"Central Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism". In: Microbial
... The enzyme fructose bisphosphate (FPB) aldolase is one of the most critical steps in the pathway. In the absence of this enzyme, glucose or other hexose sugars must be metabolized via one of several alternative pathways, as discussed later. In general, glycolysis in muscle tissue, yeast, and many ba ...
... The enzyme fructose bisphosphate (FPB) aldolase is one of the most critical steps in the pathway. In the absence of this enzyme, glucose or other hexose sugars must be metabolized via one of several alternative pathways, as discussed later. In general, glycolysis in muscle tissue, yeast, and many ba ...
LESSON 11. СOMMUNICATION BETWEEN CELLS. MECHANISM
... heart, and skeletal muscle. The end product of glycogen breakdown in the liver is glucose. In contrast, the end product in skeletal muscle is pyruvate. (a) Why are different products of glycogen breakdown observed in the two tissues? (b)What is the advantage to the organism during a "fight or flight ...
... heart, and skeletal muscle. The end product of glycogen breakdown in the liver is glucose. In contrast, the end product in skeletal muscle is pyruvate. (a) Why are different products of glycogen breakdown observed in the two tissues? (b)What is the advantage to the organism during a "fight or flight ...
Lecture 9: Citric Acid Cycle/Fatty Acid Catabolism
... Metabolism Lecture 9 — CITRIC ACID CYCLE/FATTY ACID CATABOLISM — Restricted for students enrolled in MCB102, UC Berkeley, Spring 2008 ONLY ...
... Metabolism Lecture 9 — CITRIC ACID CYCLE/FATTY ACID CATABOLISM — Restricted for students enrolled in MCB102, UC Berkeley, Spring 2008 ONLY ...
Transacylation as a chain-termination mechanism in fatty acid
... ester-removing system such as bovine serum albumin, flactoglobulin and 2,6-di-O-methyl-a-cyclodextrin. The medium-chain fatty acids synthesized in the presence of 2,6-di-O-methyl-a-cyclodextrin were released as acyl-CoA esters, which shows that the termination mechanism involved is a transacylation. ...
... ester-removing system such as bovine serum albumin, flactoglobulin and 2,6-di-O-methyl-a-cyclodextrin. The medium-chain fatty acids synthesized in the presence of 2,6-di-O-methyl-a-cyclodextrin were released as acyl-CoA esters, which shows that the termination mechanism involved is a transacylation. ...
Chapter 16 The Citric Acid Cycle
... • A 2-carbon unit Acetyl-CoA is added to the cycle • And two CO2 molecules leave (but they are different carbons…) • During the course of changes in the carbon skeleton and its oxidation state • And the transfer of energy to form GTP (aka. the “Canadian $”) and reducing power, as NADH and FADH2 • It ...
... • A 2-carbon unit Acetyl-CoA is added to the cycle • And two CO2 molecules leave (but they are different carbons…) • During the course of changes in the carbon skeleton and its oxidation state • And the transfer of energy to form GTP (aka. the “Canadian $”) and reducing power, as NADH and FADH2 • It ...
2/12 Daily Catalyst Pg. 82 Fermentation
... There are three main processes in this metabolic enterprise Electron shuttles span membrane ...
... There are three main processes in this metabolic enterprise Electron shuttles span membrane ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - pyruvate needs specific transporter to cross inner mitochondrial membrane (passes easily across outer membrane) - Acetyl CoA generated in mitochondrial matrix from pyruvate, beta-oxidation of fatty acids (not in nervous tissue or erythrocytes) or oxidation of ketone bodies (not in liver or erythro ...
... - pyruvate needs specific transporter to cross inner mitochondrial membrane (passes easily across outer membrane) - Acetyl CoA generated in mitochondrial matrix from pyruvate, beta-oxidation of fatty acids (not in nervous tissue or erythrocytes) or oxidation of ketone bodies (not in liver or erythro ...
Isoforms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
... had a half-life in excess of 48 h in animals that were fed normally on a typical chow diet [1,25]. Strong ACC-1 repression occurs in adipose tissue and liver in starvation, during feeding high-fat diets (including suckling in mammals) and in diabetes. In these situations, ACC-1 repression is reverse ...
... had a half-life in excess of 48 h in animals that were fed normally on a typical chow diet [1,25]. Strong ACC-1 repression occurs in adipose tissue and liver in starvation, during feeding high-fat diets (including suckling in mammals) and in diabetes. In these situations, ACC-1 repression is reverse ...
Bioenergetics Objectives Objectives
... • ETC chain results in pumping of H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... • ETC chain results in pumping of H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Lactic Acid : Brief History
... dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine trip hosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it wa ...
... dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine trip hosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it wa ...
as a PDF
... with ethanol. Henceforth, this is considered the ethanolic extract (Pérez, Olı́as, Espada, Olı́as, & Sanz, 1997). 2.3. HPLC analyses for sugars and organic acids Sugars and organic acids were analyzed in a Hewlett– Packard 1090 liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector and a Wa ...
... with ethanol. Henceforth, this is considered the ethanolic extract (Pérez, Olı́as, Espada, Olı́as, & Sanz, 1997). 2.3. HPLC analyses for sugars and organic acids Sugars and organic acids were analyzed in a Hewlett– Packard 1090 liquid chromatograph equipped with a photodiode array detector and a Wa ...
CELLULAR ENERGY METABOLISM DURING FETAL
... homogenates has been shown to be much more active than in the adult heart (15) . This suggests that glucose may be preferentially oxidized by the ...
... homogenates has been shown to be much more active than in the adult heart (15) . This suggests that glucose may be preferentially oxidized by the ...
Ch.5-Cellular Respiration
... Stage 3: The Krebs Cycle Occurs 2 times for every glucose molecule. Cyclic because one of the products of step 8 becomes ...
... Stage 3: The Krebs Cycle Occurs 2 times for every glucose molecule. Cyclic because one of the products of step 8 becomes ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Ms. Tripp
... • The movement of electrons from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox). – the loss of electrons from one substance is oxidation – the addition of electrons to another substance is reduction • Cellular respiration uses redox reactions to harvest the chemical energy stored ...
... • The movement of electrons from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox). – the loss of electrons from one substance is oxidation – the addition of electrons to another substance is reduction • Cellular respiration uses redox reactions to harvest the chemical energy stored ...
Cellular Respiration
... • For each glucose molecule that enters cellular respiration, chemiosmosis produces up to 38 ATP molecules Cytoplasmic fluid ...
... • For each glucose molecule that enters cellular respiration, chemiosmosis produces up to 38 ATP molecules Cytoplasmic fluid ...
Chapter 3: Bioenergetics
... • Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions • In cells often involve the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons – Hydrogen atom contains one electron – A molecule that loses a hydrogen also loses an electron, and therefore is oxidized ...
... • Oxidation and reduction are always coupled reactions • In cells often involve the transfer of hydrogen atoms rather than free electrons – Hydrogen atom contains one electron – A molecule that loses a hydrogen also loses an electron, and therefore is oxidized ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.