Cellular Respiration
... The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mole. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? A) Most of the free energy ava ...
... The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for the reduction of NAD+ to NADH is +53 kcal/mole. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? A) Most of the free energy ava ...
Obesity and the regulation of fat metabolism
... of stored triacylglycerides is initiated by lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase. Liberated fatty acids are then activated to their respective acyl-CoA derivates by acyl-CoA synthases/ligases. Breakdown of fatty acyl-CoAs to acetyl-CoA occurs in peroxisomes or mitochondria via β-oxidat ...
... of stored triacylglycerides is initiated by lipolytic enzymes such as hormone-sensitive lipase. Liberated fatty acids are then activated to their respective acyl-CoA derivates by acyl-CoA synthases/ligases. Breakdown of fatty acyl-CoAs to acetyl-CoA occurs in peroxisomes or mitochondria via β-oxidat ...
nutrient content claims - Food Consulting Company
... to use the words free or low (or their synonyms) to describe carbohydrate levels (e.g., no carbs, carb free and low carb are unauthorized nutrient content claims). However Xg carb per serving is allowed as a statement of fact as long as it is simply a repeat of information from the Nutrition Facts a ...
... to use the words free or low (or their synonyms) to describe carbohydrate levels (e.g., no carbs, carb free and low carb are unauthorized nutrient content claims). However Xg carb per serving is allowed as a statement of fact as long as it is simply a repeat of information from the Nutrition Facts a ...
Development, validation and biological application of
... This data raises the question: if PEPCK-C is not important for gluconeogenesis, what is its metabolic role? Previous reports have shown that PEPCK-C is associated with proper maintenance of lipid homeostasis, as animals that are whole body knockouts for this enzyme die within two days of birth, sho ...
... This data raises the question: if PEPCK-C is not important for gluconeogenesis, what is its metabolic role? Previous reports have shown that PEPCK-C is associated with proper maintenance of lipid homeostasis, as animals that are whole body knockouts for this enzyme die within two days of birth, sho ...
KIEBER, ROBERT J., LINDA H. HYDRO, AND PAMELA J. SEATON
... from degradation products of marine plankton, rather than being transported from continents (Nissenbaum and Kaplan 1972). There are two prevailing views concerning the formation of marine humic substances. The polymerization view considers that humic substances are macromolecules formed through abio ...
... from degradation products of marine plankton, rather than being transported from continents (Nissenbaum and Kaplan 1972). There are two prevailing views concerning the formation of marine humic substances. The polymerization view considers that humic substances are macromolecules formed through abio ...
File
... 52) Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin? A) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both dec ...
... 52) Brown fat cells produce a protein called thermogenin in their mitochondrial inner membrane. Thermogenin is a channel for facilitated transport of protons across the membrane. What will occur in the brown fat cells when they produce thermogenin? A) ATP synthesis and heat generation will both dec ...
How Cells Harvest Energy from Food
... plant breaks down “storage molecules” during cellular respiration. Nonphotosynthetic organisms eat plants, extracting energy from plant tissue and plant storage molecules in cellular respiration. Other animals, like the lion gnawing with such relish on a giraffe leg in figure 8.1, eat these animals. ...
... plant breaks down “storage molecules” during cellular respiration. Nonphotosynthetic organisms eat plants, extracting energy from plant tissue and plant storage molecules in cellular respiration. Other animals, like the lion gnawing with such relish on a giraffe leg in figure 8.1, eat these animals. ...
Ammonia (plasma, blood) - Association for Clinical Biochemistry
... stressed, as difficult venepuncture can cause a spurious increase in [ammonia]. The sample should be transported on ice to the laboratory, separated within 15 minutes of collection and analysed immediately. These precautions are necessary as the [ammonia] of standing blood increases spontane ...
... stressed, as difficult venepuncture can cause a spurious increase in [ammonia]. The sample should be transported on ice to the laboratory, separated within 15 minutes of collection and analysed immediately. These precautions are necessary as the [ammonia] of standing blood increases spontane ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... sum of the amino acids analysed (glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, alanine and GABA) decreased at extreme hypercapnia. The results suggest that Krebs cycle intermediates and amino acids are partly used as substrates for energy production when there is reduced pyruvate availability due to ...
... sum of the amino acids analysed (glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, alanine and GABA) decreased at extreme hypercapnia. The results suggest that Krebs cycle intermediates and amino acids are partly used as substrates for energy production when there is reduced pyruvate availability due to ...
Cellular Respiration
... - Oxaloacetate (4C) combines with Acetyl CoA (2C) to form Citric Acid (6C) - NAD+ and FAD molecules are reduced as they pick up electrons and hydrogens - An enzyme combines a phosphate group with ADP to form ATP - After CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP is released, Oxaloacetate is recycled back into the cy ...
... - Oxaloacetate (4C) combines with Acetyl CoA (2C) to form Citric Acid (6C) - NAD+ and FAD molecules are reduced as they pick up electrons and hydrogens - An enzyme combines a phosphate group with ADP to form ATP - After CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP is released, Oxaloacetate is recycled back into the cy ...
Chapter 25
... fatty acid synthase. Malonyl has another regulatory role in fatty acid metabolism: it inhibits carnitine acyltransferase the enzyme responsible for fatty acid uptake by the mitochondria. As malonyl-CoA levels fall, carnitine acyltransferase will cause an increased uptake of fatty acids into the mito ...
... fatty acid synthase. Malonyl has another regulatory role in fatty acid metabolism: it inhibits carnitine acyltransferase the enzyme responsible for fatty acid uptake by the mitochondria. As malonyl-CoA levels fall, carnitine acyltransferase will cause an increased uptake of fatty acids into the mito ...
Concordance of Changes in Metabolic Pathways Based
... resonance–based nontargeted metabolomic profiling of human serum failed to distinguish between prediabetic individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and those with normal glucose tolerance (12,13). In contrast, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple timeof-flight mass spectrometry (UPL ...
... resonance–based nontargeted metabolomic profiling of human serum failed to distinguish between prediabetic individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and those with normal glucose tolerance (12,13). In contrast, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple timeof-flight mass spectrometry (UPL ...
Chapter 6 Slides
... – a special type of tissue associated with the generation of heat and – more abundant in hibernating mammals and newborn infants. ...
... – a special type of tissue associated with the generation of heat and – more abundant in hibernating mammals and newborn infants. ...
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Safety and efficacy of high
... groups and LP-low-GI groups, respectively). HP diets have beneficial effects on body fat regulation, but the difference in effect of various types of protein is not known(29). Animal proteins, especially those from dairy, seem to support better muscle protein synthesis during weight reduction regime ...
... groups and LP-low-GI groups, respectively). HP diets have beneficial effects on body fat regulation, but the difference in effect of various types of protein is not known(29). Animal proteins, especially those from dairy, seem to support better muscle protein synthesis during weight reduction regime ...
Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration
... energy to split glucose is provided by two molecules of ATP. As glycolysis proceeds, energy is released, and the energy is used to make four molecules of ATP. As a result, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules during glycolysis. During this stage, highenergy electrons are also transferred to mol ...
... energy to split glucose is provided by two molecules of ATP. As glycolysis proceeds, energy is released, and the energy is used to make four molecules of ATP. As a result, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules during glycolysis. During this stage, highenergy electrons are also transferred to mol ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.