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L-1 Name 4 atoms found in a protein or amino acids. (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen) L-1 Proteins are composed of small subunits called ____________ that are linked together. (Amino Acids) L-1 Where does a hydrogen bond form between two water molecules? (Oxygen of one molecule to the hydrogen of the other) L-1 Where did the catalase in our enzyme lab come form? (Liver) L-1 Name 1 of the 4 organic molecules? (Lipid, Protein, Carbohydrate or Nucleic Acid) L-1 What was the substrate in the enzyme lab? (Hydrogen peroxide) L-1 List one example of a nucleic acid? (DNA or RNA) L-1 What is another name for a fatty acid in a lipid? (Hydrocarbon Chain) L-1 What happened to the activity of catalase when We boiled it for 5 mins? (activity decreased or something similar) L-1 Which part of an enzyme fits with a substrate? (Active Site) L-1 How does extreme pH level affect the shape of an enzyme? (changes the shape) L-1 Why does sweating lead to a cooling effect in mammals? (water carries heat with it) L-1 Which of the following is a monosaccharide: fructose, sucrose or lactose?(Fructose) L-1 How do enzymes affect chemical reactions? (Lower activation energy or speed them up) L-1 Which of the following would be a enzyme? Sucrose or Sucrase (Sucrase) L-1 What is it called when water sticks to something other that water? (Adhesion) L-1 T or F Cohesion is when water molecules bond to other water molecules. (True) L-1 Which of the following is an example of a Lipid: C6H12O6 OR C13H45O3 (C13H45O3) L-1 Which of the following would be a decomposer In a food chain: algae, primary consumer, bacteria (Bacteria) L-1 What 2 products does catalase break hydrogen Peroxide into? (O2and H20) L-1 What is the function of DNA? (Blueprint for life or it codes to make proteins) L-1 What does it mean that water has a high heat capacity? (Water holds onto heat well or It maintains a stable temp) L-1 ____________is the property of water that allows water molecules to stick together? (cohesion) L-1 A steroid is a type of lipid that has _____ core interlocking rings? (4) L-1 In dehydration synthesis 2 smaller Molecules join to make a larger molecule And a _________ molecule is lost. (water) L-1 What is surface tension? (water forms a blanket on the surface or water has a greater attraction to other water molecules than air molecules. L-1 Name 1 molecule that dissolves well in water? (anything with a charge – most molecules we’ve talked about except lipids) L-1 Describe how you would recognize the structure of a protein. (NH2 group or COOH group) L-1 Which part of an amino acid makes it unique compared with the other 19? (R-Group) L-1 Which atom do all 4 organic molecules have in common? (carbon) L-2 The second law of thermodynamics states That as energy is transferred, ___________ Increases. (entropy) L-2 Nitrifyers convert __________ to ___________. (ammonia to nitrate) L-2 What is an exergonic reaction? (Reactants contain more free or Bond energy than products) L-2 Which type of lipid contains a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains? (triglyceride) L-2 What is a long chain of amino acids called and what is the bond called that links them together? (Polypeptide and peptide bonds) L-2 The 4 levels of a protein include ___________, Second, tertiary, and ____________? (Primary and quaternary) L-2 Nitrogen fixers convert ___________ to _____________. (Nitrogen Gas)(Ammonia) L-2 Which type of lipid has a polar phosphate group and nonpolar fatty acid chains? (phospholipids) L-2 Which type of organic molecule contains A carboxyl group and an amino group? (amino acid or protein) L-2 Which type of reaction would involve splitting a polypeptide into a single amino acids? (hydrolysis) L-2 Denitrifyers covert _________ to _________. (Nitrates) (Nitrogen Gas) L-2 Which type of reaction would involve the joining of galactose and glucose to make Lactose and water? (Dehydration Synthesis) L-2 Which of the 4 organic molecule has the 5 atoms PONCH? (Nucleic Acids) L-2 An allosteric enzyme that is normally in an inactive state, must bond with an ___________ to become active. (Activator) L-2 Name 2 of the 4 organic molecules that contain nitrogen. (proteins/amino acids and nucleic acids) L-2 Which gas is released by plants during photosynthesis and taken in by consumers? Which gas do plants take in and consumers release? (O2, CO2) L-2 True or False Enzymes affect the free energy of reactants and products in a reaction. (False- activation energy only) L-2 What is the difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme? (cofactor: can be organic or inorganic; Coenzymes are only organic) L-2 Which 2 organic molecules have C, H And O only? (Carbs and Lipids) L-2 When the products contain more free energy than the reactants, the reaction is known as? (endergonic) L-3 List 5 properties of water (Excellent solvent, high heat capacity, Surface tension, adhesion and cohesion, Density change at 4 degrees C) L-3 List the 3 atoms found in an aldehyde group. (Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen) L-3 List 4 factors that can affect enzyme activity (Salt, Temperature, pH, Enzyme concentration, And substrate concentration) L-3 List the chemical formula for a hydroxyl group (OH) L-3 List the 3 parts of a nucleic acid that compose a Nucleotide? (phosphate, sugar and base) L-3 Name 3 polysaccharides. (starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin) L-3 List 2 atoms found in a ketone group (C-O) L-3 List the chemical formula for a Carboxyl group (COOH) L-3 Name the 3 types of bacteria that are critical to the recycling of nitrogen? (nitrifyers, nitrogen fixers, denitrifyers) L-3 Describe the structure of a protein at the primary level. (Chain of amino acids) L-3 Which monosaccharide is missing? Glucose, Fructose, ___________. (galactose) L-3 Which polysaccharide is used by plants to store the monosaccharides they make during Photosynthesis? (Starch) L-3 Which components of amino acids interact to cause the “bunching” that occurs at the tertiary level? (R groups) L-3 What is competitive inhibition? (when an inhibitor molecule blocks the active site of an enzyme so that a substrate cannot bind) L-3 Which polysaccharide is used by animals as a storage molecule? (glycogen) L-3 Which polysaccharide is used by plants For stability of their cell walls? (cellulose) L-3 Name the two possible structures that can exist within a protein at the secondary level? (alpha helix and beta sheet) L-3 Describe the structure of a protein at the Quaternary level? (More than 1 polypeptide bonded together) L-3 What is non-competitive inhibition? (when an inhibitor fills the allosteric site of an enzyme and as a result, the active site closes)