The importance of gluconeogenesis as an important
... 1- Pyruvate Caroxylase: Carboxylation reaction, requires Biotin and ATP, occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GT ...
... 1- Pyruvate Caroxylase: Carboxylation reaction, requires Biotin and ATP, occurs in the mitochondria, allosterically activated by acetyl CoA. OAA has to be transported from mitochondria to cytosol. (PyruvateOxaloacetate “OAA”) 2- PEPCK: Decarboxylation & phosphorylation reaction, requires energy (GT ...
Ch. 23 Oxidation of fatty acids, ketones 1. Fatty acids are fuels:
... • Fatty acids are major fuels, during fasting • Liver converts F.A. to ketone bodies, used by brain during prolonged fasting • F.A. released from adipose tissue are activated to fatty acyl CoA, transported to mitochondria: ββ-oxidation path generates ATP, 2-C Acetyl CoA from even-chain long-length c ...
... • Fatty acids are major fuels, during fasting • Liver converts F.A. to ketone bodies, used by brain during prolonged fasting • F.A. released from adipose tissue are activated to fatty acyl CoA, transported to mitochondria: ββ-oxidation path generates ATP, 2-C Acetyl CoA from even-chain long-length c ...
Sample exam
... 14. Which molecules drawn above would you attribute the property of amphipathic. 15. Which processes below consume more energy than they produce? (consume ATP, NADPH etc ) Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Cholesterol synthesis Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid bio ...
... 14. Which molecules drawn above would you attribute the property of amphipathic. 15. Which processes below consume more energy than they produce? (consume ATP, NADPH etc ) Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Cholesterol synthesis Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid bio ...
Introduction to Biology
... obtaining the energy. 2- Carbohydrates are used for storing energy in living organisms’ bodies until they require it. 3- Carbohydrates are a basic component for some parts of the cell such as cellulose in the root of plant cells. Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified accord ...
... obtaining the energy. 2- Carbohydrates are used for storing energy in living organisms’ bodies until they require it. 3- Carbohydrates are a basic component for some parts of the cell such as cellulose in the root of plant cells. Classification of carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are classified accord ...
Lecture 7 Citric acid cycle
... results in the generation of glucose from noncarbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. ...
... results in the generation of glucose from noncarbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. ...
Modern Biology: Chapter 3
... – Hundreds of glucose monomers make glycogen (animals) or starch & cellulose (plants) ...
... – Hundreds of glucose monomers make glycogen (animals) or starch & cellulose (plants) ...
Fat Catabolism
... abusers, who are found dead and in whom the cause of death cannot be ascertained. In order to examine the possible role of ketoacidosis for the cause of death in this group of alcohol abusers, the concentrations of ketone bodies were determined in post-mortem blood specimens…” Thomsen JL, Felby S, T ...
... abusers, who are found dead and in whom the cause of death cannot be ascertained. In order to examine the possible role of ketoacidosis for the cause of death in this group of alcohol abusers, the concentrations of ketone bodies were determined in post-mortem blood specimens…” Thomsen JL, Felby S, T ...
Correlation - EngineeringDuniya.com
... and degraded to yield pyruvate and citric acid cycle intermediates with various fates. •Pyruvate can be converted to glucose and glycogen via gluconeogenesis or • it can be converted to acetyl coA which has several possible metabolic fates eg. ATP synthesis and lipid synthesis. •Amino acids donate t ...
... and degraded to yield pyruvate and citric acid cycle intermediates with various fates. •Pyruvate can be converted to glucose and glycogen via gluconeogenesis or • it can be converted to acetyl coA which has several possible metabolic fates eg. ATP synthesis and lipid synthesis. •Amino acids donate t ...
Overview of Inherited Metabolic Disorders
... CNS function (except in the infant, CNS is almost completely dependent on glucose from the blood for energy other tissues also require glucose but can utilize other energy sources as well ie fatty acids and amino acids, glycerol and lactate ...
... CNS function (except in the infant, CNS is almost completely dependent on glucose from the blood for energy other tissues also require glucose but can utilize other energy sources as well ie fatty acids and amino acids, glycerol and lactate ...
Biological Macromolecules
... source of energy – that’s why our extra energy is stored as fat in fat tissue ► Also important as: structural components of cells (membranes) Chemical messengers - hormones (steroids) protective waxes (earwax, outer covering of insects) Protection against heat loss (insulation) ...
... source of energy – that’s why our extra energy is stored as fat in fat tissue ► Also important as: structural components of cells (membranes) Chemical messengers - hormones (steroids) protective waxes (earwax, outer covering of insects) Protection against heat loss (insulation) ...
Biological Macromolecules
... source of energy – that’s why our extra energy is stored as fat in fat tissue ► Also important as: structural components of cells (membranes) Chemical messengers - hormones (steroids) protective waxes (earwax, outer covering of insects) Protection against heat loss (insulation) ...
... source of energy – that’s why our extra energy is stored as fat in fat tissue ► Also important as: structural components of cells (membranes) Chemical messengers - hormones (steroids) protective waxes (earwax, outer covering of insects) Protection against heat loss (insulation) ...
biochem 33 [3-24
... How can serum cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels be determined? a. Via enzyme-coupled reactions i. Cholesterol is freed via cholesterol esterase, then oxidized in a rxn that reduces O2 to H2O2; horseradish peroxidase is converted by H2O2 producing a color change, the intensity of which= cholest ...
... How can serum cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels be determined? a. Via enzyme-coupled reactions i. Cholesterol is freed via cholesterol esterase, then oxidized in a rxn that reduces O2 to H2O2; horseradish peroxidase is converted by H2O2 producing a color change, the intensity of which= cholest ...
chapter3_part1
... vegetable oil raise levels of cholesterol in our blood more than any other fat, and directly alter blood vessel/harden arteries – atheroslcerosis Trans fats are found in red meats, chocolate, and large amounts in hydrogenated oils (cakes, cookies, etc.) ...
... vegetable oil raise levels of cholesterol in our blood more than any other fat, and directly alter blood vessel/harden arteries – atheroslcerosis Trans fats are found in red meats, chocolate, and large amounts in hydrogenated oils (cakes, cookies, etc.) ...
Inborn errors of metabolism
... Metabolic Disorders Presenting as Severe Neonatal Disease 1. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism • Galactosemia - presents with severe liver disease, gram negative sepsis, and/or cataracts Enz deficiency: Gal-1-phos uridyl transferase, UDP-gal-4epimerase • Glycogen storage disease type 1a & 1b - ...
... Metabolic Disorders Presenting as Severe Neonatal Disease 1. Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism • Galactosemia - presents with severe liver disease, gram negative sepsis, and/or cataracts Enz deficiency: Gal-1-phos uridyl transferase, UDP-gal-4epimerase • Glycogen storage disease type 1a & 1b - ...
CHO PPT
... Regular physical activity — at least 30 to 60 minutes most days of the week lower your blood pressure by 4 to 9 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Eat a healthy diet Eating a diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and skimps on saturated fat and cholesterol can ...
... Regular physical activity — at least 30 to 60 minutes most days of the week lower your blood pressure by 4 to 9 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Eat a healthy diet Eating a diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and skimps on saturated fat and cholesterol can ...
Carbohydrates
... Carbonyl: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters. Carboxyl: carboxylic acids *Note that properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups ...
... Carbonyl: aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters. Carboxyl: carboxylic acids *Note that properties such as boiling and melting point change due to functional groups ...
Carbohydrates & Begin Lipids
... 2. Too much cholesterol in our diets causes deposits of fatty acids (called plaques) to build up in in our blood vessels. 3. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. 4. When blood vessels become blocked we can suffer from: A. Stroke (blockage in the brain) B. Heart attack (blockage to arteries in ...
... 2. Too much cholesterol in our diets causes deposits of fatty acids (called plaques) to build up in in our blood vessels. 3. This condition is known as atherosclerosis. 4. When blood vessels become blocked we can suffer from: A. Stroke (blockage in the brain) B. Heart attack (blockage to arteries in ...
Xu-7-integration
... cells to breakdown glucose, releasing its energy in the form of ATP the liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen adipose tissue to store glucose as fat cells to use glucose in protein synthesis ...
... cells to breakdown glucose, releasing its energy in the form of ATP the liver and muscle to store glucose as glycogen adipose tissue to store glucose as fat cells to use glucose in protein synthesis ...
Polymers vs. monomers wkst. and concept map
... ________________________________________ 20. Your best friend tells you that they are deathly allergic to certain amino acids in food. Your mom has prepared dinner already, so you need to tell her not to serve what macromolecule to them? ...
... ________________________________________ 20. Your best friend tells you that they are deathly allergic to certain amino acids in food. Your mom has prepared dinner already, so you need to tell her not to serve what macromolecule to them? ...
BIOANALYTICAL/CLINICAL ANALYSIS
... INSULIN ADDED TO TYPE 1(AT LAST STAGES TYPE 2= DRUGS GLUCOBAY/GLUCOPHARGE AT FIRST-ADSORBS GLUCOSE) INSULIN NORMALLY PRODUCED IN PANCREAS: -PROMOTES GLYCOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS - INCREASES PERMEABILITY ...
... INSULIN ADDED TO TYPE 1(AT LAST STAGES TYPE 2= DRUGS GLUCOBAY/GLUCOPHARGE AT FIRST-ADSORBS GLUCOSE) INSULIN NORMALLY PRODUCED IN PANCREAS: -PROMOTES GLYCOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS - INCREASES PERMEABILITY ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N compounds, energy (also via gluco ...
... • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N compounds, energy (also via gluco ...
U4L23 starvation - The University of Sydney
... • Under normal circumstances, brain can only use glucose – Cannot use FAs which cannot cross blood-brain barrier ...
... • Under normal circumstances, brain can only use glucose – Cannot use FAs which cannot cross blood-brain barrier ...
1 Amino Acid Metabolism
... • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N compounds, energy (also via gluco ...
... • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N compounds, energy (also via gluco ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.