Lecture 1 Course overview and intro to enzymes
... glycogen phosphorylase, debranching enzyme Control of glycogen metabolism allosteric control of glycogen phosphorylase phosphorylation hormonal control of GP phosphorylation insulin decreases activity (less phosphorylated GP) glucagons (in liver) increase activity (more phosphorylated GP) hormonal c ...
... glycogen phosphorylase, debranching enzyme Control of glycogen metabolism allosteric control of glycogen phosphorylase phosphorylation hormonal control of GP phosphorylation insulin decreases activity (less phosphorylated GP) glucagons (in liver) increase activity (more phosphorylated GP) hormonal c ...
Biomolecules - Mercer Island School District
... For the same amount of each type of biomolecule below, which one has the most energy? Why? ...
... For the same amount of each type of biomolecule below, which one has the most energy? Why? ...
Anti-Gout Diet -
... Patients with Gout typically suffer sudden, severe attacks of pain and tenderness, redness, warmth, and swelling in some joints. Gout strikes when uric acid builds up in the body to such an extent that the kidneys are unable to flush it out. (Uric acid is a substance that normally forms when the bod ...
... Patients with Gout typically suffer sudden, severe attacks of pain and tenderness, redness, warmth, and swelling in some joints. Gout strikes when uric acid builds up in the body to such an extent that the kidneys are unable to flush it out. (Uric acid is a substance that normally forms when the bod ...
aerobic vs anerobic ws - Hicksville Public Schools
... 16. Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces a. starch` c. acetyl CoA b. lactic acid d. pyruvic acid 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group 18. Glycolysis takes ...
... 16. Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces a. starch` c. acetyl CoA b. lactic acid d. pyruvic acid 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group 18. Glycolysis takes ...
3.DCP I Year BCP Metabolism Notes
... The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932), five years before the discovery of the TCA cyc ...
... The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produces urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932), five years before the discovery of the TCA cyc ...
Cellular respiration
... Purpose: to convert pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA so it can enter the Citric Acid/Kreb’s Cycle • it is here that fats and proteins can ‘enter the picture’ (i.e., be used as a fuel source) • it is also when we move from the sarcoplasm into the mitochondria for the first time ...
... Purpose: to convert pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA so it can enter the Citric Acid/Kreb’s Cycle • it is here that fats and proteins can ‘enter the picture’ (i.e., be used as a fuel source) • it is also when we move from the sarcoplasm into the mitochondria for the first time ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... % of available energy in glucose. • Most remains in pyruvate. ...
... % of available energy in glucose. • Most remains in pyruvate. ...
Respiration Eq. for reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------
... - occurs in the cytoplasm and then the cristae and matrix of the mitochondria - reaction is an oxidation reaction (uses oxygen): aerobic respiration - energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) - some is lost as heat (responsible for organism’s body temperature) - produces 38 ATP (2 from ...
... - occurs in the cytoplasm and then the cristae and matrix of the mitochondria - reaction is an oxidation reaction (uses oxygen): aerobic respiration - energy is in the form of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) - some is lost as heat (responsible for organism’s body temperature) - produces 38 ATP (2 from ...
PASS MOCK EXAM
... c. NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis. d. NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation. e. all of the above 59. Glucose is transported in the bloodstream to cells in all parts of your body. Once glucose reaches the cell, Which of the following is incorrect: a. Gluco ...
... c. NADH is capable of pumping ions during glycolysis. d. NADH is used primarily in substrate-level phosphorylation. e. all of the above 59. Glucose is transported in the bloodstream to cells in all parts of your body. Once glucose reaches the cell, Which of the following is incorrect: a. Gluco ...
Dehydration Synthesis
... Carbohydrates are very important in living systems for the following functions: __________ energy supply (e.g. glucose is used by all cells to produce ATP energy) _________________ (e.g. glycogen is stored in liver and muscles and can be rapidly converted to glucose: starch has a similar role in pla ...
... Carbohydrates are very important in living systems for the following functions: __________ energy supply (e.g. glucose is used by all cells to produce ATP energy) _________________ (e.g. glycogen is stored in liver and muscles and can be rapidly converted to glucose: starch has a similar role in pla ...
29 Cellular Respiration Biology “B”
... forward. An enzyme attaches to another molecule to change that molecule in some way. Enzymes will attach to specific molecules (called substrates) and change the substrate in some way to form a product. The reaction is shown below: Enzyme causes reaction to go forward to make product(s) ...
... forward. An enzyme attaches to another molecule to change that molecule in some way. Enzymes will attach to specific molecules (called substrates) and change the substrate in some way to form a product. The reaction is shown below: Enzyme causes reaction to go forward to make product(s) ...
Biomolecules
... Monosaccharides – are 1 sugar in length. Examples: glucose, galactose, fructose Disaccharides – are two simple sugars bonded together. (cannot be longer or shorter) Polysaccharides – are greater than 2 simple sugars joined together. ...
... Monosaccharides – are 1 sugar in length. Examples: glucose, galactose, fructose Disaccharides – are two simple sugars bonded together. (cannot be longer or shorter) Polysaccharides – are greater than 2 simple sugars joined together. ...
Chemical Organization of Life
... forming a double helix the two backbones run in opposite 5´ to 3´ directions from each other, an arrangement referred to as antiparallel The nitrogenous bases in DNA form hydrogen bonds in a ...
... forming a double helix the two backbones run in opposite 5´ to 3´ directions from each other, an arrangement referred to as antiparallel The nitrogenous bases in DNA form hydrogen bonds in a ...
Fatty acids with
... Ketone bodies can be regarded as a transport form of acetyl groups Important sources of energy: heart muscle, renal cortex (preference to glucose, 1/3 of the energy) brain - glucose is the major fuel but in starvation and diabetes brain uses acetoacetate ...
... Ketone bodies can be regarded as a transport form of acetyl groups Important sources of energy: heart muscle, renal cortex (preference to glucose, 1/3 of the energy) brain - glucose is the major fuel but in starvation and diabetes brain uses acetoacetate ...
Unit One: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General
... a. During glycolysis, 4 ATPs are produced but a net gain of only 2 ATPs (two are needed to start the process); also generate 2 NADHs b. During the transition rx, 2 NADHs are formed c. During each revolution of the citric acid cycle, one ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 d. Generate a total of 38 ATP (3 per each ...
... a. During glycolysis, 4 ATPs are produced but a net gain of only 2 ATPs (two are needed to start the process); also generate 2 NADHs b. During the transition rx, 2 NADHs are formed c. During each revolution of the citric acid cycle, one ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 d. Generate a total of 38 ATP (3 per each ...
Repair/Recovery/Plasticity
... “a food or part of a food for oral administration with demonstrated safety and health benefits beyond the basic nutritional functions to supplement diet, presented in a non-food matrix or non-conventional food formats, in such a quantity that exceeds those that could be obtained from normal foods an ...
... “a food or part of a food for oral administration with demonstrated safety and health benefits beyond the basic nutritional functions to supplement diet, presented in a non-food matrix or non-conventional food formats, in such a quantity that exceeds those that could be obtained from normal foods an ...
Basic organic chemistry of important macromolecules (Lecture 11-12)
... 1) formed by the actions of living things; and/or 2) have a carbon backbone. Carbon has four electrons in outer shell, and can bond with up to four other atoms (usually H, O, N, or another C). Since carbon can make covalent bonds with another carbon atom, carbon chains and rings that serve as the ba ...
... 1) formed by the actions of living things; and/or 2) have a carbon backbone. Carbon has four electrons in outer shell, and can bond with up to four other atoms (usually H, O, N, or another C). Since carbon can make covalent bonds with another carbon atom, carbon chains and rings that serve as the ba ...
- Circle of Docs
... b. 70; 5; 25 c. 60; 30; 10 d. 50; 40; 10 56. intermediate in cholesterol synthesis a. HMG CoA b. Acetyl CoA c. Succinate d. Fumarate 57. has only two double bonded carbons a. linoleic b. linolenic c. arachidonic d. oleic 58. In the phenylalanine to tyrosine pathway, what is the end product? a. Test ...
... b. 70; 5; 25 c. 60; 30; 10 d. 50; 40; 10 56. intermediate in cholesterol synthesis a. HMG CoA b. Acetyl CoA c. Succinate d. Fumarate 57. has only two double bonded carbons a. linoleic b. linolenic c. arachidonic d. oleic 58. In the phenylalanine to tyrosine pathway, what is the end product? a. Test ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.