Download Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary (Part 2) 1. Traits: A

Heredity and Genetics Vocabulary (Part 2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Traits: A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its
offspring through its genes.
Heredity: The passing of genes from parents to offspring:
the genes are expressed in the traits of the offspring.
Inheritance: receiving genetic qualities that are passed from
parent to offspring.
Genetics: The scientific study of heredity.
Allele: A form of a gene for a specific trait.
Offspring: The new organisms produced by one or two parent
organisms.
Punnett square: A chart used to show all the ways genes from
two parents can combine and be passed to offspring; used to
predict all genotypes that are possible.
Punnett square example using R to represent the alleles.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Dominant: Describes the allele that determines the
phenotype of an individual organism when two different copies
are present in the genotype.
Recessive: A term that describes an allele that in not
expressed (masked or hidden) when combined with a dominant
form of the gene.
Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism: all the genes
that an organism has.
Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits of an
organism.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a trait.
 Example: TT
Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a trait.
 Example: Tt
Homozygous Dominant: Having two dominant alleles for a
trait.
 Example: TT
Homozygous Recessive: Having two recessive alleles for a
trait.
 Example: tt
Purebred: An organism that always produces offspring with
the same form of a trait as the parent.
Hybrid: An organism that has two different alleles for a
trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait.
Pedigree: A chart that shows family relationships, including
two or more generations.
Sample pedigree chart: