ADP
... one time of substrate level phosphorylation *Yield one molecule of FADH2, three molecules of NADH+H+, two molecules of CO2, one molecule of GTP. ...
... one time of substrate level phosphorylation *Yield one molecule of FADH2, three molecules of NADH+H+, two molecules of CO2, one molecule of GTP. ...
Chapter
... Different fermentation pathways begin with glycolysis and end in the cytoplasm • Do not use oxygen or electron transfer chains • Final steps do not produce ATP; only regenerate oxidized NAD+ required for glycolysis to continue ...
... Different fermentation pathways begin with glycolysis and end in the cytoplasm • Do not use oxygen or electron transfer chains • Final steps do not produce ATP; only regenerate oxidized NAD+ required for glycolysis to continue ...
Cellular Respiration Worksheet and Answers
... 20. The usefulness of fermentation as a means of deriving energy is limited because a. It cannot generate enough ATP b. It produces too much NH2 c. The end products are toxic to the producer d. It uses more energy than it produces ...
... 20. The usefulness of fermentation as a means of deriving energy is limited because a. It cannot generate enough ATP b. It produces too much NH2 c. The end products are toxic to the producer d. It uses more energy than it produces ...
Help is just a phone call away!
... • 25 year old Latina mother brings her 1 yo daughter for an intestinal disorder. She describes fever, vomiting and diarrhea. She calls it empacho. • MD doesn’t find anything on PE so suggests acetaminophen and clear fluids. ...
... • 25 year old Latina mother brings her 1 yo daughter for an intestinal disorder. She describes fever, vomiting and diarrhea. She calls it empacho. • MD doesn’t find anything on PE so suggests acetaminophen and clear fluids. ...
Slide 1
... Most cases Glc-6-P is end product---used in other pathways - glycogen, starch, pentose, hexose synthesis Enzyme only found in liver, kidney, small intestines Bound to ER with active site towards lumen Hydrolysis of phosphate irreversibly forms glucose Secretory pathway exports to blood stream for ot ...
... Most cases Glc-6-P is end product---used in other pathways - glycogen, starch, pentose, hexose synthesis Enzyme only found in liver, kidney, small intestines Bound to ER with active site towards lumen Hydrolysis of phosphate irreversibly forms glucose Secretory pathway exports to blood stream for ot ...
of the fatty acid is oxidized. Fatty acid oxidation is divided into two
... bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon atoms yield a propionyl CoA at the final thiolysis step that must be converted into an easily usable form by additional enzyme reactions. ...
... bonds requires additional steps. Likewise, fatty acids containing an odd number of carbon atoms yield a propionyl CoA at the final thiolysis step that must be converted into an easily usable form by additional enzyme reactions. ...
Lecture No. 7
... • By peeling we remove 60-95 % of solanin • It is recommended not to expose them to light. Tuber reacts with rapid synthesis of alkaloids as a defence against stress • Once formed, these alkaloids cannot be removed during storage in dark • Another danger is mechanical damage which also leads to alk ...
... • By peeling we remove 60-95 % of solanin • It is recommended not to expose them to light. Tuber reacts with rapid synthesis of alkaloids as a defence against stress • Once formed, these alkaloids cannot be removed during storage in dark • Another danger is mechanical damage which also leads to alk ...
Course Outline - KSU Faculty Member websites
... For tutorial : Discussion in a relatively small groups including questions and answers together with a problem based learning (PBL) is actively encouraged during these tutorials . 3. Academic Supervisor: The students will be supervised by the teaching staff members to advise them on the academic and ...
... For tutorial : Discussion in a relatively small groups including questions and answers together with a problem based learning (PBL) is actively encouraged during these tutorials . 3. Academic Supervisor: The students will be supervised by the teaching staff members to advise them on the academic and ...
Ch31-Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
... glycogenolysis, and glucose is released into the blood. As glycogen stores decrease, adipose triacylglycerols are also degraded, providing fatty acids as an alternative fuel and glycerol for the synthesis of glucose by gluconeogenesis. Amino acids are also released from the muscle to serve as glucon ...
... glycogenolysis, and glucose is released into the blood. As glycogen stores decrease, adipose triacylglycerols are also degraded, providing fatty acids as an alternative fuel and glycerol for the synthesis of glucose by gluconeogenesis. Amino acids are also released from the muscle to serve as glucon ...
Sources of enzyme
... The sources of amylases are very numerous Amylases are produced by – microb, plant e. g., 1) amylase produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum which is clearly involved in the microbial conversion of polysaccharides to butanol and acetone. 2) amylase produced by Aspergillus niger, Penicillium ...
... The sources of amylases are very numerous Amylases are produced by – microb, plant e. g., 1) amylase produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum which is clearly involved in the microbial conversion of polysaccharides to butanol and acetone. 2) amylase produced by Aspergillus niger, Penicillium ...
Glycolysis
... The enzymes Glucokinase & Glucose-6-phosphatase, both found in liver but not in most other body cells, allow the liver to control blood [glucose]. ...
... The enzymes Glucokinase & Glucose-6-phosphatase, both found in liver but not in most other body cells, allow the liver to control blood [glucose]. ...
Glycolysis
... NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate transport of lactate. ...
... NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate transport of lactate. ...
Seattle Functional Medicine Presentation
... Hyperammonemia is a major problem if the person has inadequate excretion capabilities, e.g. low arginine, ornithine. Note also that ammonia is toxic, as it will deplete alpha-ketoglutarate levels, hence depressing CAC activity, resulting in energy depletion. Side-effects of hyperammonemia incl ...
... Hyperammonemia is a major problem if the person has inadequate excretion capabilities, e.g. low arginine, ornithine. Note also that ammonia is toxic, as it will deplete alpha-ketoglutarate levels, hence depressing CAC activity, resulting in energy depletion. Side-effects of hyperammonemia incl ...
Respiration - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... • Cytochrome c: is one of the proteins of the electron transport chain… often used by geneticists to determine relatedness… exists in all living organisms. • The Cytochromes alternate between RED and OX forms and pass electrons down to O2 ...
... • Cytochrome c: is one of the proteins of the electron transport chain… often used by geneticists to determine relatedness… exists in all living organisms. • The Cytochromes alternate between RED and OX forms and pass electrons down to O2 ...
lecture6
... carboxylase (Section 16.3.1). This is the molecular basis of the adage that fats burn in the flame of carbohydrates. In fasting or diabetes, oxaloacetate is consumed to form glucose by the gluconeogenic pathway and hence is unavailable for condensation with acetyl CoA. Under these conditions, acety ...
... carboxylase (Section 16.3.1). This is the molecular basis of the adage that fats burn in the flame of carbohydrates. In fasting or diabetes, oxaloacetate is consumed to form glucose by the gluconeogenic pathway and hence is unavailable for condensation with acetyl CoA. Under these conditions, acety ...
Wound Healing and the Importance of Nutrition
... Carbohydrates and fats will provide the body with fuel for wound healing. If there is insufficient carbohydrate, the body breaks down protein to provide glucose for cellular activitiy. Good sources of carbohydrates are wholegrain cereals, breads, potatos and rice. Good sources of fats are meat and ...
... Carbohydrates and fats will provide the body with fuel for wound healing. If there is insufficient carbohydrate, the body breaks down protein to provide glucose for cellular activitiy. Good sources of carbohydrates are wholegrain cereals, breads, potatos and rice. Good sources of fats are meat and ...
Chapter 5b Cell Respiration
... 21. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? Across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion 22. Along with ATP, oxygen is converted to _water_ in the Electron Transport Chain. Pg. 108 23. Why does the Electron Chain not work if no oxygen is there? O2 is not there as the final e- acceptor 24. T ...
... 21. Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur? Across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion 22. Along with ATP, oxygen is converted to _water_ in the Electron Transport Chain. Pg. 108 23. Why does the Electron Chain not work if no oxygen is there? O2 is not there as the final e- acceptor 24. T ...
Time: 1.5 hour
... (a) The amount of CO2 released is more than the O2 consumed (b) The amount of CO2 released is less than the O2 consumed (c) The amount of CO2 released is equal to O2 consumed (d) CO2 is not released 28. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is used in converting (a) Pyruvate to glucose (b) Glucose to pyruvate (c) ...
... (a) The amount of CO2 released is more than the O2 consumed (b) The amount of CO2 released is less than the O2 consumed (c) The amount of CO2 released is equal to O2 consumed (d) CO2 is not released 28. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is used in converting (a) Pyruvate to glucose (b) Glucose to pyruvate (c) ...
Plasma Total Amino Acids, Plasma Glutamate
... only decreases the formation of glucose through gluconeogenesis by suppressing the activities of key gluconeogenic enzymes but also suppresses the tissue proteolysis (11, 15, 17) thereby decreasing the availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The results of present study with type 2 diabetic ...
... only decreases the formation of glucose through gluconeogenesis by suppressing the activities of key gluconeogenic enzymes but also suppresses the tissue proteolysis (11, 15, 17) thereby decreasing the availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The results of present study with type 2 diabetic ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.