The Cycling of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Through Acetylcarnitine Buffers
... spectroscopy to determine whether carnitine acetyltransferase facilitates carbohydrate oxidation in the heart. Methods and Results—Ex vivo, following hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate infusion, the [1-13C]acetylcarnitine resonance was saturated with a radiofrequency pulse, and the effect of this satura ...
... spectroscopy to determine whether carnitine acetyltransferase facilitates carbohydrate oxidation in the heart. Methods and Results—Ex vivo, following hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate infusion, the [1-13C]acetylcarnitine resonance was saturated with a radiofrequency pulse, and the effect of this satura ...
Phenylketonuria
... (B) High excess of phenylalanine in blood leads to excretion of this amino acid into the intestine. Here it competes with tryptophan for absorption. Tryptophan becomes subject to action of intestinal bacteria resulting in formation of indole derivatives which are absorbed and excreted in urine. ...
... (B) High excess of phenylalanine in blood leads to excretion of this amino acid into the intestine. Here it competes with tryptophan for absorption. Tryptophan becomes subject to action of intestinal bacteria resulting in formation of indole derivatives which are absorbed and excreted in urine. ...
Lecture - Ch 25-7
... Enzymes and Coenzymes • Most enzymes contain a non-protein component called a cofactor – It is either an inorganic ion or a small organic molecule called a coenzyme – Coenzymes are reactants that undergo a chemical change during the reaction and require an additional step to revert to their initial ...
... Enzymes and Coenzymes • Most enzymes contain a non-protein component called a cofactor – It is either an inorganic ion or a small organic molecule called a coenzyme – Coenzymes are reactants that undergo a chemical change during the reaction and require an additional step to revert to their initial ...
Amino Acids and Protein Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy
... amino acids could lead to more feed efficiency and productivity. This experiment was conducted for determination of sampling site (excreta and ileum) and recognition of the effects of a commercial enzyme (Grind®; Danisco, Finland) on metabolizable energy, protein and amino acid digestibility of barl ...
... amino acids could lead to more feed efficiency and productivity. This experiment was conducted for determination of sampling site (excreta and ileum) and recognition of the effects of a commercial enzyme (Grind®; Danisco, Finland) on metabolizable energy, protein and amino acid digestibility of barl ...
Chapter 7 - Metabolism
... a. energy, fatty acids b. glucose, acetyl CoA c. oxygen, lactate d. glycogen, glucose Copyright © 2011, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
... a. energy, fatty acids b. glucose, acetyl CoA c. oxygen, lactate d. glycogen, glucose Copyright © 2011, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings. ...
video slide
... Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers ...
... Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers ...
Document
... Pregnancy and lactation: 2.0 mg/day The riboflavin has two coenzyme forms they are flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Some enzymes have FMN and FAD as their integral part. Such enzymes are called flavoproteins Dr S Nayak ...
... Pregnancy and lactation: 2.0 mg/day The riboflavin has two coenzyme forms they are flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Some enzymes have FMN and FAD as their integral part. Such enzymes are called flavoproteins Dr S Nayak ...
Mini-Series: Modern Metabolic Concepts The Biochemistry of the
... binds E1 at the different site. While E3 interacts with the N-terminal part of the subunit-binding domain, E1 binds to the C-terminal part of the same domain. The binding site for the A. vinelandii E1 was shown to involve not only the subunit-binding domain but also the E2 inner domain [9]. PDK is a ...
... binds E1 at the different site. While E3 interacts with the N-terminal part of the subunit-binding domain, E1 binds to the C-terminal part of the same domain. The binding site for the A. vinelandii E1 was shown to involve not only the subunit-binding domain but also the E2 inner domain [9]. PDK is a ...
... 2.2. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes .................................................. 7 2.3. Risk Factors for type 2 diabetes ................................................... 9 2.3.1. Obesity .................................................................................. 9 2.3.2. Environment ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Polyuria and dehydratation (glycosuria) Lipid degradation, gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle blockade Ketonemia, ketonuria (instead of nitroprusside test specific b-hydroxybutyrate assay – in blood, too) Kussmaul breathing, disturbed consciousness, coma Increased anion gap ...
... Polyuria and dehydratation (glycosuria) Lipid degradation, gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle blockade Ketonemia, ketonuria (instead of nitroprusside test specific b-hydroxybutyrate assay – in blood, too) Kussmaul breathing, disturbed consciousness, coma Increased anion gap ...
10.25-11.3.11 Glycolysis
... •Cells are far away from equilibrium and far away from standard state conditions. We have much more ATP than would be dictated by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, a ...
... •Cells are far away from equilibrium and far away from standard state conditions. We have much more ATP than would be dictated by equilibrium; the ratio of ATP to ADP+Pi in some cells is as high as 200/1 rather than 1/200,000. •This means that a cell can be far from equilibrium w.r. to this ratio, a ...
heme
... Bil is reduced to urobilinogen and stercobilinogen by bacteria → oxidation to urobilin and stercobilin Bile pigments are mostly excreted in feces, but a small proportion is resorbed (enterohepatic circulation). Small amount of urobilinogen is excreted with urine. ...
... Bil is reduced to urobilinogen and stercobilinogen by bacteria → oxidation to urobilin and stercobilin Bile pigments are mostly excreted in feces, but a small proportion is resorbed (enterohepatic circulation). Small amount of urobilinogen is excreted with urine. ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
ATP - HEDCen Science
... • Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration. • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates. • Proteins must be digested to amino acids which can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
... • Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration. • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates. • Proteins must be digested to amino acids which can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle. ...
Fatigue During Muscular Exercise
... – depletion associated with fatigue – moderate activity - uniform depletion from different fiber types • Also activity specific fiber depletion – Carbohydrate loading can improve performance – Caffeine (inc FFA mobilization) can also offset fatigue • Blood Glucose – During short intense exercise bou ...
... – depletion associated with fatigue – moderate activity - uniform depletion from different fiber types • Also activity specific fiber depletion – Carbohydrate loading can improve performance – Caffeine (inc FFA mobilization) can also offset fatigue • Blood Glucose – During short intense exercise bou ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... FXR, bile acids further regulate hepatic glucose production by gluconeogenesis. In one set of studies, FXR activation by CA decreased the expression of the gluconeogenic genes PEPCK (phosphoenol pyruvate kinase), G6Pase (glucose-6-phosphatase) and FBP1 (fructose-1,6bisphosphatase) [27,28]. In contr ...
... FXR, bile acids further regulate hepatic glucose production by gluconeogenesis. In one set of studies, FXR activation by CA decreased the expression of the gluconeogenic genes PEPCK (phosphoenol pyruvate kinase), G6Pase (glucose-6-phosphatase) and FBP1 (fructose-1,6bisphosphatase) [27,28]. In contr ...
Biochemistry of Ensiling - DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska
... oligosaccharides (Kandler & Hopf, 1980). This is a bit of an arbitrary definition to draw a distinction between oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. In most cases naturally occurring oligosaccharides that are not intermediates of polysaccharide degradation are generally two to five residues in leng ...
... oligosaccharides (Kandler & Hopf, 1980). This is a bit of an arbitrary definition to draw a distinction between oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. In most cases naturally occurring oligosaccharides that are not intermediates of polysaccharide degradation are generally two to five residues in leng ...
Cell Respiration Review 1
... Fats that are broken down between meals or during exercise as alternatives to glucose Used between meals when free glucose supply dwindles; enters glycolysis after conversion Its breakdown yields much more ATP than glucose Absorbed in large amounts immediately following a meal Represents only 1 perc ...
... Fats that are broken down between meals or during exercise as alternatives to glucose Used between meals when free glucose supply dwindles; enters glycolysis after conversion Its breakdown yields much more ATP than glucose Absorbed in large amounts immediately following a meal Represents only 1 perc ...
Leptin Exhibits Pluripotent Effects on Appetite and Metabolism
... stimulate appetite – through two hormones: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and inhibit appetite – through proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that activate the appetite suppressing pathway which includes the satiety hormone α-MSH (alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone). The ven ...
... stimulate appetite – through two hormones: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and inhibit appetite – through proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that activate the appetite suppressing pathway which includes the satiety hormone α-MSH (alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone). The ven ...
5. Respiration Booklet TN
... CREDIT no, electron transport chain/electron carrier chain/chemiosmosis/oxidative phosphorylation (7) NAD/E, regenerated/recycled/able to be re-used; IGNORE reduced NAD, oxidised/re-oxidised (as this does not give the idea of reusing it) (8) allows glycolysis to continue/pyruvate continues to be mad ...
... CREDIT no, electron transport chain/electron carrier chain/chemiosmosis/oxidative phosphorylation (7) NAD/E, regenerated/recycled/able to be re-used; IGNORE reduced NAD, oxidised/re-oxidised (as this does not give the idea of reusing it) (8) allows glycolysis to continue/pyruvate continues to be mad ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.