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Living Environment SAG
Ms. O’Neill
Time
10
minutes
15-20
minutes
Essential Question: How are we all connected?
Focus Question: We get sick. We get better. Why do we get sick?
Task
I. Think about it: How do we get sick?
To activate prior
knowledge.
Read the information on the overhead transparency and fill in the T-chart:
List illnesses you’ve had
Choose one and describe how you
How did you get your illness?
before.
felt and your treatment.
III. Biology “Buzz”: Creating Notes: Introduction to the Immune System
TASK: To describe the factors that cause disease, differentiate between infectious
and non-infectious diseases and outline the first two lines of defense we have
against pathogens.
Students will use a jigsaw protocol to complete the BIOLOGY “BUZZ” chart given.
See directions below and on your tables!
I. Individual work
 Each member of your group will become the topic expert for a given topic
about disease and our immune system.
 Using the reading material provided at your assigned station, fill in the
necessary information on your “BIOLOGY BUZZ” chart.
 Next share your chart with your partners and revise your work if necessary.
 When time is up you are to move back to your table to share your work.
II. Group Share
Each member of the table will now orally share back to their group the necessary
information they found out about their topic. Members of the group will be active
listeners and take down notes being given by the topic leader.
Student
1 and 1A
2 and 2A
3 and 3A
4 and 4A
5 -10
minutes
Purpose
To compare/
contrast.
To describe how
the body protects
against “foreign
invaders”.
Topic to be covered
Factors that cause disease
Infectious vs Non-infectious Disease.
First line of defense against pathogens
Second line of defense against pathogens
IV. Closing Thoughts
For Next Time!
To organize new
material and
information.
Closure and assessment.
Read the summary on “The Body’s Defenses”. Complete the Review and
Reinforcement worksheet.
BIOLOGY “BUZZ”
Homeostasis and Disease
If there is a disruption in any human system or in how our bodies are working, we are no longer maintaining
homeostasis. When we no longer maintain the conditions we need to carry out life functions we become
unstable. This failure in stability can result in disease or death. Disease is a breakdown in homeostasis.
Factor
Topic I: Factors that cause disease
What it means…summary of how this factor causes disease
Example of Disease
(caused by this factor)
1. Inheritance
(Heredity)
2. Microorganisms
3.Pollutants
4. Organ
Malfunction
5. Harmful
Lifestyles
Topic II. Infectious vs. Non-infectious Disease
Type of Disease
1. Infectious
Diseases
2. Non-infectious
Diseases
Also known as a…
Caused by…
How they are spread…
Examples…
Topic III. Our Body’s Lines of Defense against Infectious Disease
First Line of Defense:
Physical and Chemical
What it does…
Where its found…
Barriers
1. Skin
2. Mucus and Cilia
3. Hydrochloric Acid
(digestive acid
and enzymes)
4. Saliva, tears,
sweat and nasal
secretions.
Second Line of Defense: Inflammatory Response
The inflammatory response is activated when______________________________________________
_________________________________through an open wound or damaged tissue. Blood vessels
near wound ________________________ and white blood cells (WBC’s) leave blood vessels and move
into the injured tissue. These WBC’s are known as _________________________________ and will
try to ______________________ and ______________________ pathogens. The wound or damaged
tissue is _____________________ and becomes __________________ and ___________________,
which means your body is fighting off the infection. The infection either goes away or gets worse.
Sometimes a fever develops and helps fight an infection in three ways:
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________
`
Topic 2 Infectious vs non-infectious disease
Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases kill more people worldwide than any other single cause. Infectious
diseases are caused by pathogens. Pathogens are disease-causing living things, usually
microorganisms, which are found everywhere - in air, soil and water. You can get infected
by touching, eating, drinking or breathing something that contains a pathogen. Pathogens
can also spread through animal and insect bites, kissing and sexual contact. Vaccines,
proper hand washing and medicines can help prevent infections.
There are four main kinds of pathogens:




Bacteria - one-celled germs that multiply quickly and may release chemicals which
can make you sick
Viruses - capsules that contain genetic material, and use your own cells to multiply
Fungi - primitive unicellular or can be multicellular organisms, like mushrooms or
mildew
Protozoa - one-celled animals that use other living things for food and a place to
live
Non Infectious Diseases
Commonly known as non-communicable diseases, abbreviated as NCDs, non-infectious
diseases are those that are caused by factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle,
and not by pathogens (disease-causing organisms). Non-infectious diseases do not pass
on from one person to another.
Common non-infectious diseases affecting people worldwide
According to WHO (World Health Organization) reports, the most common and highly
prevalent non-infectious diseases that affect people worldwide, and have the highest
contribution to the global mortality rate are cardiovascular diseases, various cancers,
diabetes and chronic respiratory problems. A highly polluted environment and sedentary
lifestyle have played a major role in lifting up the rate of premature deaths caused by noninfectious diseases.
From NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and modified by Mrs. O’Neill