Genetics Ch 7 128-148 [4-20
... quantities to meet tissue demands, and exhaustion of glucose supplies -results in cerebral edema and encephalopathy -death follows unless another energy source like glucose is provided -Majority of Europeans have a missense A-G mutation resulting in substitution of glutamate for lysine. -addition su ...
... quantities to meet tissue demands, and exhaustion of glucose supplies -results in cerebral edema and encephalopathy -death follows unless another energy source like glucose is provided -Majority of Europeans have a missense A-G mutation resulting in substitution of glutamate for lysine. -addition su ...
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle
... After intense exercise, muscle tissue will run out of oxygen. Therefore, the muscle cannot use aerobic respiration (citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) to regenerate ATP and instead must use anaerobic respiration. The product of anaerobic respiration is lactate, or lactic acid, which pr ...
... After intense exercise, muscle tissue will run out of oxygen. Therefore, the muscle cannot use aerobic respiration (citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation) to regenerate ATP and instead must use anaerobic respiration. The product of anaerobic respiration is lactate, or lactic acid, which pr ...
Physiology Ch 78 p939-954 [4-25
... Effect of Insulin on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Other Cells – insulin increases glucose transport and usage by most other cells except brain; provides glycerol for fats Effect of Insulin on Fat Metabolism – insulin lack can cause atherosclerosis heart attacks -Insulin promotes fat synthesis and s ...
... Effect of Insulin on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Other Cells – insulin increases glucose transport and usage by most other cells except brain; provides glycerol for fats Effect of Insulin on Fat Metabolism – insulin lack can cause atherosclerosis heart attacks -Insulin promotes fat synthesis and s ...
The Formation of Pyruvate from Citric Acid
... In studies to investigate the relationship of renal gluconeogenesis to ammonia production in isolated tubules from rat kidney cortex we observed the following: when phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP-oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1 .I .32] is inhibited by 3-mercaptopico ...
... In studies to investigate the relationship of renal gluconeogenesis to ammonia production in isolated tubules from rat kidney cortex we observed the following: when phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP-oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1 .I .32] is inhibited by 3-mercaptopico ...
Amino Acid Metabolism - Breakdown Other metabolic
... NADPH - used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (found most in mammary gland, adrenal cortex, liver and adipose tissue) Ribose 5-phosphate - used to synthesize nucleic acids (occurs at high rates in growing and regenerating tissues and in tumors) ...
... NADPH - used in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis (found most in mammary gland, adrenal cortex, liver and adipose tissue) Ribose 5-phosphate - used to synthesize nucleic acids (occurs at high rates in growing and regenerating tissues and in tumors) ...
Chapter 3
... • Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) – Completes the oxidation of substrates – Produces NADH and FADH to enter the electron transport chain ...
... • Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) – Completes the oxidation of substrates – Produces NADH and FADH to enter the electron transport chain ...
Word
... D) It is positively regulated by a high FADH2/FAD ratio E) The NADH it produces is used to reduce Coenzyme Q10 16) Which choice (A — E) for filling in the blanks makes a true statement? In the regulation of glycogenolysis in liver cells, binding of the hormone _____X______ leads to the release of th ...
... D) It is positively regulated by a high FADH2/FAD ratio E) The NADH it produces is used to reduce Coenzyme Q10 16) Which choice (A — E) for filling in the blanks makes a true statement? In the regulation of glycogenolysis in liver cells, binding of the hormone _____X______ leads to the release of th ...
AP Biology: Chapter 9
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
... AP Biology: Chapter 9 Review Guide RESPIRATION — GLYCOLYSIS 1. Identify some specific processes the cell does with ATP. 2. Explain why ATP is such a “high energy” molecule. 3. Sketch the ATP/ADP cycle: 4. How does ATP “couple reactions”? 5. What is the name of enzymes which phosphorylate molecules? ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Name the two major metabolic states. The ______________________state occurs during the period immediately after a meal when nutrients are being absorbed through the intestinal wall into the _____________ and _________________. It normally lasts ________ hours. The hormone of this state is __________ ...
... Name the two major metabolic states. The ______________________state occurs during the period immediately after a meal when nutrients are being absorbed through the intestinal wall into the _____________ and _________________. It normally lasts ________ hours. The hormone of this state is __________ ...
File
... Reaction• Condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate • The only reaction with C-C bond formation • Rate-limiting step of CAC Mechanism• Uses Acid/Base Catalysis – Carbonyl of oxaloacetate is a good electrophile – Methyl of acetyl-CoA is NOT a good nucleophile but is activated by deprotonation ...
... Reaction• Condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate • The only reaction with C-C bond formation • Rate-limiting step of CAC Mechanism• Uses Acid/Base Catalysis – Carbonyl of oxaloacetate is a good electrophile – Methyl of acetyl-CoA is NOT a good nucleophile but is activated by deprotonation ...
First Homework Assignment
... reducing sugars and the beta linkages would be hydrolyzed by a beta-galactosidase. Similarly, connecting glucose as a glucopyranoside to galactose also gives 8 possible types of linkage. These are all reducing sugars and the alpha type of linkage would be cut by an alpha glucosidase. Finally, the tw ...
... reducing sugars and the beta linkages would be hydrolyzed by a beta-galactosidase. Similarly, connecting glucose as a glucopyranoside to galactose also gives 8 possible types of linkage. These are all reducing sugars and the alpha type of linkage would be cut by an alpha glucosidase. Finally, the tw ...
doc BIOC 311 Final Study Guide
... 2.) GLUT-2 – found in the liver and pancreatic beta cells. Low affinity, high capacity 'glucose sensor'. 3.) Glut-4 – skeletal and cardiac muscle. Insulin-responsive glucose transporter that tells cells to take up glucose. C. The Glycolytic Pathway Reactions: 1. Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate* ...
... 2.) GLUT-2 – found in the liver and pancreatic beta cells. Low affinity, high capacity 'glucose sensor'. 3.) Glut-4 – skeletal and cardiac muscle. Insulin-responsive glucose transporter that tells cells to take up glucose. C. The Glycolytic Pathway Reactions: 1. Glucose + ATP → Glucose-6-Phosphate* ...
Protein synthesis in the Liver and the Urea Cycle
... regulation of the enzymes responsible for urea formation. So with long term changes in the quantity of dietary protein, upregulation in the order of 20 times has been demonstrated. This can be due to either increased intake as with body builders – high protein low fat diets - or in starvation becaus ...
... regulation of the enzymes responsible for urea formation. So with long term changes in the quantity of dietary protein, upregulation in the order of 20 times has been demonstrated. This can be due to either increased intake as with body builders – high protein low fat diets - or in starvation becaus ...
Why insulin resistance?
... Both in normal pregnancy and in GDM, insulin secretion increases steadily from the first trimester and reaches a maximum in the third, returning to normal values after delivery. The insulin response to the oral glucose intake is associated with a 120% increase in first-phase insulin secretion by the ...
... Both in normal pregnancy and in GDM, insulin secretion increases steadily from the first trimester and reaches a maximum in the third, returning to normal values after delivery. The insulin response to the oral glucose intake is associated with a 120% increase in first-phase insulin secretion by the ...
Engineering of Metabolic Pathways and Global Regulators of
... • A new category of premium farmed salmon that is beyond sustainable farming practices Raised on a diet rich in omega-3 Fish in Fish out ratio 1 to 1 vs. 4 to 1 One of the lowest pen densities No hormones or preventative antibiotics ...
... • A new category of premium farmed salmon that is beyond sustainable farming practices Raised on a diet rich in omega-3 Fish in Fish out ratio 1 to 1 vs. 4 to 1 One of the lowest pen densities No hormones or preventative antibiotics ...
3. GLYCOLYSIS
... energy as heat and therefore, under physiologic conditions, may be regarded as irreversible. Hexokinase is inhibited in a allosteric manner by the product, glucose 6- phosphate. The function of glucokinase is to remove glucose from the blood following digestion and absorption. It is specific for glu ...
... energy as heat and therefore, under physiologic conditions, may be regarded as irreversible. Hexokinase is inhibited in a allosteric manner by the product, glucose 6- phosphate. The function of glucokinase is to remove glucose from the blood following digestion and absorption. It is specific for glu ...
Respiration - College Heights Secondary
... Electron Transport System (ETS) A. General 1. inputs are the NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle a. processes electrons, not carbon 2. located on the inner membrane of the ...
... Electron Transport System (ETS) A. General 1. inputs are the NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle a. processes electrons, not carbon 2. located on the inner membrane of the ...
Vitamins - Mushrooms Canada
... adds virtually no calories, fat or sodium. Tossing some sliced mushrooms into green salads, soups, stews, stir-fries, omelets, as well as pasta and rice dishes is so easy and quick. Grilling whole portabellas makes a tasty low-fat “burger” and sautéed fresh mushrooms lend a savoury depth of flavour ...
... adds virtually no calories, fat or sodium. Tossing some sliced mushrooms into green salads, soups, stews, stir-fries, omelets, as well as pasta and rice dishes is so easy and quick. Grilling whole portabellas makes a tasty low-fat “burger” and sautéed fresh mushrooms lend a savoury depth of flavour ...
Document
... of the 3rd phase of Glucose Aerobic oxidation • Stage I The acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized into CO2, with electrons collected by NAD and FAD via a cyclic pathway (tricarboxylic acid cycle) • Stage II Electrons of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to O2 via a series carriers, producing H2O and a H+ g ...
... of the 3rd phase of Glucose Aerobic oxidation • Stage I The acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized into CO2, with electrons collected by NAD and FAD via a cyclic pathway (tricarboxylic acid cycle) • Stage II Electrons of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to O2 via a series carriers, producing H2O and a H+ g ...
ch 9 Cellular_Respiration
... • A mode of ATP synthesis when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP. ...
... • A mode of ATP synthesis when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP. ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... of the CAC reaction steps [succinyl CoA synthetase] that couples GTP synthesis to thioester bond cleavage. Without Pi, this enzyme reaction is inhibited and radioactive carbon would only be found in cycle intermediates that precede this reaction step. 29. The addition of citrate increased the capaci ...
... of the CAC reaction steps [succinyl CoA synthetase] that couples GTP synthesis to thioester bond cleavage. Without Pi, this enzyme reaction is inhibited and radioactive carbon would only be found in cycle intermediates that precede this reaction step. 29. The addition of citrate increased the capaci ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.