Heriot-Watt University The effect of sodium acetate ingestion on the
... At rest, administration of the short-chain fatty acid acetate suppresses fat oxidation without affecting carbohydrate utilization. The combined effect of increased acetate availability and exercise on substrate utilization is, however, unclear. With local ethics approval, we studied the effect of in ...
... At rest, administration of the short-chain fatty acid acetate suppresses fat oxidation without affecting carbohydrate utilization. The combined effect of increased acetate availability and exercise on substrate utilization is, however, unclear. With local ethics approval, we studied the effect of in ...
Objectives 30 - u.arizona.edu
... • NADPH for lipogenesis is derived from malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway • acetyl CoA carboxylase converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in a biotinrequiring reaction • fatty acid synthase progressively adds two carbon units, from malonyl CoA, to a growing acyl chain to form the 16-carbon ...
... • NADPH for lipogenesis is derived from malic enzyme and the pentose phosphate pathway • acetyl CoA carboxylase converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA in a biotinrequiring reaction • fatty acid synthase progressively adds two carbon units, from malonyl CoA, to a growing acyl chain to form the 16-carbon ...
Control of Maximum Rates of Glycolysis in Rat Cardiac Muscle
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
... stimulation of glycolysis resulted in increased cytosolic NADH/NAD ratios and the rate of disposal of glycolytically produced NADH appeared to limit the maximum glycolytic rate. In aerobic hearts, oxidation of glucose and lactate increased linearly as developed ventricular pressure was raised from 6 ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
... via a two-step process called “alcoholic fermentation” to ethanol: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde using thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor with concomitant release of CO2—which serves as the leavening agent in bread (2) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) su ...
... via a two-step process called “alcoholic fermentation” to ethanol: (1) Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde using thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor with concomitant release of CO2—which serves as the leavening agent in bread (2) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) su ...
Citric acid cycle - Issaquah Connect
... Proteins must be digested to amino acids and amino groups must be removed before amino acids can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle Fats are digested to glycerol and fatty acids Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA ...
... Proteins must be digested to amino acids and amino groups must be removed before amino acids can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle Fats are digested to glycerol and fatty acids Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA ...
Cellular Respiration chapt06
... NAD+ is used to carry electrons from one part of the cell to another NAD+ keeps protons out of solution Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... NAD+ is used to carry electrons from one part of the cell to another NAD+ keeps protons out of solution Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Lecture 5 - Fermentation and CHO feeder
... lactate dehydrogenase (ie. muscle cells) -Pyruvate is converted to ethanol via ethanol dehydrogenase (ie. yeast) Anaerobic pyruvate utilization = Fermentation Both pathways use the NADH (produced in glycolysis): Overall: Glucose → 2 lactate + 2 ATP Biochemistry 3300 ...
... lactate dehydrogenase (ie. muscle cells) -Pyruvate is converted to ethanol via ethanol dehydrogenase (ie. yeast) Anaerobic pyruvate utilization = Fermentation Both pathways use the NADH (produced in glycolysis): Overall: Glucose → 2 lactate + 2 ATP Biochemistry 3300 ...
Supplementary File
... Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are two of the most important ketone bodies produced by liver cells. Therefore, ketone body release was measured as sum of acetoacetate and betahydroxybutyrate released into the medium. Acetoacetate release was measured fluorimetrically by an enzymatic assay bas ...
... Acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are two of the most important ketone bodies produced by liver cells. Therefore, ketone body release was measured as sum of acetoacetate and betahydroxybutyrate released into the medium. Acetoacetate release was measured fluorimetrically by an enzymatic assay bas ...
INSIDER`S GUIDE Interpretation and treatment: Organic acid
... The citric acid cycle is the all important metabolic pathway which uses a series of enzymecatalysed chemical reactions involved in the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. Other relevant reactions in the pathway include tho ...
... The citric acid cycle is the all important metabolic pathway which uses a series of enzymecatalysed chemical reactions involved in the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. Other relevant reactions in the pathway include tho ...
Chapter 25 Chapter Topics Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
... • Different “Families” according to distance of last double bond from methyl end: • ω-9 (oleic acid, 9-C18:1) • ω-7 (palmitic acid, 9-C16:1) • ω-6 (linoleic acid, 9,12-C18:2)—only from plants. • Arachidonic acid made from dietary linoleic acid ...
... • Different “Families” according to distance of last double bond from methyl end: • ω-9 (oleic acid, 9-C18:1) • ω-7 (palmitic acid, 9-C16:1) • ω-6 (linoleic acid, 9,12-C18:2)—only from plants. • Arachidonic acid made from dietary linoleic acid ...
Relation between Energy Production and Growth of
... glucose or other compounds as energy sources. These organisms ferment glucose by different pathways, yielding different amounts of ATP per mole glucose fermented. From experiments with various energy sources these authors concluded that the four organisms formed about the same dry weight of organism ...
... glucose or other compounds as energy sources. These organisms ferment glucose by different pathways, yielding different amounts of ATP per mole glucose fermented. From experiments with various energy sources these authors concluded that the four organisms formed about the same dry weight of organism ...
Załącznik nr 3 do Zarządzenia Rektora PUM…………………….. z
... Glucose metabolism Synthesis of glucose: gluconeogenesis. Substrates of gluconeogenesis. Lactic acid cycle. Alanine – glucose cycle. Metabolic and hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis. The role of gluconeogenesis in the control of blood glucose. The oxidation of glucose: glycolysis. Metabolic and ...
... Glucose metabolism Synthesis of glucose: gluconeogenesis. Substrates of gluconeogenesis. Lactic acid cycle. Alanine – glucose cycle. Metabolic and hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis. The role of gluconeogenesis in the control of blood glucose. The oxidation of glucose: glycolysis. Metabolic and ...
and paralogue-specific functions of acyl-CoA
... in the regulation of lipid homoeostasis, since fatty acid activation is obligatory for biosynthesis of glycerolipids, phospholipids, cholesterol esters and complex lipids, such as ceramides and sphingolipids, but also for degradation of fatty acids via β-oxidation. Acyl-CoA synthetases are known to ...
... in the regulation of lipid homoeostasis, since fatty acid activation is obligatory for biosynthesis of glycerolipids, phospholipids, cholesterol esters and complex lipids, such as ceramides and sphingolipids, but also for degradation of fatty acids via β-oxidation. Acyl-CoA synthetases are known to ...
LECTURE 18 - Budostuff
... 1. Identify the three end-product options for glycolysis, and under what conditions these end-products form 2. State in words (not chemical formulae) the overall reaction of the glycolytic pathway, understand parts that are common and different 3. Understand how the overall balance sheet for glycoly ...
... 1. Identify the three end-product options for glycolysis, and under what conditions these end-products form 2. State in words (not chemical formulae) the overall reaction of the glycolytic pathway, understand parts that are common and different 3. Understand how the overall balance sheet for glycoly ...
Science Course Outline Template
... functions of enzymes; the metabolic working of cells, tissues and organs; the interrelationships between pathways of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism; the vital roles of enzymes and hormones in catalysis and metabolic regulation; the energy-trapping mechanisms of animals and plants; and ...
... functions of enzymes; the metabolic working of cells, tissues and organs; the interrelationships between pathways of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism; the vital roles of enzymes and hormones in catalysis and metabolic regulation; the energy-trapping mechanisms of animals and plants; and ...
AdvLec10_WebCT
... • Jane has a problem eating fructose, but fructose clearance is normal !! • Why is glucose ( symptoms) ? • ……and why P and Mg? • and uric acid and bilirubin?? • don’t these mean liver damage? ...
... • Jane has a problem eating fructose, but fructose clearance is normal !! • Why is glucose ( symptoms) ? • ……and why P and Mg? • and uric acid and bilirubin?? • don’t these mean liver damage? ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.