Download Chapter 11 Genetics Intro

• Passing on of characteristics from
parent to offspring
•The branch of biology that studies
heredity
Characteristics that are inherited
• “Father of Genetics”
• Austrian monk
• The first person to succeed in
predicting how traits are transferred
from one generation to the next
*Pea plants reproduce sexually, meaning
they have two distinct sex cells—male
and female
*Sex cells are called GAMETES
*Both gametes are in the same flower
*FERTILIZATION occurs when the male
pollen grain fuses with the female ovule
• From one plant to
another with
different traits
• He made crosses of
the different traits
• Studied only one
trait at a time
• P1 Generation= original parents
• F1 Generation= offspring of original
parents
• F2 Generation= second filial generation
that results when crossing two F1 plants
• **F stands for “filial” ---son or daughter
• Mendel concluded
that each organism
has two factors for
each of its traits
• These “factors” are
GENES and they are
located on the
CHROMSOMES
• Different forms of
genes are called
ALLELES
• DOMINANT TRAIT- the visible,
observable trait, of an organism that
masks a recessive form of a trait
• RECESSIVE TRAIT- Hidden trait of an
organism, masked by a dominant trait
• Mendel concluded
that the two alleles
for each trait must
separate when
gametes are formed
• A parent only
passes one allele (at
random) for each
trait to each
offspring
• Two organisms can look alike but have
different underlying gene
combinations.
• The way an organism looks and
behaves make up its PHENOTYPE—
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
• The gene combination an organism
contains is known as it GENOTYPE