7. Metabolism
... a) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. b) oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases. c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle. d) All of the above can prompt the production of ketones. ...
... a) people follow a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. b) oxaloacetate builds up and TCA cycle activity increases. c) acetyl CoA is blocked from entering the TCA cycle. d) All of the above can prompt the production of ketones. ...
Fermentation (Anaerobic Respiration)
... Alcohol Fermentation Performed by yeast, some kinds of bacteria, & a few other microorganisms use for energy ...
... Alcohol Fermentation Performed by yeast, some kinds of bacteria, & a few other microorganisms use for energy ...
A. biotin
... Decreases the activation energy for the forward reaction but not the back reaction. Decreases the activation energy for both the forward and back reactions. Decreases the free energy of the reaction Increases the activation energy for both the forward and back reactions. ...
... Decreases the activation energy for the forward reaction but not the back reaction. Decreases the activation energy for both the forward and back reactions. Decreases the free energy of the reaction Increases the activation energy for both the forward and back reactions. ...
Document
... Blood Glucose Availability • Glucose uptake is elevated during exercise when blood glucose levels are high ...
... Blood Glucose Availability • Glucose uptake is elevated during exercise when blood glucose levels are high ...
2. Organic Compounds and the Four Biomolec
... sweeten soda pop and other food products. Ribose and deoxyribose are part of RNA and DNA: they are 5 carbon sugars. Vitamin C is derived from a simple sugar. Disaccharides are two simple sugars joined together. Most of the sweet things we eat are disaccharides: table sugar is sucrose, glucose joined ...
... sweeten soda pop and other food products. Ribose and deoxyribose are part of RNA and DNA: they are 5 carbon sugars. Vitamin C is derived from a simple sugar. Disaccharides are two simple sugars joined together. Most of the sweet things we eat are disaccharides: table sugar is sucrose, glucose joined ...
Physiology for Coaches
... Krebs’ Cycle and electron transport chain • Increase in muscular glycogen stores • Increased ability to oxidise fat ...
... Krebs’ Cycle and electron transport chain • Increase in muscular glycogen stores • Increased ability to oxidise fat ...
Endocrinology – growth hormone (GH)
... • Somatomedins stimulate the growth of cartilage and the incorporation of sulphate into cartilage (accounting for yet another term for them, “sulphation factor”). • GH stimulates somatomedin synthesis by the liver. Other growth factors There are many agents that promote growth – some hormonal, some ...
... • Somatomedins stimulate the growth of cartilage and the incorporation of sulphate into cartilage (accounting for yet another term for them, “sulphation factor”). • GH stimulates somatomedin synthesis by the liver. Other growth factors There are many agents that promote growth – some hormonal, some ...
Word
... minute before running in, say, a 100-meter dash. The purpose of this hyperventilation is to achieve: 38) An untreated type 1 diabetic will be mobilizing and metabolizing fat, as well as carrying out high rates of gluconeogenesis in the liver. The resultant excess production of ketone bodies will pro ...
... minute before running in, say, a 100-meter dash. The purpose of this hyperventilation is to achieve: 38) An untreated type 1 diabetic will be mobilizing and metabolizing fat, as well as carrying out high rates of gluconeogenesis in the liver. The resultant excess production of ketone bodies will pro ...
Digestible carbohydrates
... gluconeogenic. 8. Reversal of glycolysis is gluconeogenesis, an important source of glucose. 9. Main pathway of metabolism of fructose from the diet. 10. A small number of genetic diseases occur due to deficiency in activity of enzymes of glycolysis, are manifested mainly as hemolytic anemias. 11. C ...
... gluconeogenic. 8. Reversal of glycolysis is gluconeogenesis, an important source of glucose. 9. Main pathway of metabolism of fructose from the diet. 10. A small number of genetic diseases occur due to deficiency in activity of enzymes of glycolysis, are manifested mainly as hemolytic anemias. 11. C ...
Organic Molecule Marshmallow Lab
... 3. Name the two organic macromolecules to which a Carboxyl group would be found. 4. An amino group is found in which type of organic macromolecule? 5. The amino acid Serine is a building block of which type of organic macromolecules? 6. How many different amino acids exist in life? 7. Which four ele ...
... 3. Name the two organic macromolecules to which a Carboxyl group would be found. 4. An amino group is found in which type of organic macromolecule? 5. The amino acid Serine is a building block of which type of organic macromolecules? 6. How many different amino acids exist in life? 7. Which four ele ...
design of energy metabolism
... - Stored lipids (triacylglycerol) mobilized by hormonally controlled triacylglycerol lipases; yields 3 long-chain fatty acids + glycerol. Glycerol is catabolized via glycolysis. Fatty acids broken down 2-C per cycle in -oxidation pathway and then enter Krebs Cycle via acetyl-CoA. (See Figs 6.11 and ...
... - Stored lipids (triacylglycerol) mobilized by hormonally controlled triacylglycerol lipases; yields 3 long-chain fatty acids + glycerol. Glycerol is catabolized via glycolysis. Fatty acids broken down 2-C per cycle in -oxidation pathway and then enter Krebs Cycle via acetyl-CoA. (See Figs 6.11 and ...
chapter_6_mod_2009
... simple sugars. Cells can use the energy in fats and proteins as well. – Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol. – Proteins are digested into amino acids. Cells must convert fats and proteins into molecules that can enter and be metabolized by the enzymes of glycolysis or the Kreb’s cycle. ...
... simple sugars. Cells can use the energy in fats and proteins as well. – Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol. – Proteins are digested into amino acids. Cells must convert fats and proteins into molecules that can enter and be metabolized by the enzymes of glycolysis or the Kreb’s cycle. ...
Stored Triglycerides (Fat)
... The water-soluble glycerol molecule formed from lipolysis can diffuse from the adipocytes into the circulation. The liver can use the glycerol in the circulation to form glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycerol is accepted as 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, which degrades to pyruvate to be oxidized for AT ...
... The water-soluble glycerol molecule formed from lipolysis can diffuse from the adipocytes into the circulation. The liver can use the glycerol in the circulation to form glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycerol is accepted as 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, which degrades to pyruvate to be oxidized for AT ...
Word
... C) Arachidonic acid and Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) are both key signaling molecules released from phospholipids. D) The breakdown of phospholipids only occurs in response to the cellular need for free fatty acyl chains. E) Once a phospholipid loses one of its acyl chains it must be completely ...
... C) Arachidonic acid and Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) are both key signaling molecules released from phospholipids. D) The breakdown of phospholipids only occurs in response to the cellular need for free fatty acyl chains. E) Once a phospholipid loses one of its acyl chains it must be completely ...
Exam II answer key
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
Exam II
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
... converted into something that can enter a primary metabolic pathway. Draw the mechanism of this/these steps. Propionyl CoA biotin dependent carboxylation to methyl malonyl CoA, B-12 dependent rearrangement to succinyl CoA. See mechanisms on web site and book. 10. (10 pts) Describe the structure of g ...
1 Respiration efficiency Respiration summary
... gram of dry glycogen rapidly hydrates with two grams of water, so hydrated energy density of fatty acids is 3*9/4 or more than 6x glycogen's. ...
... gram of dry glycogen rapidly hydrates with two grams of water, so hydrated energy density of fatty acids is 3*9/4 or more than 6x glycogen's. ...
Exam 4 KEY
... A. (4 pts) The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the cytosol is an exergonic reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (ΔGº' = -31.4 kJ/mol). Since the reverse of this reaction is highly unfavorable (ΔGº' = +31.4 kJ/mol), explain how it is possible that the conversion of pyruva ...
... A. (4 pts) The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate in the cytosol is an exergonic reaction catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate kinase (ΔGº' = -31.4 kJ/mol). Since the reverse of this reaction is highly unfavorable (ΔGº' = +31.4 kJ/mol), explain how it is possible that the conversion of pyruva ...
Chapter 14b
... Summary of Chapter 14b 1. Gluconeogenesis - is the biosynthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors at liver and kidney (minor). - Glycogen stored in liver is only a half day supply of glucose to brain which uses only glucose as fuel. - Initially, glycolysis products (pyruvate & lactate), ci ...
... Summary of Chapter 14b 1. Gluconeogenesis - is the biosynthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors at liver and kidney (minor). - Glycogen stored in liver is only a half day supply of glucose to brain which uses only glucose as fuel. - Initially, glycolysis products (pyruvate & lactate), ci ...
Section 1 Metabolic Processes Cell Structure and Process
... Cell Structure and Process electronegativity: a substance’s ability to attract electrons usually, electronegativity increases from left to right and from bottom to top in a periodic table if the electronegativity difference of a bond is greater than or equal to 1.7, that bond is ionic if it is less ...
... Cell Structure and Process electronegativity: a substance’s ability to attract electrons usually, electronegativity increases from left to right and from bottom to top in a periodic table if the electronegativity difference of a bond is greater than or equal to 1.7, that bond is ionic if it is less ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.