A minimal growth medium for the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus
... cultures. As P. sapidus grew extremely slow in salt medium, the co-utilization of amino acids using 13C-labelled glucose was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. While some amino acids were synthesized up to 90% in vivo from glucose (e.g., alanine), asparagine and/o ...
... cultures. As P. sapidus grew extremely slow in salt medium, the co-utilization of amino acids using 13C-labelled glucose was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. While some amino acids were synthesized up to 90% in vivo from glucose (e.g., alanine), asparagine and/o ...
Production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative
... .icispricing.com), lactic acid has the potential to become a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate (Bozell and Petersen, 2010). Lactic acid can be produced chemically using petrochemical feedstocks such as lactonitrile (Narayanan et al., 2004). However, the chemical synthesis produces a ...
... .icispricing.com), lactic acid has the potential to become a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate (Bozell and Petersen, 2010). Lactic acid can be produced chemically using petrochemical feedstocks such as lactonitrile (Narayanan et al., 2004). However, the chemical synthesis produces a ...
The Citric acid cycle
... It is called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic and is the “hub” of the metabolic system. It accounts for the majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. It also accounts for a majority of the generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically ...
... It is called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic and is the “hub” of the metabolic system. It accounts for the majority of carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. It also accounts for a majority of the generation of these compounds and others as well. Amphibolic - acts both catabolically ...
Relationships between Methionine Supply, Nitrogen Retention and
... protected Met combined with animal fat, in diets of high producing ewes, significantly increased milk yield at the first stage of lactation. Misciattelli et al. (2003) and Cho et al. (2007) also found that supplementing ruminallyprotected Met increased milk fat and milk protein of dairy cows. Some h ...
... protected Met combined with animal fat, in diets of high producing ewes, significantly increased milk yield at the first stage of lactation. Misciattelli et al. (2003) and Cho et al. (2007) also found that supplementing ruminallyprotected Met increased milk fat and milk protein of dairy cows. Some h ...
Chapter 9 outline
... – Electrons from NADH and FADH2 lose energy in several steps ATP synthase – Is the enzyme that actually makes ATP At certain steps along the electron transport chain – Electron transfer causes protein complexes to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space ...
... – Electrons from NADH and FADH2 lose energy in several steps ATP synthase – Is the enzyme that actually makes ATP At certain steps along the electron transport chain – Electron transfer causes protein complexes to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space ...
Print - Circulation Research
... Perfusion Experiments.—-The rabbit heart perfusion technique was previously described (26). In this experiment, 20 ml of blood was taken from a rabbit just before perfusion and mixed with the same volume of Krebs' bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) to which albumin-bound palmitate-14C (2 fic:S.A. — 28 ^ic/ ...
... Perfusion Experiments.—-The rabbit heart perfusion technique was previously described (26). In this experiment, 20 ml of blood was taken from a rabbit just before perfusion and mixed with the same volume of Krebs' bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) to which albumin-bound palmitate-14C (2 fic:S.A. — 28 ^ic/ ...
Chapt 6
... The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • During the citric acid cycle • the two-carbon group of acetyl CoA is joined to a four-carbon compound, forming citrate, • citrate is degraded back to the four-carbon compound, • two CO2 ar ...
... The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • During the citric acid cycle • the two-carbon group of acetyl CoA is joined to a four-carbon compound, forming citrate, • citrate is degraded back to the four-carbon compound, • two CO2 ar ...
Regulation of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase and
... requirement for MgATP and free Mg and are com petitively inhibited by free ATP and A D P with respect to MgATP. But on account o f the fact, that the extractable acetyl-CoA synthetase as opposed to the carboxylase activities exceed by far the lipid incorporation rates o f acetate by illuminated chlo ...
... requirement for MgATP and free Mg and are com petitively inhibited by free ATP and A D P with respect to MgATP. But on account o f the fact, that the extractable acetyl-CoA synthetase as opposed to the carboxylase activities exceed by far the lipid incorporation rates o f acetate by illuminated chlo ...
Chemical Composition and antibacterial activity of
... (chlorhexidine) was compared with the fractions of a natural product that presents its biological compound diluted in the samples (EEP, H-Fr, or P-Fr). HPLC analyses of EEP and H-Fr demonstrated identical chemical profiles for both, since they presented three chemical peaks in common and in similar ...
... (chlorhexidine) was compared with the fractions of a natural product that presents its biological compound diluted in the samples (EEP, H-Fr, or P-Fr). HPLC analyses of EEP and H-Fr demonstrated identical chemical profiles for both, since they presented three chemical peaks in common and in similar ...
Microdiesel: Escherichia coli engineered for fuel
... from plant oils (Ma & Hanna, 1999). It consists of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids with shortchain alcohols, primarily methanol and ethanol, resulting in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs). Biodiesel offers a number of interesting and attractive beneficia ...
... from plant oils (Ma & Hanna, 1999). It consists of monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids with shortchain alcohols, primarily methanol and ethanol, resulting in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs). Biodiesel offers a number of interesting and attractive beneficia ...
09_Lecture_Presentation
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
... • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rhizobium trifolii
... Uptake of radioactive sugars. Bacteria grown in RDM with the appropriate carbon source were harvested during the exponential growth phase (lo8 to 5 x lo8 bacteria ml-I), washed once at room temperature with RDM nitrogen-free salts medium, resuspended in the same medium to an ABdOof 1-00 (lo9 bacteri ...
... Uptake of radioactive sugars. Bacteria grown in RDM with the appropriate carbon source were harvested during the exponential growth phase (lo8 to 5 x lo8 bacteria ml-I), washed once at room temperature with RDM nitrogen-free salts medium, resuspended in the same medium to an ABdOof 1-00 (lo9 bacteri ...
Maintaining proton homeostasis is an essential role of
... generate ATP, proliferating cells, in particular cancer cells, are apt to rely on aerobic glycolysis, an inefficient way to generate energy (Vander Heiden et al., 2009). Since 1920s when this phenomenon, termed “the Warburg Effect”, was observed (Warburg, 1956), its growth advantage provided for pro ...
... generate ATP, proliferating cells, in particular cancer cells, are apt to rely on aerobic glycolysis, an inefficient way to generate energy (Vander Heiden et al., 2009). Since 1920s when this phenomenon, termed “the Warburg Effect”, was observed (Warburg, 1956), its growth advantage provided for pro ...
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‘APPENDIX 1. United States Patent p] Publication Images
... and subsequentformation of creatinineprovide potentia1 DRINK dbclnscs and claims a rehydration drink for the treatment$nd preventionof the lossof essentialelectrolytes IWEOIlS. Muscle contractionand relaxationare fueled by the free 60 becauseof Buid loss. This patent teachesthat creatine,B energy li ...
... and subsequentformation of creatinineprovide potentia1 DRINK dbclnscs and claims a rehydration drink for the treatment$nd preventionof the lossof essentialelectrolytes IWEOIlS. Muscle contractionand relaxationare fueled by the free 60 becauseof Buid loss. This patent teachesthat creatine,B energy li ...
Cells, Mitosis-Meiosis, Photosynthesis
... Aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to Earth’s atmosphere. This type of respiration is useful today because the atmosphere is now 21% oxygen. However, some anaerobic organisms that evolved before the atmosphere contained oxygen have survived to the present. Therefore, anaerobic respir ...
... Aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to Earth’s atmosphere. This type of respiration is useful today because the atmosphere is now 21% oxygen. However, some anaerobic organisms that evolved before the atmosphere contained oxygen have survived to the present. Therefore, anaerobic respir ...
Chapter 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... 6.13 Fermentation enables cells to produce ATP without oxygen Your muscle cells and certain bacteria can oxidize NADH through lactic acid fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the ...
... 6.13 Fermentation enables cells to produce ATP without oxygen Your muscle cells and certain bacteria can oxidize NADH through lactic acid fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the ...
BH4 deficiency
... tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) allows the simultaneous measurement of a number of disorders of amino acid, organic acid and fatty acid metabolism, including PKU deuterated internal standards are used derivatization with butanol-acetyl chloride is employed selected ratios of the amino acids ( ...
... tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) allows the simultaneous measurement of a number of disorders of amino acid, organic acid and fatty acid metabolism, including PKU deuterated internal standards are used derivatization with butanol-acetyl chloride is employed selected ratios of the amino acids ( ...
Reduces cholesterol induced atherosclerotic lesions in aorta artery
... cholesterol with 5 ml vinegar, 1% cholesterol with 10 ml vinegar every day. Cholesterol-rich diet was prepared by adding 1 g /L (Merck,Germany) in 4 ml olive oil to 0.1 kg of commercial rabbit chow (Boger, 1997; Singer et al., 1997). Vinegar (5 or 10 ml) was given orally to animals by oral gavage on ...
... cholesterol with 5 ml vinegar, 1% cholesterol with 10 ml vinegar every day. Cholesterol-rich diet was prepared by adding 1 g /L (Merck,Germany) in 4 ml olive oil to 0.1 kg of commercial rabbit chow (Boger, 1997; Singer et al., 1997). Vinegar (5 or 10 ml) was given orally to animals by oral gavage on ...
PP Chapter 9 - Trimble County Schools
... • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA • An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
... • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA • An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
PP Chapter 9 - WordPress.com
... • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA • An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
... • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) • Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA • An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
Study on plasmatic metabolomics of Uygur
... quantities of principal components were mainly distributed within four areas of the ellipse scatter diagram (95% confidence interval). From the score plot and 3D distribution diagram, it can be observed that the distribution areas for the two groups are completely separate, thereby indicating that t ...
... quantities of principal components were mainly distributed within four areas of the ellipse scatter diagram (95% confidence interval). From the score plot and 3D distribution diagram, it can be observed that the distribution areas for the two groups are completely separate, thereby indicating that t ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.