Chapter 20 Lipid Biosynthesis
... the condensation reaction (step 1), catalyzed by b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, the methylene group of malonyl-CoA (linked to ACP) undergoes a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the acetyl group linked to KS, forming the b-ketobutyryl-ACP with simultaneous elimination of CO2. the b-ketobutyry ...
... the condensation reaction (step 1), catalyzed by b-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, the methylene group of malonyl-CoA (linked to ACP) undergoes a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon of the acetyl group linked to KS, forming the b-ketobutyryl-ACP with simultaneous elimination of CO2. the b-ketobutyry ...
A glucose-responsive transcription factor that regulates
... defects suffered by as many as half of the American population presently overweight or obese (2). The liver is the principal organ responsible for the conversion of excess dietary carbohydrates to triglycerides. Within minutes, elevated glucose levels in the liver lead to posttranslational activatio ...
... defects suffered by as many as half of the American population presently overweight or obese (2). The liver is the principal organ responsible for the conversion of excess dietary carbohydrates to triglycerides. Within minutes, elevated glucose levels in the liver lead to posttranslational activatio ...
03-232 Exam III 2013 Name:__________________________
... unfolded protein. When the protein folds those H-bonds are broken at a cost of +20 kJ/mol, which is energetically unfavorable. Since there are no H-bond donors and acceptors in the membrane, the protein has to form secondary structures that can reform all of these hydrogen bonds. The α-helical or β- ...
... unfolded protein. When the protein folds those H-bonds are broken at a cost of +20 kJ/mol, which is energetically unfavorable. Since there are no H-bond donors and acceptors in the membrane, the protein has to form secondary structures that can reform all of these hydrogen bonds. The α-helical or β- ...
An Introduction to Metabolism and Energetics
... • For each 2-carbon fragment removed from fatty acid, cell gains: • 12 ATP from acetyl-CoA in citric acid cycle • 5 ATP from NADH • Cell can gain 144 ATP molecules from breakdown of one 18- ...
... • For each 2-carbon fragment removed from fatty acid, cell gains: • 12 ATP from acetyl-CoA in citric acid cycle • 5 ATP from NADH • Cell can gain 144 ATP molecules from breakdown of one 18- ...
PP Chapter 9 - Maria Regina High School
... • Respiration is the process by which energy is produced from sugar • Respiration takes place inside a cell’s Mitochondria • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen (Like aerobic activity) • Anaerobic respiration: Does NOT require oxygen ...
... • Respiration is the process by which energy is produced from sugar • Respiration takes place inside a cell’s Mitochondria • There are two types of respiration: • Aerobic respiration: Requires oxygen (Like aerobic activity) • Anaerobic respiration: Does NOT require oxygen ...
Washington State Newborn Screening Changes to Chapter 246
... encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a transmembrane protein involved in ion transport. Affected individuals suffer from chronic, progressive pulmonary disease and nutritional deficits. Early detection and enrollment in a comprehensive care system provides improve ...
... encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a transmembrane protein involved in ion transport. Affected individuals suffer from chronic, progressive pulmonary disease and nutritional deficits. Early detection and enrollment in a comprehensive care system provides improve ...
cell resp
... 31. 31 During the oxidation of glucose, a net gain of ATP only occurs under aerobic conditions. A) True B) False 32. 32 ATP can be formed through substrate-level phosphorylation and this process requires A) an input of energy B) a high-energy phosphate group that is transferred directly to ADP C) a ...
... 31. 31 During the oxidation of glucose, a net gain of ATP only occurs under aerobic conditions. A) True B) False 32. 32 ATP can be formed through substrate-level phosphorylation and this process requires A) an input of energy B) a high-energy phosphate group that is transferred directly to ADP C) a ...
Bioenergetics
... H++ ions interfere with E-C coupling by inhibiting Ca from binding with troponin. ...
... H++ ions interfere with E-C coupling by inhibiting Ca from binding with troponin. ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... Control of Glycolysis Of what value is glycolysis for cells? provides energy in form of ATP provides building blocks for synthetic reactions Where are most control points found? enzymes that catalyze irreversible reactions ...
... Control of Glycolysis Of what value is glycolysis for cells? provides energy in form of ATP provides building blocks for synthetic reactions Where are most control points found? enzymes that catalyze irreversible reactions ...
GenChem
... The reagent pad contains the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase along with I-. In the presence of urine glucose, glucose oxidase forms hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) and gluconic acid. Peroxidase then catalyzes the oxidation of I- with the H2O2 formed in the first reaction. The enzyme glucose oxidase ...
... The reagent pad contains the enzymes glucose oxidase and peroxidase along with I-. In the presence of urine glucose, glucose oxidase forms hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) and gluconic acid. Peroxidase then catalyzes the oxidation of I- with the H2O2 formed in the first reaction. The enzyme glucose oxidase ...
Pyruvate to ACETYL coA CC
... membrane by carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I b. They are then couriered across the inner mitochondrial membrane by carnitine c. Beta oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix: Two-carbon molecules acetyl-CoA are repeatedly cleaved from the fatty acid. a) Acetyl-CoA can then enter the TCA cycle, ...
... membrane by carnitine-palmitoyl transferase I b. They are then couriered across the inner mitochondrial membrane by carnitine c. Beta oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix: Two-carbon molecules acetyl-CoA are repeatedly cleaved from the fatty acid. a) Acetyl-CoA can then enter the TCA cycle, ...
Physio Chap 84 [10-26
... Recovery often takes days. On high-carb diets, recovery takes about 2 days while people on high-fat, high-protein diets show little recovery even after as long as five days. Nutrients Used During Muscle Activity As well as carbs, muscles use large amounts of fat for energy in the form of fatty ...
... Recovery often takes days. On high-carb diets, recovery takes about 2 days while people on high-fat, high-protein diets show little recovery even after as long as five days. Nutrients Used During Muscle Activity As well as carbs, muscles use large amounts of fat for energy in the form of fatty ...
03-232 Biochemistry ... Name:________________________ or the back of the preceding page. In questions... Instructions:
... 12. (12 pts) Please do one of the following two choices related to the conversion of captured energy to ATP. Feel free to use a diagram in your answer. Choice A: Briefly describe the second to last step in the conversion of the energy in the bagel to ATP, i.e. electron transport. Be sure to indicate ...
... 12. (12 pts) Please do one of the following two choices related to the conversion of captured energy to ATP. Feel free to use a diagram in your answer. Choice A: Briefly describe the second to last step in the conversion of the energy in the bagel to ATP, i.e. electron transport. Be sure to indicate ...
Kidney function test
... Renal function tests • Glomerular function tests: all the clearance tests (innulin, creatinine, urea) • Tubular function test: urine concentration or dilution test or urine acidification test • Analysis of blood/serum: blood urea, serum creatinine, protein and electrolytes • Urine examination: simp ...
... Renal function tests • Glomerular function tests: all the clearance tests (innulin, creatinine, urea) • Tubular function test: urine concentration or dilution test or urine acidification test • Analysis of blood/serum: blood urea, serum creatinine, protein and electrolytes • Urine examination: simp ...
PDF
... in metabolism (Suckale & Solimena, 2008). The islets contain many of cells: alpha (α), beta (β) and delta (δ) cells; the α cells secrete glucagon hormone (increase glucose in blood), the β cells, constituting about 60% of all cells of the islets, secrete insulin (decrease glucose in blood- inhibits ...
... in metabolism (Suckale & Solimena, 2008). The islets contain many of cells: alpha (α), beta (β) and delta (δ) cells; the α cells secrete glucagon hormone (increase glucose in blood), the β cells, constituting about 60% of all cells of the islets, secrete insulin (decrease glucose in blood- inhibits ...
Hepatic Encephalopathy in End-Stage Liver Disease
... HE occurs in people with cirrhosis or another type of severe liver disease HE seems to be caused by toxins that build up in the blood and then reach the brain Symptoms of HE can be both mental and physical HE can start slowly, symptoms may not be noticed at first. HE will not get better on ...
... HE occurs in people with cirrhosis or another type of severe liver disease HE seems to be caused by toxins that build up in the blood and then reach the brain Symptoms of HE can be both mental and physical HE can start slowly, symptoms may not be noticed at first. HE will not get better on ...
Energy Systems
... re-synthesise three molecules of ATP but the process of glycolysis itself requires energy (one molecule) The lactic acid system provides energy for high-intensity activities lasting up to 3 minutes but peaking at 1 minute, for example the 400m ...
... re-synthesise three molecules of ATP but the process of glycolysis itself requires energy (one molecule) The lactic acid system provides energy for high-intensity activities lasting up to 3 minutes but peaking at 1 minute, for example the 400m ...
Insulin deficiency disorder
... Phospholipids: (cell membranes) 2 fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate derivative. Cholesterol precursors are MASH (Mevalonate, Acetyl CoA, Squalene, & HMG Coa. Allosteric enzyme is HMG CoA Reductase Chylomicron transports dietary lipids to the body. LDL transports cholesterol from liver to the body ...
... Phospholipids: (cell membranes) 2 fatty acids, glycerol, and phosphate derivative. Cholesterol precursors are MASH (Mevalonate, Acetyl CoA, Squalene, & HMG Coa. Allosteric enzyme is HMG CoA Reductase Chylomicron transports dietary lipids to the body. LDL transports cholesterol from liver to the body ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.