November 6th
... -oxidation yields n-2/2 NADH n-2/2 FADH2 You make n/2 Acetyl-CoA, which enter TCA cycle to yield 3n/2 NADH n/2 FADH2 n/2 ATP 3ATP per NADH Lost in activation 2ATP per FADH2 ...
... -oxidation yields n-2/2 NADH n-2/2 FADH2 You make n/2 Acetyl-CoA, which enter TCA cycle to yield 3n/2 NADH n/2 FADH2 n/2 ATP 3ATP per NADH Lost in activation 2ATP per FADH2 ...
Amino acid catabolism
... a result of amino acid catabolism, is transferred to pyruvate resulting in the formation of alanine. Alanine is another safe way to transport ammonia from muscle to liver via blood. In liver alanine aminotransferase transfers the amino gp to glutarate and pyruvate regenerated is used in gluconeogene ...
... a result of amino acid catabolism, is transferred to pyruvate resulting in the formation of alanine. Alanine is another safe way to transport ammonia from muscle to liver via blood. In liver alanine aminotransferase transfers the amino gp to glutarate and pyruvate regenerated is used in gluconeogene ...
removal of amino gp from glutamate to release ammonia Other
... 3. Metabolic break down of carbon skeleton to generate common intermediates that can be catabolized to CO2 or used in anabolic pathways to be stored as glucose or fat. ...
... 3. Metabolic break down of carbon skeleton to generate common intermediates that can be catabolized to CO2 or used in anabolic pathways to be stored as glucose or fat. ...
File
... If NAD is unavailable, the cell is unable to conduct any processes that involve the conversion of NAD to NADH. Because both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce NADH, both of these processes shut down when there is no available.NAD. 5. If the Krebs cycle does not require oxygen, why does cellula ...
... If NAD is unavailable, the cell is unable to conduct any processes that involve the conversion of NAD to NADH. Because both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce NADH, both of these processes shut down when there is no available.NAD. 5. If the Krebs cycle does not require oxygen, why does cellula ...
Post Exercise Carbohydrates May Be Counter
... exercise requires a substantial carbohydrate load that results in a quick and large increase in glycogen levels in both liver and skeletal muscles. Once the stores are full, or even super full, the stimulus declines dramatically. However, if no carbohydrates are given post exercise the muscle will m ...
... exercise requires a substantial carbohydrate load that results in a quick and large increase in glycogen levels in both liver and skeletal muscles. Once the stores are full, or even super full, the stimulus declines dramatically. However, if no carbohydrates are given post exercise the muscle will m ...
No Slide Title
... Nitrogen Excretion & Urea Cycle Ammonia is toxic, if not used for synthesis of new AAs or other nitrogenous products - excreted! Ammonium deposited in mitochondria of hepatocytes is converted to urea in the urea cycle ...
... Nitrogen Excretion & Urea Cycle Ammonia is toxic, if not used for synthesis of new AAs or other nitrogenous products - excreted! Ammonium deposited in mitochondria of hepatocytes is converted to urea in the urea cycle ...
document
... • People have passed out on the street during diabetic comas. Police find them, smell acetone on their breath and throw them in jail thinking they were drunk. • Unfortunately, they sometimes die. ...
... • People have passed out on the street during diabetic comas. Police find them, smell acetone on their breath and throw them in jail thinking they were drunk. • Unfortunately, they sometimes die. ...
Enzymes Recap
... Acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + 2H+ + CoA ...
... Acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + 2H+ + CoA ...
Lecture 27
... Examples: oleic acid and linoleic acid. In linoleic acid one of the double bonds is at an even-numbered carbon and the other double bond is at an odd-numbered carbon atom. 4 additional enzymes are necessary to deal with these problems. ...
... Examples: oleic acid and linoleic acid. In linoleic acid one of the double bonds is at an even-numbered carbon and the other double bond is at an odd-numbered carbon atom. 4 additional enzymes are necessary to deal with these problems. ...
... ______________). Neutral fats are composed of two types of molecules: _______________ and _______________. Most fatty acids contain about _______________ carbon atoms in a long chain. Saturated fatty acids have no _______________ bonds between carbon atoms, and tend to be solid at room temperature. ...
Nonessential Amino Acid Metabolism in Healthy Adult Males Using
... Previous Methods (N balance) were long in duration, very invasive and impractical The stable isotope based IAAO is rapid, minimally invasive and accurate IAAO measures the oxidation of the tracer 13C-PHE to 13CO2 in breath Oxidation is inversely proportional to protein synthesis High Oxida ...
... Previous Methods (N balance) were long in duration, very invasive and impractical The stable isotope based IAAO is rapid, minimally invasive and accurate IAAO measures the oxidation of the tracer 13C-PHE to 13CO2 in breath Oxidation is inversely proportional to protein synthesis High Oxida ...
b. Ketogenic amino acids
... - The catabolism of the amino acids found in proteins involves the removal of α-amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons. -These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products: pyruvate, intermediates of the TCA cycle (oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, ...
... - The catabolism of the amino acids found in proteins involves the removal of α-amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons. -These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products: pyruvate, intermediates of the TCA cycle (oxaloacetate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate, ...
KEY - chem.uwec.edu
... transport system (and “reverse” electron transport by NADH oxidation by NADH-Q oxidoreductase? QH2FAD). This may produce another ATP in the proton gradient formed. The end product would be succinate. 5. Some organisms can grow using ethanol as their sole carbon source (and I believe I have spotted ...
... transport system (and “reverse” electron transport by NADH oxidation by NADH-Q oxidoreductase? QH2FAD). This may produce another ATP in the proton gradient formed. The end product would be succinate. 5. Some organisms can grow using ethanol as their sole carbon source (and I believe I have spotted ...
Chapter 9_ objectives
... In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
... In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
Warburg Effect - a Consequence or the Cause of
... becomes cancerous at the point when it switches its glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. The new hypothesis that Warburg effect corresponds to the very beginning of carcinogenesis might be supported by the eventual failure in synthesis of the PDC. Such failure cou ...
... becomes cancerous at the point when it switches its glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. The new hypothesis that Warburg effect corresponds to the very beginning of carcinogenesis might be supported by the eventual failure in synthesis of the PDC. Such failure cou ...
Fatty Acids - National Lipid Association
... Acyl groups are derived from hydrolyzed fatty acids (which are carboxylic acids or -COOH). When an acyl group is attached to an -OH on a glycerol, the process is called esterification. Esterification of glycerol will produce TG or PL. Glycerol with one acyl group is a monoacylglycerol (MAG), those w ...
... Acyl groups are derived from hydrolyzed fatty acids (which are carboxylic acids or -COOH). When an acyl group is attached to an -OH on a glycerol, the process is called esterification. Esterification of glycerol will produce TG or PL. Glycerol with one acyl group is a monoacylglycerol (MAG), those w ...
cellular respiration
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
Cellular Respiration:
... NADH and FADH2. Recall that we get (from one glucose) 2 NADH molecules in glycolysis, 2 more from the preparatory reactions, and 6 more from the CAC. So in this scenario, we have 10 NADH molecules from one glucose molecule. The CAC also reduces 2 molecules of FADH2 (per glucose). At this point, we h ...
... NADH and FADH2. Recall that we get (from one glucose) 2 NADH molecules in glycolysis, 2 more from the preparatory reactions, and 6 more from the CAC. So in this scenario, we have 10 NADH molecules from one glucose molecule. The CAC also reduces 2 molecules of FADH2 (per glucose). At this point, we h ...
Biochemistry Biochemistry is a science concerning the chemical
... generation of ATP from glucose (complete aerobic oxidation of glucose, anaerobic glycolysis). Oxidative phosphorylation. The electron-transport chain. Chemiosmotic model of ATP synthesis. The structure of protein complexes of the electron-transport chain. Respiratory chain inhibitors, chemical uncou ...
... generation of ATP from glucose (complete aerobic oxidation of glucose, anaerobic glycolysis). Oxidative phosphorylation. The electron-transport chain. Chemiosmotic model of ATP synthesis. The structure of protein complexes of the electron-transport chain. Respiratory chain inhibitors, chemical uncou ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.