Download Genetics and Heredity

GENETICS AND HEREDITY
TAYLOR SCIENCE
2013-2014
Name: ____________________________ Block: _______
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
GENETICS AND HEREDITY?
Genetics is ……………

The study of how
genetic material is
passed on or
inherited.
Heredity is ……….

The passing of genetic
material from parent
to offspring.
GENETIC MATERIAL:
Contains the genes that code for inherited traits
 Stored in the nucleus of an organisms cells
 Organized into chromosomes
 Carried by DNA
2.
3.

4.
1.
What is DNA?
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid
 It is a type of macromolecule (see pyramid), known as
nucleic acid.
 Levels of Organization: smallest to largest

DNA CONTINUED…
Its shape is described as a
spiral staircase, double helix,
or twisted ladder
 The Backbone or “Handrail”
of DNA is a sugar-phosphate
bond. It provides support for
the “steps” or base pairs.
 The base pairs or “Steps” are
made up of four nitrogen
bases;

Adenine
 Thymine
 Cytosine
 Guanine
 “Steps” contain genes

WHAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENES
AND DNA?
DNA

Carries the trait from
parent to offspring
Gene
Genes

Expresses or codes for
the trait.
ALLELES:
DIFFERENT FORMS OF A GENE
A GENE CONTAINS 2 ALLELES
Dominant Allele
The trait that
appeared the most.
 Can be dominant
 Can be recessive
 Ex. B, E

Recessive
RecessiveAllele
Allele
The trait that
appeared the least.
 This overshadowed
when paired with
dominant trait.
 Ex. b, e,

GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE
Genotype

Combination of alleles
an offspring get from
its parents.
Phenotype

Describes the physical
appearance of an
organism.

Ex. Purple flower,
white flower, green
leaf, etc.
FORMS OF
Homozygous
Two matching alleles
 2 dominant or 2
recessive alleles..


EE or ee
GENOTYPES
Heterozygous
Two different alleles
 One dominant allele
and one recessive
allele.


Ee or Aa
CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS
Characteristic

A feature that has
different forms.

Ex. Hair color, eye
color, skin tone, etc.
Trait
Traits

Describes the feature
of an organism.

Red hair, blue eyes,
brown skin, etc.