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Transcript
Name Period Earth’s Crust in Motion Vocabulary Geology – the study of the solid Earth Convection – the transfer of thermal energy by movements of fluid Convection Currents – the movement of fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers thermal energy from one part of the fluid to another Conduction – the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles of matter Radiation – the transfer of energy of electromagnetic waves Plasticity – the semi-solid, semi-liquid property of the mantle that allows for movement of the plates Crust – the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface Mantle – the layer of hot, solid materials between Earth’s crust and core Outer core – a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth Inner core – a dense ball of solid metal at the center of the Earth Lithosphere – a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust Asthenosphere – the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats Seafloor Spreading – the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor Subduction – the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary Deep Ocean Trench – a deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle; a convergent plate boundary Mid-Ocean Ridge – the undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary Fossil – a trace of an organism that has been preserved in rock Divergent Boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other Convergent Boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other Transform Boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions Continental Drift – the hypothesis that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass and have since drifted to their current locations Fault – breaks in Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped past each other Shearing – the lateral movement of one rock surface against another; caused by intense pressure along plate boundaries Folded Mountains – mountains formed when two plates hit each other straight on, causing them to rise out of the earth; formed at a convergent boundary Science 8 – Earth’s Crust in Motion Pangaea – large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together Plate Boundary – the line where the edges of the plates meet Plate Tectonics – the theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plastic like layer of the mantle Plates – the large sections of the Earth's crust and upper mantle Rift Valley – deep valley that forms when two plates diverge or move apart Hot Spot – an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it Volcano – a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface Science 8 – Earth’s Crust in Motion