ATP
... [Glyco=sweet, sugar; lysis = to split] ≡ a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, a six-carbon compound, into two molecules of pyruvic acid, a three-carbon compound. 4ATP 2ATP ...
... [Glyco=sweet, sugar; lysis = to split] ≡ a series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose, a six-carbon compound, into two molecules of pyruvic acid, a three-carbon compound. 4ATP 2ATP ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... Why does the body preferentially utilize glycogen before fat since fat is more abundant in the body? Muscle can not mobilize fat as efficiently as glycogen. Fatty acid residues cannot be metabolize anaerobically Animals can not convert fat to glucose ...
... Why does the body preferentially utilize glycogen before fat since fat is more abundant in the body? Muscle can not mobilize fat as efficiently as glycogen. Fatty acid residues cannot be metabolize anaerobically Animals can not convert fat to glucose ...
Part II: Multiple Choice Questions
... C) is a six-carbon molecule. D) is the end product of chemiosmosis. E) forms at the end of glycolysis. 22) Between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, A) pyruvate is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH. B) coenzyme A is cleaved off of the four-carbon compound. C) a carbon atom is ...
... C) is a six-carbon molecule. D) is the end product of chemiosmosis. E) forms at the end of glycolysis. 22) Between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, A) pyruvate is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH. B) coenzyme A is cleaved off of the four-carbon compound. C) a carbon atom is ...
Constitutively Active CaMKKa Stimulates Skeletal Muscle
... of insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake. Despite this evidence, to date, no studies have examined whether activation of CaMKKa signaling plus insulin stimulation have additive effects on muscle glucose uptake, or whether activation of CaMKKa signaling can stimulate glucose uptake in a model of ...
... of insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake. Despite this evidence, to date, no studies have examined whether activation of CaMKKa signaling plus insulin stimulation have additive effects on muscle glucose uptake, or whether activation of CaMKKa signaling can stimulate glucose uptake in a model of ...
Pre AP Bio Nov 8 2016
... • How did we get from glucose to lactic acid? • In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP from aerobic respiration ...
... • How did we get from glucose to lactic acid? • In the liver, the process is “reversed” using ATP from aerobic respiration ...
File
... and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP Each FADH2 produces - 2 ATP Each NADH produces - 3 ATP ...
... and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP Each FADH2 produces - 2 ATP Each NADH produces - 3 ATP ...
File
... and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP Each FADH2 produces - 2 ATP Each NADH produces - 3 ATP ...
... and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP Each FADH2 produces - 2 ATP Each NADH produces - 3 ATP ...
lecture5
... kinase A, which activates the lipases by phosphorylating them. Thus, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and adrenocorticotropic hormone induce lipolysis (Figure 22.6). In contrast, insulin inhibits lipolysis. The released fatty acids are not soluble in blood plasma, and so, on release, serum alb ...
... kinase A, which activates the lipases by phosphorylating them. Thus, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and adrenocorticotropic hormone induce lipolysis (Figure 22.6). In contrast, insulin inhibits lipolysis. The released fatty acids are not soluble in blood plasma, and so, on release, serum alb ...
Glycogen storage diseases - Journal of Clinical Pathology
... step of glycogen synthesis proper is the formation of uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) from glucose 1phosphate. This reaction is reversible, but the next step is the irreversible reaction of UDPG with 'glycogen synthetase', which results in the formation of a chain in which glucose molecules are join ...
... step of glycogen synthesis proper is the formation of uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) from glucose 1phosphate. This reaction is reversible, but the next step is the irreversible reaction of UDPG with 'glycogen synthetase', which results in the formation of a chain in which glucose molecules are join ...
Adiponectin
... cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adiponectin reduced atherosclerotic plaques ...
... cells: adiponectin may thus protect vascular wall against atherogenic changes In mice overexpression of adiponectin reduced atherosclerotic plaques ...
Inhibitors are structural analogs of true substrate
... enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle participates in reaction of substrate phosphorylation? In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is damaged taking into account that arsen containing substances inactivate lipoic acid? ...
... enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle participates in reaction of substrate phosphorylation? In a patient are manifested symptoms of intoxication with arsenic compounds. What metabolic process is damaged taking into account that arsen containing substances inactivate lipoic acid? ...
Premigratory fat metabolism in hummingbirds: A Rumsfeldian
... flower, such ATP turnover rates are supported by glucose oxidation rates close to the maximal biochemical capacities for glucose phosphorylation, i.e., the Vmax values of muscle hexokinase (Suarez et al., 1990). During hovering in the fasted state, when fat stores are depleted and fatty acids are ox ...
... flower, such ATP turnover rates are supported by glucose oxidation rates close to the maximal biochemical capacities for glucose phosphorylation, i.e., the Vmax values of muscle hexokinase (Suarez et al., 1990). During hovering in the fasted state, when fat stores are depleted and fatty acids are ox ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... by NADH to form lactate (the ionized form of lactic acid) without release of CO2. Human muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruvat ...
... by NADH to form lactate (the ionized form of lactic acid) without release of CO2. Human muscle cells switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce. The waste product, lactate, may cause muscle fatigue, but ultimately it is converted back to pyruvat ...
Cholesterol and Heart Disease
... • You could give them HMG CO-A reductase inhibitors that stop the liver from producing cholesterol – Statin drugs inhibit pathway to producing cholesterol – When combined with diet and bile acid-binding resins +/- patients are reduced to normal levels ...
... • You could give them HMG CO-A reductase inhibitors that stop the liver from producing cholesterol – Statin drugs inhibit pathway to producing cholesterol – When combined with diet and bile acid-binding resins +/- patients are reduced to normal levels ...
Urea cycle
... The activity of urea cycle is regulated at two levels: • Dietary intake is primarily proteins much urea (amino acids are used for fuel) • Prolonged starvation breaks down of muscle proteins much urea also • The rate of synthesis of four urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I ( ...
... The activity of urea cycle is regulated at two levels: • Dietary intake is primarily proteins much urea (amino acids are used for fuel) • Prolonged starvation breaks down of muscle proteins much urea also • The rate of synthesis of four urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I ( ...
Modulation of glucokinase by glucose, small
... affinity and positive co-operativity for substrate glucose, and is not susceptible to product (glucose 6-phosphate) inhibition [2,3]. These properties are critical to the role GK plays as the glucose sensor. Given its pivotal role in regulating glucose homoeostasis, there has been significant intere ...
... affinity and positive co-operativity for substrate glucose, and is not susceptible to product (glucose 6-phosphate) inhibition [2,3]. These properties are critical to the role GK plays as the glucose sensor. Given its pivotal role in regulating glucose homoeostasis, there has been significant intere ...
Urea cycle
... The activity of urea cycle is regulated at two levels: • Dietary intake is primarily proteins much urea (amino acids are used for fuel) • Prolonged starvation breaks down of muscle proteins much urea also • The rate of synthesis of four urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I ( ...
... The activity of urea cycle is regulated at two levels: • Dietary intake is primarily proteins much urea (amino acids are used for fuel) • Prolonged starvation breaks down of muscle proteins much urea also • The rate of synthesis of four urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I ( ...
12_Lecture
... begin their journey through the inner membrane here. • Enzyme complexes I through V are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and electron carriers that transport the electrons and protons of NADH and FADH2 through the inner mitochondrial membrane. • Two of the electron carriers, coenzy ...
... begin their journey through the inner membrane here. • Enzyme complexes I through V are embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and electron carriers that transport the electrons and protons of NADH and FADH2 through the inner mitochondrial membrane. • Two of the electron carriers, coenzy ...
Cellular Respiration
... Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation • A molecule of CO2 is removed from pyruvate, forming a molecule of ...
... Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation • A molecule of CO2 is removed from pyruvate, forming a molecule of ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.