Download Review sheet – Chapter 9

Review sheet – Chapter 9
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Know that genetics is the science of heredity
Understand that genes are discrete units of genetic (hereditary) information consisting of a
specific nucleotide sequence of DNA
Know who Gregor Mendel was and what he worked with (garden pea plants); understand the
principles that he established, and be able to describe how he tested the mechanisms of
heredity (be able to provide an example of a character he studied, understand what a truebreeding line and how he used these to test how traits were transferred from one generation to
the next
Understand what a true-breeding line is (above), and what an F1 (offspring of 2 true-breeding
lines for different traits) and F2 generation (offspring of 2 F1 generations) is
Know the definition of an allele
Understand what homozygous and heterozygous mean
Understand what is meant by a dominant and a recessive allele
Understand what the difference is between a genotype and phenotype
Be able to define a homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant or heterozygous genotype if
given the alleles (ex. Bb or BB or bb)
Understand that phenotypes can reveal the genotype if recessive
Be able to name possible genotypes if given a phenotype
Understand what a testcross is
Understand that the probability of an event that is certain to occur is 1, while an event that is
certain not to occur is 0
Understand that most genetic disorders are recessive…why?
Understand that a carrier of a recessive allele is heterozygous for the allele (ex. Cc) but does not
exhibit the trait phenotypically
Be able to determine what offspring would be expected to be produced by a couple if given
their genotypes (ex. A female tiger who is heterozygous for coat color (Cc) mates with a male
that is homozygous recessive (cc) for coat color; the female produces gametes that are either C
or c, while the male produces gametes that are c and c; the resulting offspring would be C x c =
Cc; c x c = cc; C x c = Cc, and c x c = cc) See examples from your slides for this…
Be able to explain why inbreeding increases the risk of genetic disorders in offspring produced
by such pairings
Understand that Huntington’s disease is caused by a dominant allele
Understand what incomplete dominance is (homozygous dominant are one color, homozygous
recessive are another color, and heterozygous are another color)
Understand that human blood type is an example of codominance. Be able to describe potential
genotypes of an individual is given his/her phenotype and the blood type of potential offspring if
given the blood type of 2 ‘parents’. For each blood type, know which types individuals can
receive and donate to.
Understand what a linked gene is
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Understand what a sex-linked gene is, and know that hemophilia is an example of one