medbiochem exam 1, 2000
... C. never occurs since the pyruvate kinase reaction is irreversible. D. consumes GTP. E. requires pyruvate kinase. 55. Which statement about non-competitive inhibitors is TRUE? A. Non-competitive inhibitors are not effective at high substrate concentrations B. Non-competitive inhibitors affect the Km ...
... C. never occurs since the pyruvate kinase reaction is irreversible. D. consumes GTP. E. requires pyruvate kinase. 55. Which statement about non-competitive inhibitors is TRUE? A. Non-competitive inhibitors are not effective at high substrate concentrations B. Non-competitive inhibitors affect the Km ...
nutritional ecology and general principles of artificial
... The principles of the major insect nutritional requirements for growth and reproduction have been established since 1940’s through the studies on representatives of the major insect groups (Dadd, 1973; Davis, 1968; House, 1965; House, 1974; Nation, 2001; Simpson and Raubenheimer, 1995; Slansky and S ...
... The principles of the major insect nutritional requirements for growth and reproduction have been established since 1940’s through the studies on representatives of the major insect groups (Dadd, 1973; Davis, 1968; House, 1965; House, 1974; Nation, 2001; Simpson and Raubenheimer, 1995; Slansky and S ...
Glycolysis
... Oxidative Fate of NADH Produced from Glycolysis The NADH produced from glycolysis must be continuously reoxidized back to NAD+ to provide an electron acceptor for the glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase reaction. If NADH is not reoxidized to NAD+ glycolysis will stop due to the shortage of NAD+ Withou ...
... Oxidative Fate of NADH Produced from Glycolysis The NADH produced from glycolysis must be continuously reoxidized back to NAD+ to provide an electron acceptor for the glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase reaction. If NADH is not reoxidized to NAD+ glycolysis will stop due to the shortage of NAD+ Withou ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
... Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
Natural Carbon Isotope Abundance of Plasma
... (mainly from ingestion of C3 and C4 metabolism plants) and to the discrimination between ‘light’ and ‘heavy’ isotopes during biochemical reactions (isotope effects and isotopic fractionation). Methodology/Principal Findings: Carbon isotopic abundance was measured in ZDF (fa/+) and ZDF (fa/fa), (lean ...
... (mainly from ingestion of C3 and C4 metabolism plants) and to the discrimination between ‘light’ and ‘heavy’ isotopes during biochemical reactions (isotope effects and isotopic fractionation). Methodology/Principal Findings: Carbon isotopic abundance was measured in ZDF (fa/+) and ZDF (fa/fa), (lean ...
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation
... markedly increased energy expenditure with reduced triglyceride storage in liver (6). SCD1 is therefore a component of the novel metabolic response to leptin signaling, and SCD1 repression accounts for a significant proportion of the effects of leptin on energy expenditure and body weight. The signa ...
... markedly increased energy expenditure with reduced triglyceride storage in liver (6). SCD1 is therefore a component of the novel metabolic response to leptin signaling, and SCD1 repression accounts for a significant proportion of the effects of leptin on energy expenditure and body weight. The signa ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... tissues through plasma as glutamine, and that the N of the glutamine, in liver, eventually becomes N of urea. Glutamine is also taken up by kidney, where, through glutaminase and glutamate ...
... tissues through plasma as glutamine, and that the N of the glutamine, in liver, eventually becomes N of urea. Glutamine is also taken up by kidney, where, through glutaminase and glutamate ...
15Nitrogen metabolism
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
... - Urea is the major disposal form of amino group derived from a.a - One nitrogen is supplied by free NH4+ and the other from Aspartate. - Glutamate is the immediate precursor of both ammonia through oxidative deamination and by aspartate aminotransferase - Carbon and Oxygen are derived from CO2 -Ure ...
Abnormal Renal and Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in Type 2
... However, increased renal glucose release has also been demonstrated in diabetic animals (6–9). Moreover, recent studies (10, 11) indicate that the human kidney may normally account for as much as 25% of postabsorptive glucose production. It is possible, therefore, that renal glucose release may cont ...
... However, increased renal glucose release has also been demonstrated in diabetic animals (6–9). Moreover, recent studies (10, 11) indicate that the human kidney may normally account for as much as 25% of postabsorptive glucose production. It is possible, therefore, that renal glucose release may cont ...
AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... with the exception of succinate dehydrogenase, which is membrane bound, remaining 7 enzymes are soluble proteins present in the matrix compartment of the mitos •it is an autocatalytic process in which 2 C's of acetate are put in and 2 C's are oxidized to 2 CO2's in one turn of the cycle •there are 4 ...
... with the exception of succinate dehydrogenase, which is membrane bound, remaining 7 enzymes are soluble proteins present in the matrix compartment of the mitos •it is an autocatalytic process in which 2 C's of acetate are put in and 2 C's are oxidized to 2 CO2's in one turn of the cycle •there are 4 ...
![[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d1011-1027, September 15, 1998] 1011](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003528510_1-eb3925336d280ea79dc79833bf1c335c-300x300.png)
[Frontiers in Bioscience 3, d1011-1027, September 15, 1998] 1011
... concentration, far above the level found in the well-fed sedentary state, occurs in response to carbohydrate feeding following glycogen depleting exercise. It was recently found that this muscle “glycogen supercompensation” is markedly enhanced by endurance exercise training that induces an increase ...
... concentration, far above the level found in the well-fed sedentary state, occurs in response to carbohydrate feeding following glycogen depleting exercise. It was recently found that this muscle “glycogen supercompensation” is markedly enhanced by endurance exercise training that induces an increase ...
Chapter 18 Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Digestion of Proteins In stage 1, the digestion of proteins • begins in the stomach, where HCl in stomach acid denatures proteins and activates enzymes to hydrolyze peptide bonds • continues in the small intestine, where smaller proteins are completely hydrolyzed to amino acids • ends as amino acid ...
... Digestion of Proteins In stage 1, the digestion of proteins • begins in the stomach, where HCl in stomach acid denatures proteins and activates enzymes to hydrolyze peptide bonds • continues in the small intestine, where smaller proteins are completely hydrolyzed to amino acids • ends as amino acid ...
Determination of amino acid enantiomers in human urine and blood
... In four out of six urine samples of 24 h urines, highest absolute amounts among D-AAs were determined for D-Ser, in one sample D-Ser and D-Ala were about equal, and in one sample D-Ala was about twice the amount of D-Ser. Quantities of D-Ser ranged from 64 to 199 mmol/ day, of D-Ala from 24 to 138 m ...
... In four out of six urine samples of 24 h urines, highest absolute amounts among D-AAs were determined for D-Ser, in one sample D-Ser and D-Ala were about equal, and in one sample D-Ala was about twice the amount of D-Ser. Quantities of D-Ser ranged from 64 to 199 mmol/ day, of D-Ala from 24 to 138 m ...
CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2
... After the 7th round you are left with an 8th acetyl CoA (CH2-CO-CoA). ...
... After the 7th round you are left with an 8th acetyl CoA (CH2-CO-CoA). ...
Reduced lipid intake leads to changes in - Archimer
... growth but liver fatty acid metabolism as well as muscle n-3 PUFA contents are affected in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Torstensen et al., 2000; Bell et al., 2001 and 2002; Stubhaug et al., 2005). However, using a fish oil ‘finishing diet’ at the end of the experiment can partially restore the EPA ...
... growth but liver fatty acid metabolism as well as muscle n-3 PUFA contents are affected in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Torstensen et al., 2000; Bell et al., 2001 and 2002; Stubhaug et al., 2005). However, using a fish oil ‘finishing diet’ at the end of the experiment can partially restore the EPA ...
metabolic factors in fatigue
... performance during high-intensity exercise that is sometimes observed following dietary creatine supplementation (Casey & Greenhaff, 2000). PCr levels may also be reduced in a large number of muscle fi bers at the point of fatigue during prolonged, submaximal exercise, coinciding with muscle glycoge ...
... performance during high-intensity exercise that is sometimes observed following dietary creatine supplementation (Casey & Greenhaff, 2000). PCr levels may also be reduced in a large number of muscle fi bers at the point of fatigue during prolonged, submaximal exercise, coinciding with muscle glycoge ...
Addition of protein and amino acids to carbohydrates
... insulin, and glycogen synthesis occurs at a rate that is 10–30% lower than in the first rapid phase (31). When a CHO supplement is consumed after exercise, blood glucose and insulin concentrations will rise, and it has been suggested that this is the mechanism by which the combined ingestion of CHO ...
... insulin, and glycogen synthesis occurs at a rate that is 10–30% lower than in the first rapid phase (31). When a CHO supplement is consumed after exercise, blood glucose and insulin concentrations will rise, and it has been suggested that this is the mechanism by which the combined ingestion of CHO ...
An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl
... These results are entirely consistent with the conjecture of Lee et al. (1990) that acetyl-CoA hydrolase performs the function of preventing a toxic build-up of acetyl-CoA under conditions of carbon catabolite derepression. It seems unlikely that it is involved in export of acetyl groups across the ...
... These results are entirely consistent with the conjecture of Lee et al. (1990) that acetyl-CoA hydrolase performs the function of preventing a toxic build-up of acetyl-CoA under conditions of carbon catabolite derepression. It seems unlikely that it is involved in export of acetyl groups across the ...
Diabetes (type II) treatment, Dec. 7
... What is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its main role in the body? • Balances catabolism (processes that produce ATP) with ATP consumption to maintain high levels of ATP • Expressed primarily in liver, skeletal muscle, and the brain, which are all involved in energy intake, consumption, and ...
... What is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its main role in the body? • Balances catabolism (processes that produce ATP) with ATP consumption to maintain high levels of ATP • Expressed primarily in liver, skeletal muscle, and the brain, which are all involved in energy intake, consumption, and ...
Fatty acid oxidation and the P-oxidation complex in
... aseptically : octanoate, myristate, palmitate (all 2 TBq mol-I), 10000 Bq; decanoate (1.92 Bq) 9620 Bq; laurate (2.15 TBq mol-I), 10730 Bq; stearate, oleate (both at 2-07 TBq mol-I), 10360 Bq; lignocerate (1.0 TBq mol-l), 8510 TBq mol-I; arachidonate (2.15 TBq mol-I), 5500 Bq plus 2.4 nmol unlabelle ...
... aseptically : octanoate, myristate, palmitate (all 2 TBq mol-I), 10000 Bq; decanoate (1.92 Bq) 9620 Bq; laurate (2.15 TBq mol-I), 10730 Bq; stearate, oleate (both at 2-07 TBq mol-I), 10360 Bq; lignocerate (1.0 TBq mol-l), 8510 TBq mol-I; arachidonate (2.15 TBq mol-I), 5500 Bq plus 2.4 nmol unlabelle ...
Document
... pancreas increases insulin secretion • Cells take up glucose faster, more ATP is formed, glycogen and fatty-acid production increases ...
... pancreas increases insulin secretion • Cells take up glucose faster, more ATP is formed, glycogen and fatty-acid production increases ...
75. In yeast, if the electron transport system is shut down because of
... __ 87. Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which should a facultative anaerobe perform? ...
... __ 87. Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which should a facultative anaerobe perform? ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.