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... iii. Enzymes that catalyse chemical reactions taking place in cells are proteins. Are the storehouses of energy. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) are responsible for genetic characteristics and synthesis of proteins. ...
... iii. Enzymes that catalyse chemical reactions taking place in cells are proteins. Are the storehouses of energy. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) are responsible for genetic characteristics and synthesis of proteins. ...
Oakland Schools Biology Resource Unit
... the process of dehydration synthesis. Examples include maltose and sucrose: a. glucose + glucose = maltose + water monomer + monomer = polymer + water b. glucose + fructose = sucrose + water monomer + monomer = polymer + water Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar monomers. Polysaccharides are po ...
... the process of dehydration synthesis. Examples include maltose and sucrose: a. glucose + glucose = maltose + water monomer + monomer = polymer + water b. glucose + fructose = sucrose + water monomer + monomer = polymer + water Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar monomers. Polysaccharides are po ...
The investigation of enzymes structure, physical
... the rates at which all physiologic processes take place, enzymes occupy central roles in health and disease. While in health all physiologic processes occur in an ordered, regulated manner and homeostasis is maintained, homeostasis can be profoundly disturbed in pathologic states. For example, the s ...
... the rates at which all physiologic processes take place, enzymes occupy central roles in health and disease. While in health all physiologic processes occur in an ordered, regulated manner and homeostasis is maintained, homeostasis can be profoundly disturbed in pathologic states. For example, the s ...
Endocrine Pancreas
... Neurotransmitters and hormones bind to specific cell surface receptors activating second messenger systems that regulate insulin secretion (Fig. 3.3). Cyclic AMP generated by binding of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptid ...
... Neurotransmitters and hormones bind to specific cell surface receptors activating second messenger systems that regulate insulin secretion (Fig. 3.3). Cyclic AMP generated by binding of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptid ...
Chlorophyll – Protein complex + H* _ OH – (Ground state)
... If microbes have an abundance of energy-rich carbon foods, and plenty oxygen, they will rapidly oxidize toxic ammonia to harmless nitrates. These nitrates become available for plant or microbe metabolism or if in excess, decomposition to molecular Nitrogen. On the other hand, if energy food to suppo ...
... If microbes have an abundance of energy-rich carbon foods, and plenty oxygen, they will rapidly oxidize toxic ammonia to harmless nitrates. These nitrates become available for plant or microbe metabolism or if in excess, decomposition to molecular Nitrogen. On the other hand, if energy food to suppo ...
Cellular Respiration
... Breakdown products enter into respiratory pathways as intermediates – Carbohydrates - converted into glucose Processed via glycolysis… ...
... Breakdown products enter into respiratory pathways as intermediates – Carbohydrates - converted into glucose Processed via glycolysis… ...
TCA Cycle - eCurriculum
... Catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase, enzyme directly linked to the electron transport chain. )G 0 ’= 0. Uses FAD because the free energy change is not enough to generate NADH. 7) fumarate + H2O ↔ malate Catalyzed by fumarase. )G 0 ’= 0. 8) malate + NAD + ↔ oxaloacetate + NADH Catalyzed ...
... Catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase, enzyme directly linked to the electron transport chain. )G 0 ’= 0. Uses FAD because the free energy change is not enough to generate NADH. 7) fumarate + H2O ↔ malate Catalyzed by fumarase. )G 0 ’= 0. 8) malate + NAD + ↔ oxaloacetate + NADH Catalyzed ...
Fat burners: nutrition supplements that increase fat metabolism
... (250 mg of a 10% forskolin extract twice a day) for 12 weeks. The authors concluded that forskolin ingestion resulted in favourable changes in body composition determined by dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry. Following forskolin supplementation body fat mass was significantly decreased by -11.23%, ...
... (250 mg of a 10% forskolin extract twice a day) for 12 weeks. The authors concluded that forskolin ingestion resulted in favourable changes in body composition determined by dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry. Following forskolin supplementation body fat mass was significantly decreased by -11.23%, ...
Chapter 1, The Blood
... j. Ferritin and hemosiderin are storage forms of iron found mostly in muscle fibers, liver cells, and macrophages of the spleen and liver. k. Upon release from a storage site or absorption from gastrointestinal tract, iron attaches to a plasma beta globulin called transferrin. l. Transferrin is used ...
... j. Ferritin and hemosiderin are storage forms of iron found mostly in muscle fibers, liver cells, and macrophages of the spleen and liver. k. Upon release from a storage site or absorption from gastrointestinal tract, iron attaches to a plasma beta globulin called transferrin. l. Transferrin is used ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy In eukaryotes, cellular respiration
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
Bio Exam 4 Study Guide- Question Format Fatty acid Synthesis
... a. Thioesterase cleaves palmitoyl ACP to release the fatty acid 25. Palmitate is rapidly converted to what by acyl CoA synthetase? a. Palmitoyl CoA 26. The elongation and desaturation enzymes are localized where for FA synthesis? a. Endoplasmic Reticulum cytoplasmic face 27. Once you get past 16 car ...
... a. Thioesterase cleaves palmitoyl ACP to release the fatty acid 25. Palmitate is rapidly converted to what by acyl CoA synthetase? a. Palmitoyl CoA 26. The elongation and desaturation enzymes are localized where for FA synthesis? a. Endoplasmic Reticulum cytoplasmic face 27. Once you get past 16 car ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
Quiz Ch 6
... Potential energy from electrons is used to synthesize ATP • Electrons in NADH and FADH contain potential energy. ▫ This energy is used to pump H+ ions across the membrane. • The H+ gradient contains potential energy. ▫ This energy is used to activate ATP synthase. • ATP synthase converts this energ ...
... Potential energy from electrons is used to synthesize ATP • Electrons in NADH and FADH contain potential energy. ▫ This energy is used to pump H+ ions across the membrane. • The H+ gradient contains potential energy. ▫ This energy is used to activate ATP synthase. • ATP synthase converts this energ ...
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
Liver - KSU Faculty Member websites
... the liver cells to take up free bilirubin from the blood. The bilirubin levels in serum slightly high. The patient is slightly jaundiced, but all other liver function tests are normal {enzyme, etc} ...
... the liver cells to take up free bilirubin from the blood. The bilirubin levels in serum slightly high. The patient is slightly jaundiced, but all other liver function tests are normal {enzyme, etc} ...
Control of Fatty-Acid Biosynthesis by Long
... sugar metabolism and one of them (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) is believed to be regulated by palmitoyl-CoA [20]. It was not checked, however, whether these two enzymes may also compete with lipid membranes for palmitoyl-CoA as is the case with acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Attachment of long-chain ...
... sugar metabolism and one of them (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) is believed to be regulated by palmitoyl-CoA [20]. It was not checked, however, whether these two enzymes may also compete with lipid membranes for palmitoyl-CoA as is the case with acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Attachment of long-chain ...
Full-Text PDF
... control energy homeostasis by a continuous communication between oxidative tissues and peripheral organs, in particular adipose tissue. The process of fatty acid esterification into TAG involves the activation of FFA into Acyl-CoA through the formation of monacylglycerol (MAG) and diacyglycerol (DAG ...
... control energy homeostasis by a continuous communication between oxidative tissues and peripheral organs, in particular adipose tissue. The process of fatty acid esterification into TAG involves the activation of FFA into Acyl-CoA through the formation of monacylglycerol (MAG) and diacyglycerol (DAG ...
Long-chain fatty acids increase basal metabolism
... LC fatty acids increase resting heat rate. The rate of heat production of small isolated cardiac muscle preparations, an indicator of basal metabolism, was measured at high resolution with a microcalorimetric technique. Figure 3 shows a representative example of the effect of oleate (C18:1) on resti ...
... LC fatty acids increase resting heat rate. The rate of heat production of small isolated cardiac muscle preparations, an indicator of basal metabolism, was measured at high resolution with a microcalorimetric technique. Figure 3 shows a representative example of the effect of oleate (C18:1) on resti ...
Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hepatic Glucose Metabolism
... gluconeogenic amino acids other than alanine, but the total of their net hepatic uptakes is no more than that of alanine (⬃1.5 mol 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1 glucose equivalents) under a variety of hyperglycemic conditions (9,29,30). Net (or “measured”) hepatic glycogen synthesis was the difference between hep ...
... gluconeogenic amino acids other than alanine, but the total of their net hepatic uptakes is no more than that of alanine (⬃1.5 mol 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1 glucose equivalents) under a variety of hyperglycemic conditions (9,29,30). Net (or “measured”) hepatic glycogen synthesis was the difference between hep ...
1. First , calculate the amount of pyruvic acid ( µg )
... normal level) are usually due to acute hepatitis, often due to a virus infection. In acute hepatitis, ALT levels usually stay high for about 1–2 months, but can take as long as 3–6 months to come back to normal. ALT levels are usually not as high in chronic hepatitis, often less than 4 times the hig ...
... normal level) are usually due to acute hepatitis, often due to a virus infection. In acute hepatitis, ALT levels usually stay high for about 1–2 months, but can take as long as 3–6 months to come back to normal. ALT levels are usually not as high in chronic hepatitis, often less than 4 times the hig ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.