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Name ______________________________________ Pd. _____ Date _____________________
HARROLD MIDDLE SCHOOL
Science: What do you already know?
Microorganisms, Fungi, Plants, Weather, Climate, Animals, Environmental Science, Inside Earth,
Earth’s Surface, Forces, Motion, Energy, Cells, Heredity, Chemistry, and Astronomy
Directions: Read each of the statements/questions listed below and determine the most appropriate answer.
1. What are the six characteristics of living things? _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. The maintenance of a stable internal environment is called _________________________.
3. In ______________ reproduction, two parents produce offspring that will share characteristics of both
parents. In ______________ reproduction, a single parent produces an offspring identical to the parent.
4. What are the four necessities of life? ________________________________________________________
5. An organism that consists of a single cell without a nucleus is called a __________________.
6. An organism that consists of cells that have a nucleus is called a __________________.
7. Two examples of prokaryotes are: _________________________________.
8. A microscopic particle that gets inside a cell and often destroys it is called a _____________.
9. List three kinds of protists. ________________________________________________________________
10. The mushrooms on pizza, yeast used to make bread, and (cause of) athlete’s foot are ________________.
11. __________________ is a process by which organisms use sunlight to produce food from CO2 and water.
12. Three structures that plant cells have (and animal cells do not) are: ______________________________.
13. Seed plants that do not have flowers or fruit are called _______________________.
14. Vascular plants that produce flowers and fruits are called _______________________.
15. The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food is called ________________
___________________.
16. ___________________ occurs when pollen is moved from anthers to stigmas, usually by wind or animal.
17. The __________________ ___________ is the process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb thermal
energy and radiate it back to Earth.
18. Identify the four processes of the Water Cycle. ________________________________________________
19. _____________________ are small, intense weather systems that produce strong winds, heavy rain,
lightning, and thunder.
20. A _________________ is a large, rotating tropical weather system with wind speeds of at least 120 km/hr.
21. A tool used to measure air temperature is called a _______________________; a _______________ is an
instrument used to measure air pressure.
22. On a weather map, a blue line with triangles represents a __________ ______________; a red line with
half-circles represents a __________ ______________.
23. Identify the two main types of animals. ______________________________________________________
24. All animals are _____________________, which means they are made of many cells.
25. The three main types of flatworms are: _____________________________________________________.
26. Snails, slugs, clams, oysters, squids, and octopi are all ___________________.
27. Four main characteristics of arthropods (insects, spiders, crabs, and centipedes) are: _________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.
28. Frogs and salamanders are two kinds of ____________________ on Earth today.
29. The four major groups of modern reptiles are _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.
30. Identify seven common characteristics of mammals. ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.
31. The _________________ part of the environment consists of nonliving factors such as water, soil, light,
and temperature; the living part of the environment is called ________________.
32. The five levels of environmental organization are: _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________.
33. A consumer that only eats plants is called a _________________. A consumer that only eats animals is
called a _________________. Consumers known as __________________ eat both plants and animals.
34. In a food web, which way does the arrow point? ______________________________________________
35. A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit is called __________________.
36. Identify the eight land biomes. _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
37. An area where freshwater from streams and rivers spills into the ocean is called an ________________.
38. Name the two types of wetlands. __________________________________
39. Identify five types of pollution. _____________________________________________________________
40. What is the difference between a renewable resource and a nonrenewable resource? _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
41. What are the three “R’s” of resource conservation? ____________________________________________
42. Identify the three types of fossil fuels. ____________________________________________
43. List five types of alternative energy resources. ________________________________________________
44. Identify six characteristics of minerals. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
45. Identify the three types of rock. ____________________________________________________________
46. Describe the rock cycle. __________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
47. _______________________ is a principle that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can
be explained by current geologic processes.
48. The remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geologic processes is called a ___________.
49. The largest division of geologic time is called a/n ___________.
50. What are the three eras of the Phanerozoic Eon? ______________________________________________
51. Name the three layers of the Earth. _________________________________________________
52. Pieces of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere are called _________________
_______________.
53. The supercontinent that contained all of the continents 245 million years ago is called ________________.
54. A boundary where two tectonic plates collide is called _________________.
tectonic plates separate is called ___________________.
A boundary where two
55. ____________________ is a type of stress that occurs when forces squeeze an object; _______________
is a type of stress that occurs when forces cause an object to stretch.
56. A _______________ is a surface along which rocks break and slide past each other.
57. An _____________________ is the point on the Earth’s surface that is directly above an earthquake’s
starting point.
58. Scientists use the _________________ _____________ to measure the strength of earthquakes.
59. Identify the three types of volcanoes. ______________________________________________.
60. The area surrounding the Pacific Ocean, where volcanoes are numerous due to tectonic boundaries, is
called the _____________________.
61. The speed of an object in a particular direction is called _________________.
62. A push or pull that changes the motion of an object is called a ______________.
63. Explain Newton’s First Law of Motion. _______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
64. When is a person doing work? _____________________________________________________________
65. Identify six types of simple machines. _______________________________________________________
66. A ______________________ cell does not have a nucleus; a _____________________ cell does.
67. Four parts that all cells have are: ________________________________________________________.
68. The organelle that provides energy for cell processes (“powerhouse”) is called the __________________.
69. Identify four other cell organelles and describe their function. ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
70. The type of cell transport that requires energy is called __________________ transport.
71. The diffusion of water, which is a passive transport process, is called ______________.
72. _______________ is the study of heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
73. In heredity, the ______________________ trait commonly hides, or overpowers, the recessive trait.
74. Two names for the genotype Bb are: _______________________________________________________.
75. A tool used by geneticists to predict the probability of offspring is called a ___________________ Square.
76. Deoxyribonucleic Acid is abbreviated ____________. Its four nitrogen bases are ____________________.
77. A change in the order, type, or number of bases in a piece of DNA is called a _____________________.
78. Properties of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance are
called _______________________ properties.
79. The two chemical properties of matter are: __________________________________________________.
80. The three states of matter are: ____________________________________________________________.
81. What are the five changes of state? _________________________________________________________
82. The three classes of elements on the Periodic Table are: _______________________________________.
83. The smallest unit of an element that maintains all of the properties of that element is called an _________.
84. What is the negatively charged particle in the atom called? _______________
85. On the Periodic Table, another name for rows are ____________. Columns are also called ____________.
86. _________________ is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.
87. The letter “Hg” is the chemical symbol for the element _________________.
88. ______________________ is the planet closest to the sun.
89. Astronomers believe the universe began with an explosion. This is known as the ______ ________ theory.
90. The color of a star indicates its _____________________.
91. The constellation _________________ is commonly called “The Crab.”
92. The three types of galaxies in the universe are: _______________________________________________.
93. What is the name of the star that is closest to Earth? ____________________________