Short- and long-term effects of fatty acids on pancreatic alpha cell
... were more potent than their cis isomers. High glucose more markedly inhibited the glucagon release from islets in the presence rather than in the absence of palmitate in 48h. Palmitate induced a relative enhancement in glucagon secretion, an accumulation of triglyceride and a decline in glucose oxid ...
... were more potent than their cis isomers. High glucose more markedly inhibited the glucagon release from islets in the presence rather than in the absence of palmitate in 48h. Palmitate induced a relative enhancement in glucagon secretion, an accumulation of triglyceride and a decline in glucose oxid ...
7. Metabolism
... energy, amino acids to a lesser extent. • Glucose is made from all carbohydrates, most amino acids and the glycerol portion of fat. • Protein is made from amino acids. • Glucose can be made into nonessential amino acids if nitrogen is present ...
... energy, amino acids to a lesser extent. • Glucose is made from all carbohydrates, most amino acids and the glycerol portion of fat. • Protein is made from amino acids. • Glucose can be made into nonessential amino acids if nitrogen is present ...
Chapter 5 - SchoolRack
... Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids Fatty acid has a long carbon skeleton and a carboxyl group C-H bonds responsible for hydrophobia of fats ...
... Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids Fatty acid has a long carbon skeleton and a carboxyl group C-H bonds responsible for hydrophobia of fats ...
SBI3U
... composed of many simple sugar molecules linked together e.g. Starch – energy storage in plants Glycogen – energy storage in animals (liver and muscle) Cellulose – structural molecule in cell walls ...
... composed of many simple sugar molecules linked together e.g. Starch – energy storage in plants Glycogen – energy storage in animals (liver and muscle) Cellulose – structural molecule in cell walls ...
Carbon Compounds in Cells
... – Glycogen: High branched used by animals to store energy in muscles and liver. • Is also converted to blood sugar when blood sugar drops ...
... – Glycogen: High branched used by animals to store energy in muscles and liver. • Is also converted to blood sugar when blood sugar drops ...
Macromolecules
... glucose. It is a simple sugar. This is the form the cells in our body can break down. Other common monomers are fructose and galactose. ...
... glucose. It is a simple sugar. This is the form the cells in our body can break down. Other common monomers are fructose and galactose. ...
Lecture Notes BS1090
... The degradation of a C16 fatty acid such as palmitoyl CoA requires 7 reaction cycles and generates 8 Acetyl CoA, and 7 molecules of both FADH2 and NADH. All of these are energyrich and can be used to generate ATP in the mitochondria (BS1090 notes, Chapt 18). The complete -oxidation of Palmitic acid ...
... The degradation of a C16 fatty acid such as palmitoyl CoA requires 7 reaction cycles and generates 8 Acetyl CoA, and 7 molecules of both FADH2 and NADH. All of these are energyrich and can be used to generate ATP in the mitochondria (BS1090 notes, Chapt 18). The complete -oxidation of Palmitic acid ...
Document
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
Document
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
Nutrients
... smaller proportion of O than in carbohydrates. • The building blocks are fatty acids & glycerol. • Some fatty acids (e.g. omega-3 & omega6) are essential fatty acids. ...
... smaller proportion of O than in carbohydrates. • The building blocks are fatty acids & glycerol. • Some fatty acids (e.g. omega-3 & omega6) are essential fatty acids. ...
Review Sheet for Exam Two
... should know the names and structures of the intermediates in pathways and the roles of the specific proteins and cofactors associated with those pathways. You should also know the roles of regulatory molecules associated with pathways and the logic behind the regulation (i.e. why is citrate an activ ...
... should know the names and structures of the intermediates in pathways and the roles of the specific proteins and cofactors associated with those pathways. You should also know the roles of regulatory molecules associated with pathways and the logic behind the regulation (i.e. why is citrate an activ ...
Exam Name___________________________________
... 1) Why are triacylglycerols able to provide more energy than carbohydrates (gram for gram)? A) The triacylglycerols are less soluble in water than the carbohydrates. B) The carbohydrates contain fewer carbon-carbon bonds. C) The carbohydrates are already in a more oxidized state than the triacylglyc ...
... 1) Why are triacylglycerols able to provide more energy than carbohydrates (gram for gram)? A) The triacylglycerols are less soluble in water than the carbohydrates. B) The carbohydrates contain fewer carbon-carbon bonds. C) The carbohydrates are already in a more oxidized state than the triacylglyc ...
metabolism - anatomymodelimages
... 1. Postabsorptive state – empty small intestine; energy from breakdown of reserves 2. Catabolism – breakdown of reserves *Of the following which is less likely to occur during the postabsorptive state? a. lipid synthesis b. glycogenolysis c. gluconeogenesis d. glucose sparing 3. Glucose – homeostati ...
... 1. Postabsorptive state – empty small intestine; energy from breakdown of reserves 2. Catabolism – breakdown of reserves *Of the following which is less likely to occur during the postabsorptive state? a. lipid synthesis b. glycogenolysis c. gluconeogenesis d. glucose sparing 3. Glucose – homeostati ...
Protein synthesis and metabolism
... 6. Another coenzyme A attaches to fatty acid and the cycle is repeated 7. Coenzyme – 2H molecules lead to the production of CO2 and ATP via the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation ...
... 6. Another coenzyme A attaches to fatty acid and the cycle is repeated 7. Coenzyme – 2H molecules lead to the production of CO2 and ATP via the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation ...
Organic Molecules
... • Temperature: an increase will cause proteins to break down • pH • Enzyme-Substrate Concentration: equal amount of enzyme and substrate particles ...
... • Temperature: an increase will cause proteins to break down • pH • Enzyme-Substrate Concentration: equal amount of enzyme and substrate particles ...
organic molecules
... A. Enzymes: proteins that act as biological catalysts 1. Catalyst: substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction a. lowers the activation energy (energy needed to start the reaction) B. Enzymes work on specific substances called substrates C. Enzymes are very specific, name is usually derived from ...
... A. Enzymes: proteins that act as biological catalysts 1. Catalyst: substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction a. lowers the activation energy (energy needed to start the reaction) B. Enzymes work on specific substances called substrates C. Enzymes are very specific, name is usually derived from ...
Full size lecture slides (PDF file, 660 kB)
... • They are all homopolymers meaning they are all made of only one sugar repeated over and over. • Glycogen, plant starch and cellulose are made of glucose only; chitin uses modified glucose (with nitrogen atoms added). ...
... • They are all homopolymers meaning they are all made of only one sugar repeated over and over. • Glycogen, plant starch and cellulose are made of glucose only; chitin uses modified glucose (with nitrogen atoms added). ...
The Cell, 5e
... Regulation of glycogen metabolism is critical Regulation of glycogen in liver: • responds to hormones glucagon, epinephrine via cAMP, PKA ...
... Regulation of glycogen metabolism is critical Regulation of glycogen in liver: • responds to hormones glucagon, epinephrine via cAMP, PKA ...
U4L24 Carbo Disposal
... – Transfers a segment from one chain to another – Limit to the size of glycogen molecule • Branches become too crowded, even if they become progressively shorter • Glycogen synthase may need to interact with glycogenin to be fully active ...
... – Transfers a segment from one chain to another – Limit to the size of glycogen molecule • Branches become too crowded, even if they become progressively shorter • Glycogen synthase may need to interact with glycogenin to be fully active ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.