Topic: Exchange and functions of carbohydrates
... Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in gastrointestinal tract. The source of carbohydrates in the human body is food carbohydrates, the main of which is starch. Also, there is glucose, sucrose, lactose and fructose in food. Starch is the form of glucose depositing in the cells of plants. Lacto ...
... Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in gastrointestinal tract. The source of carbohydrates in the human body is food carbohydrates, the main of which is starch. Also, there is glucose, sucrose, lactose and fructose in food. Starch is the form of glucose depositing in the cells of plants. Lacto ...
ap10 biology scoring guidelines - AP Central
... o Increases formation of glycogen from glucose in liver/(skeletal) muscle cells as intracellular glucose is incorporated into glycogen (glycogenesis). o Increases rate of intracellular catabolism of glucose. o Increases fat synthesis from glucose in liver cells and adipose tissue. o Decreases glucon ...
... o Increases formation of glycogen from glucose in liver/(skeletal) muscle cells as intracellular glucose is incorporated into glycogen (glycogenesis). o Increases rate of intracellular catabolism of glucose. o Increases fat synthesis from glucose in liver cells and adipose tissue. o Decreases glucon ...
Gastric hormones handout text
... Renin cleaves plasma angiotensinogen to angiotensin I which is then cleaved by lung angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) to active angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion, thirst, and vasoconstriction. Pharmacology: ACE inhibitors used in the treatment of hypertension. Renal 1α-hydrox ...
... Renin cleaves plasma angiotensinogen to angiotensin I which is then cleaved by lung angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) to active angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion, thirst, and vasoconstriction. Pharmacology: ACE inhibitors used in the treatment of hypertension. Renal 1α-hydrox ...
breakdown of complex organic molecules into the simplest, stable
... condensation of three phenolic compounds ...
... condensation of three phenolic compounds ...
Glycolysis
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
... 1) Inherited enzyme deficiencies of glycolysis - Pyruvate kinase deficiency; it genetic deficiency of this enzyme in the erythrocytes lead to hemolytic anemia (excess destruction of RBC) - The normal RBC lacks the mitochondria and it is completely depend on the glycolysis as source of energy. - The ...
Respiration - Indian River Research and Education Center
... –O2 uptake and CO2 production is calculated by measuring the concentration differences between the inlet and outlet & knowing the gas ...
... –O2 uptake and CO2 production is calculated by measuring the concentration differences between the inlet and outlet & knowing the gas ...
7.2 Glycolysis
... Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen (during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration) Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell During glycolysis glucose is split in two to form 2 pyruvate molecules ...
... Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen (during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration) Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell During glycolysis glucose is split in two to form 2 pyruvate molecules ...
Lecture Fermentation
... Megasphaera elsdenii sensitive to acid pH • Decreased utilization of lactic acid Streptococcus bovis usually not present in high numbers (107/ml) • Grow very fast if sufficient glucose is present • Double numbers within 20 min (up to 109/ml) Produce lactic acid • Lactobacillus ruminis & L. vitulinus ...
... Megasphaera elsdenii sensitive to acid pH • Decreased utilization of lactic acid Streptococcus bovis usually not present in high numbers (107/ml) • Grow very fast if sufficient glucose is present • Double numbers within 20 min (up to 109/ml) Produce lactic acid • Lactobacillus ruminis & L. vitulinus ...
Gluconeogenesis
... Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate promotes the relaxed state, activating Phosphofructokinase even at high [ATP]. Thus activation by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, whose concentration fluctuates in response to external hormonal signals, supersedes local control by [ATP]. ...
... Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate promotes the relaxed state, activating Phosphofructokinase even at high [ATP]. Thus activation by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, whose concentration fluctuates in response to external hormonal signals, supersedes local control by [ATP]. ...
2.Carbohydrates - Distance Education Chennai
... Sugars are carbohydrates, but not all carbohydrates are sugars. There are more carbohydrates on Earth than any other known type of biomolecule; they are used to store energy and genetic information, as well as play important roles in cell to cell interactions and communications. Monosaccharides Gluc ...
... Sugars are carbohydrates, but not all carbohydrates are sugars. There are more carbohydrates on Earth than any other known type of biomolecule; they are used to store energy and genetic information, as well as play important roles in cell to cell interactions and communications. Monosaccharides Gluc ...
Metabolic engineering Synthetic Biology
... protists (a type of unicellular microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever and headache, which in severe cases can progress to coma or death : No effective vaccine exists2 In 2012, 219 million documented cases. Between 660,000 and 1.2 million people ...
... protists (a type of unicellular microorganism) of the genus Plasmodium. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever and headache, which in severe cases can progress to coma or death : No effective vaccine exists2 In 2012, 219 million documented cases. Between 660,000 and 1.2 million people ...
TCA Cycle Handout 1
... acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA is a key metabolic junction, derived not only from glycolysis but also from the oxidation of fatty acids. As the cycle proceeds, the Krebs cycle intermediates are oxidized, transferring their energy to create reduced NADH and FADH2. The oxidation of t ...
... acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA is a key metabolic junction, derived not only from glycolysis but also from the oxidation of fatty acids. As the cycle proceeds, the Krebs cycle intermediates are oxidized, transferring their energy to create reduced NADH and FADH2. The oxidation of t ...
Monomers and Polymers I
... Monomers and Polymers I There is an extensive variety of life, both today and in the past, however the biochemical properties that make up life have always been similar. Despite the large range of life on Earth, the cells of every living organism all contain the same types of compounds: carbohydrate ...
... Monomers and Polymers I There is an extensive variety of life, both today and in the past, however the biochemical properties that make up life have always been similar. Despite the large range of life on Earth, the cells of every living organism all contain the same types of compounds: carbohydrate ...
ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS
... and hydrogen sulphide is a gas. This unusual behaviour of water arises from its unique property of forming weak bonds called hydrogen bonds. In water, large number of H2O molecules are held together by these bonds which form between O and H, thus effectively forming a giant molecule. As is the rule, ...
... and hydrogen sulphide is a gas. This unusual behaviour of water arises from its unique property of forming weak bonds called hydrogen bonds. In water, large number of H2O molecules are held together by these bonds which form between O and H, thus effectively forming a giant molecule. As is the rule, ...
C14, C14:1
... Accumulation of toxic long-chain acyl-CoA intermediates within mitochondria Steatosis (fatty accumulation/degeneration) seen in hepatic, cardiac and skeletal muscle ...
... Accumulation of toxic long-chain acyl-CoA intermediates within mitochondria Steatosis (fatty accumulation/degeneration) seen in hepatic, cardiac and skeletal muscle ...
lecture_ch02_2014 modified
... broken by organisms. The simplest carbohydrates, including glucose, are monosaccharides or simple sugars. They contain from three to six carbon atoms. ...
... broken by organisms. The simplest carbohydrates, including glucose, are monosaccharides or simple sugars. They contain from three to six carbon atoms. ...
9/2/08 Transcript I - UAB School of Optometry
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
Renal11-ProximalTubularFunctionII
... and not reabsorbed anywhere. On top of that amount, some PAH is secreted. And the sum of those two are the amt excreted. At low PAH, the rate of secretion is great enough that all the plasma PAH is removed and ultimately excreted in the urine. But at some point that secretion process reach its tubul ...
... and not reabsorbed anywhere. On top of that amount, some PAH is secreted. And the sum of those two are the amt excreted. At low PAH, the rate of secretion is great enough that all the plasma PAH is removed and ultimately excreted in the urine. But at some point that secretion process reach its tubul ...
File
... GI disturbances, such as constipation, nausea, and flatulence. Colesevelam has fewer GI side effects than other bile acid resin. These agents may impair the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Interfere with the absorption of many drugs (for example, digoxin, warfarin, and thyro ...
... GI disturbances, such as constipation, nausea, and flatulence. Colesevelam has fewer GI side effects than other bile acid resin. These agents may impair the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Interfere with the absorption of many drugs (for example, digoxin, warfarin, and thyro ...
Chapter 2: Major Metabolic Pathway
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
Major Metabolic Pathway
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.