Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
... The replenishment of OAA in the TCA cycle under these conditions is by the carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2 in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. This is an energy-requiring reaction which is driven by ATP hydrolysis. Pyruvate carboxylase is located in the mitochondrial matri ...
... The replenishment of OAA in the TCA cycle under these conditions is by the carboxylation of pyruvate with CO2 in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. This is an energy-requiring reaction which is driven by ATP hydrolysis. Pyruvate carboxylase is located in the mitochondrial matri ...
Ch. 6 Textbook PowerPoint
... • In alcohol fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ while converting pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol ...
... • In alcohol fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ while converting pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration; the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate; the chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it down to ADP and phosphate; ATP can be regenerated during respiration; ...
... through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration; the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate; the chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it down to ADP and phosphate; ATP can be regenerated during respiration; ...
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylases: Versatile targets for
... CPT-I to prevent entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. In the postprandial state, where excess acetyl-CoA formation from dietary sources leads to increases in both ACC1mediated and ACC2-mediated malonyl-CoA production, simultaneous increases in fatty acid synthesis and reductions ...
... CPT-I to prevent entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. In the postprandial state, where excess acetyl-CoA formation from dietary sources leads to increases in both ACC1mediated and ACC2-mediated malonyl-CoA production, simultaneous increases in fatty acid synthesis and reductions ...
Lecture 2: Glycolysis Part 1 - Berkeley MCB
... molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO2 under anaerobic conditions, but when Pasteur added oxygen to this system, the generation of ethanol and CO2 stopped. Regulation. Why does PFK become inhibited? With O2, yeast cells metabolize the product of glycolysis in the citric acid cycle and oxidati ...
... molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO2 under anaerobic conditions, but when Pasteur added oxygen to this system, the generation of ethanol and CO2 stopped. Regulation. Why does PFK become inhibited? With O2, yeast cells metabolize the product of glycolysis in the citric acid cycle and oxidati ...
medbiochem exam, 1999
... 33. You are treating a patient who exhibits extreme sensitivity to UV light. You supect a form of xeroderma pigmentosa. You ask about any other incidences of light sensitivity in the family, and learn that this is the first incident observed. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The trait m ...
... 33. You are treating a patient who exhibits extreme sensitivity to UV light. You supect a form of xeroderma pigmentosa. You ask about any other incidences of light sensitivity in the family, and learn that this is the first incident observed. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The trait m ...
... Protein phosphorylation is used to coordinately regulate glycogen synthesis and degradation. Glycogen phosphorylase is active when phosphorylated since the phosphorylation state of proteins is high when glucose levels are low. (2 pts for statements along these lines). Therefore glycogen synthase sho ...
Blood Lactate Concentrations using Fast Glycolysis Comparison of
... same Biology class, and different fitness conditions. Everything was conducted the same way as to the athlete group to maintain consistency. After the 400 meter sprint, these individuals were very cooperative of being at complete rest for the following measurements. Since they were more precise with ...
... same Biology class, and different fitness conditions. Everything was conducted the same way as to the athlete group to maintain consistency. After the 400 meter sprint, these individuals were very cooperative of being at complete rest for the following measurements. Since they were more precise with ...
Antihyperlipoproteinemic Drugs
... - Binds to (-)vely charged bile acids and bile salts and increases their excretion in feces and so decreases bile acid return to liver, so liver uses cholesterol to make more bile acid and bile salt so the intracellular cholesterol goes down and so LDL receptors go up, which increases uptake of circ ...
... - Binds to (-)vely charged bile acids and bile salts and increases their excretion in feces and so decreases bile acid return to liver, so liver uses cholesterol to make more bile acid and bile salt so the intracellular cholesterol goes down and so LDL receptors go up, which increases uptake of circ ...
08_Cellular respiration ppt
... Occurs in matrix of mitochondria Begins by the addition of a two-carbon acetyl group to a four-carbon molecule (oxaloacetate), forming a six-carbon molecule (citric acid) NADH, FADH2 capture energy rich electrons ATP formed by substrate-level phosphorylation Turns twice for one glucose molecule. Pro ...
... Occurs in matrix of mitochondria Begins by the addition of a two-carbon acetyl group to a four-carbon molecule (oxaloacetate), forming a six-carbon molecule (citric acid) NADH, FADH2 capture energy rich electrons ATP formed by substrate-level phosphorylation Turns twice for one glucose molecule. Pro ...
Document
... – Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids. – Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol. Triglyceride ...
... – Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids. – Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol. Triglyceride ...
Cell Respiration
... step-wise catabolism of 6C citrate molecule • Evolved later than glycolysis o Does that make evolutionary sense? bacteria →3.5 billion years ago (glycolysis) free O2 →2.7 billion years ago (photosynthesis) eukaryotes →1.5 billion years ago (aerobic respiration ...
... step-wise catabolism of 6C citrate molecule • Evolved later than glycolysis o Does that make evolutionary sense? bacteria →3.5 billion years ago (glycolysis) free O2 →2.7 billion years ago (photosynthesis) eukaryotes →1.5 billion years ago (aerobic respiration ...
1. Products of Amino Acid Transamination Name
... 12. Role of Cobalamin in Amino Acid Catabolism Pernicious anemia is caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B12. What is the effect of this impairment on the catabolism of amino acids? Are all amino acids equally affected? (Hint: see Box 17–2.) Answer The catabolism of the carbon skeletons of valin ...
... 12. Role of Cobalamin in Amino Acid Catabolism Pernicious anemia is caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B12. What is the effect of this impairment on the catabolism of amino acids? Are all amino acids equally affected? (Hint: see Box 17–2.) Answer The catabolism of the carbon skeletons of valin ...
Amino and Fatty Acids of Wild Edible
... and betaine containing compounds [13,14] have also been found in wild fungi. Many biological active enzymes [15], including peroxidases [16], haloperoxidases [17], and others [18] have been isolated from different fungi and used in the chemical science and industry [19]. Mushrooms are the fungi that ...
... and betaine containing compounds [13,14] have also been found in wild fungi. Many biological active enzymes [15], including peroxidases [16], haloperoxidases [17], and others [18] have been isolated from different fungi and used in the chemical science and industry [19]. Mushrooms are the fungi that ...
Lecture 2 – Week 7 Control of Microbial Growth
... – Peptone: protein derivatives (other food for bacteria) – Phenol-Red: This is a pH indicator that is RED at pH 7 or higher (alkaline) but turns YELLOW at low pH (acidic). The broth is initially pH neutral. If fermentation occurs, and acid by-products are formed, the solution will turn yellow. – Dur ...
... – Peptone: protein derivatives (other food for bacteria) – Phenol-Red: This is a pH indicator that is RED at pH 7 or higher (alkaline) but turns YELLOW at low pH (acidic). The broth is initially pH neutral. If fermentation occurs, and acid by-products are formed, the solution will turn yellow. – Dur ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... III. De Novo Synthesis of Fatty Acids • A large proportion of the fatty acids used by the body is supplied by the diet. • Carbohydrates, protein, and other molecules obtained from the diet in excess of the body's needs for these compounds can be converted to fatty acids, which are stored as triacyl ...
... III. De Novo Synthesis of Fatty Acids • A large proportion of the fatty acids used by the body is supplied by the diet. • Carbohydrates, protein, and other molecules obtained from the diet in excess of the body's needs for these compounds can be converted to fatty acids, which are stored as triacyl ...
Oxidation - medscistudents
... into the Peroxisomes, thus long chain fatty acids (with 26-38 carbons) are not oxidized and accumulate in tissues like brain, kidney and muscle ...
... into the Peroxisomes, thus long chain fatty acids (with 26-38 carbons) are not oxidized and accumulate in tissues like brain, kidney and muscle ...
heat, chemical, radiant, etc.
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
... Once absorbed into body, can be stored temporarily as triglycerides or split into glycerol and three fatty acids which then are catabolized -->energy released by enzymatic breakage of bonds --> some work done and the rest lost as heat ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.