks down the end product of glycolysis (acetyl CoA) to carbon dioxide ...
... • Citric acid cycle – a series of eight reactions that further breaks down the end product of glycolysis (acetyl CoA) to carbon dioxide ...
Case Study #2 Understanding the Disease and
... day 4. These lower values are due to the fact that the patient is on a ventilator which is also demonstrated by the values given by the Ireton Jones Energy Equation in #11. The patient’s hospital course indicates that his dextrose was increased to 350 g per day and his protein was increased to 180 ...
... day 4. These lower values are due to the fact that the patient is on a ventilator which is also demonstrated by the values given by the Ireton Jones Energy Equation in #11. The patient’s hospital course indicates that his dextrose was increased to 350 g per day and his protein was increased to 180 ...
respiration in plants
... through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called respiration. The compounds that are oxidised during this process are known as respiratory substrates. Usually carbohydrates are oxidised to release energy, but proteins, fats and even organic acids can ...
... through oxidation within the cells, leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called respiration. The compounds that are oxidised during this process are known as respiratory substrates. Usually carbohydrates are oxidised to release energy, but proteins, fats and even organic acids can ...
Respiration
... The pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated by the multienzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase consisting of multiple copies of three enzymes ( E1. E2, E3 ) each with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also te ...
... The pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated by the multienzyme complex called the pyruvate dehydrogenase consisting of multiple copies of three enzymes ( E1. E2, E3 ) each with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also te ...
Kin 310 Exercise/Work Physiology
... uses 1 ATP produces 1 NADH and 1 FADH2 same through Krebs as acetyl co-a 12 ATP total of 16 ATP for first acyl 17 for remainder last only 12 - does not go through beta oxidation ...
... uses 1 ATP produces 1 NADH and 1 FADH2 same through Krebs as acetyl co-a 12 ATP total of 16 ATP for first acyl 17 for remainder last only 12 - does not go through beta oxidation ...
Synthetic biology for engineering acetyl coenzyme a
... The study also clearly demonstrated that functional PDH activity in the cytosol required the addition of lipoic acid to the medium. The cytosolic localization of the enzyme was demonstrated by subcellular fractionation followed by gel filtration and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, enzyme activity co ...
... The study also clearly demonstrated that functional PDH activity in the cytosol required the addition of lipoic acid to the medium. The cytosolic localization of the enzyme was demonstrated by subcellular fractionation followed by gel filtration and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, enzyme activity co ...
Chapter 7 Carbohydrates: Nomenclature Monosaccharides
... mixture of the two contains more beta than alpha. Note we most commonly find glucose and other aldohexoses in the pyranose ring form, while fructose, a keto hexose, is found in the furanose ring form, and ribose, an aldopentose, is found in the furanose ring form. The free sugars can exist as a mixt ...
... mixture of the two contains more beta than alpha. Note we most commonly find glucose and other aldohexoses in the pyranose ring form, while fructose, a keto hexose, is found in the furanose ring form, and ribose, an aldopentose, is found in the furanose ring form. The free sugars can exist as a mixt ...
Chapter 3: The Chemical Basis for Life Lesson 2: Organic Compounds
... allows carbon to form the backbone of organic compounds, carbon-containing compounds, which are the basis of all known organic life. Nearly 10 million carbon-containing organic compounds are known. Types of carbon compounds in organisms include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The ...
... allows carbon to form the backbone of organic compounds, carbon-containing compounds, which are the basis of all known organic life. Nearly 10 million carbon-containing organic compounds are known. Types of carbon compounds in organisms include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The ...
Ch. 22 Glycolysis • Explain how glucose is universal fuel, oxidized in
... • Lactate and H+ transported to blood; can have lactic acidosis Fig. 9 ...
... • Lactate and H+ transported to blood; can have lactic acidosis Fig. 9 ...
Anaerobic glycolysis
... c. Pyruvate kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme d. One molecule of pyruvate and 3 olecules of CO2 are formed from the oxidation of 1 glucose e. The reactions take place in the matrix of the mitochondria ...
... c. Pyruvate kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme d. One molecule of pyruvate and 3 olecules of CO2 are formed from the oxidation of 1 glucose e. The reactions take place in the matrix of the mitochondria ...
AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the
... streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hearts [45] and an increase in mRNA expression during high-fat feeding, fasting and streptozotocin-induced diabetes [46]. This group of studies and several others show a correlation between MCD activity and myocardial fatty acid oxidation rates, indicating that MC ...
... streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat hearts [45] and an increase in mRNA expression during high-fat feeding, fasting and streptozotocin-induced diabetes [46]. This group of studies and several others show a correlation between MCD activity and myocardial fatty acid oxidation rates, indicating that MC ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... acids and amino acids) to any of the citric acid cycle intermediate, thus neither to carbohydrates. • Net conversion of acetate to four-carbon citric acid cycle intermediates occurs via the glyoxylate cycle, found in plants, certain invertebrates, and some microorganisms (including E. coli and yeast ...
... acids and amino acids) to any of the citric acid cycle intermediate, thus neither to carbohydrates. • Net conversion of acetate to four-carbon citric acid cycle intermediates occurs via the glyoxylate cycle, found in plants, certain invertebrates, and some microorganisms (including E. coli and yeast ...
Basic mechanisms of normal and abnormal
... Water is necessary for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and for the elimination of wastes. Water provides a fluid environment for the movement of lumenal contents, a solution for digestive enzyme action, and a medium to deliver solute to absorptive surfaces. The daily input of water into th ...
... Water is necessary for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and for the elimination of wastes. Water provides a fluid environment for the movement of lumenal contents, a solution for digestive enzyme action, and a medium to deliver solute to absorptive surfaces. The daily input of water into th ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.